由因推果 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [yóuyīntuīguǒ]
由因推果
英文
from the cause to the effect -- [拉丁語] a priori-
Although the road from the research and development stage to making concrete contributions to the community is a long one, polyu has garnered substantial and invaluable experience and achievements in the areas of advancing technological innovation, serving the community with our research deliverables as well as commercializing our research output. while our well - known space tools space holiner forceps and mars rock corer have already made their mark in different parts of the world, we have also made use of our research deliverables to serve those in need. earlier this year, local newspapers have given significant coverage to the case of a quadriplegic patient who had lost his will to live and appealed to legislative councillors for the legalization of euthanasia. fortunately, as soon as this incident went to the press and was brought to the attention of our rehabilitation engineering experts, our colleagues were more than willing to offer a helping hand with their professional expertise
雖然由科技發展到對社會作出實質貢獻是一條漫長的道路，但香港理工大學在推動創新科技、用科研成果服務社會和產業化等方面，已取得了一些寶貴的經驗和成就。除了廣為人知的太空儀器太空鉗和巖芯取樣器的開發，我們也利用科技成果幫助社會上有需要的人士。例如今年年初，報章大篇幅報導了一位四肢癱瘓的長期病患者因為意志消沉，曾去信立法會議員請求將安樂死合法化，以便他能了斷自己的生命。The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation, which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences. because market manipulation is a kind of special tort, the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship. besides, this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs, how to assess the losses of the damaged party
本文第三部分「操縱市場的因果關系研究」從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，並結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，並主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破「法律要件分類說」的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。With the exception of late delivery or nondelivery due to “ force majeure ” causes, if the seller fails to make delivery of the goods in accordance with the terms and conditions, jointly or severally, of this contract, the seller shall be liable to the buyer and indemnify the buyer for all losses, damages, including but not limited to, purchase price and / or purchase price differentials, dead - freight, demurrage, and all consequential direct or indirect losses
因「人力不可抗拒」而推遲或不能交貨者除外，如果賣方不能交貨或不能按合同規定的條件交貨，賣方應負責向買方賠償由此而引起的一切損失和遭受的損害，包括買價及/或買價的差價、空艙費、滯期費，以及由此而引起的直接或間接損失。If his death was indeed brought about by cocaine, the habit had unwitting help from his admirers
如果他的死亡確實由可卡因所致，那麼，他的崇拜者的推崇就不知不覺地助長了他吸毒的惡癖。Compared with the regular rule - based expert system, the bayesian network based es can reason on the incomplete input information using the prior probability distribution ; the topological structure of the network being used to express the qualitative knowledge and the probability distributions of the nodes in the network being used to express the uncertainty of the knowledge, which made the knowledge representation more intuitively and more clearly ; applying the principle of the bayesian chaining rule, bidirectional inference which allow infer from the cause to the effect and from the effect to the cause can be achieved
與一般基於規則的專家系統相比，貝葉斯網專家系統利用先驗概率分佈，可以使推理在輸入數據不完備的基礎上進行；以網路的拓撲結構表達定性知識，以網路節點的概率分佈表達知識的不確定性，從而使不確定性知識的表達直觀、明確；利用貝葉斯法則的基本原理，可以實現由因到果及由果到因的雙向推理。Because it had demonstrated our country universities nurturing the human achievement in the high level, impels between the universities and society ' s exchange effectively, now has become a dominantly activity in the university student class - odd science and technology culture activity ; because of in national university student extracurricular academic science and technology domain guideness, demonstrativeness and mass character, it is crowned a fine reputation of the olympics in chinese university student academic scientific and technical circles
由於其在較高層次上展示了我國高校的育人成果，有效推動高校與社會之間的交流，如今已成為高校學生課余科技文化活動中的一項主導性活動；更因在全國大學生課外學術科技領域的導向性、示範性和群眾性，而被冠以中國大學生學術科技界"奧林匹克"的美名。The existed material fatigue performance test curves are dealt with and analyzed, and the non - dimensional stress - strain curve, tangent modulus factor curve and fatigue life curve are drawn based on the experiment data, and these three non - dimensional parameter curves are used to find the inherent rules that the test curves can be replaced each other to some extent. it can be concluded that if the common character and system error of these materials are found, the test curve of a certain material can be used for reference by another material. this is a simple approach about fatigue life estimate and is engineering practical
對已有的材料力學疲勞性能試驗曲線進行分析整理，利用試驗數據繪制了相對應力應變曲線、切線模量因子曲線和疲勞壽命曲線，利用這三種無量綱參數曲線發現了其中存在的規律性，即在某種程度上實驗曲線可以互相取代，並用試驗數據對此進行了討論，並由此推斷，如果找出材料彼此的共性或彼此之間的系統誤差就可以將一種材料的試驗曲線供其它材料參考使用，這是一種估算材料的疲勞壽命的簡便方法，對工程而言具有實用性。It argues that economic, political, cultural, social reasons together with the axis role of france and germany constitute the forces pushing forward eu ' s eastern enlargement
筆者認為，歐盟東擴是「兩廂情願」的良性互動，歐盟東擴足由經濟動因、政治動因、文化動因、社會動因和法德的軸心作用共同推動的結果。We show that under the consideration of discounted factor, jobs in the p - maximal initial set / * of module m should be processed prior to other jobs in module m, and the schedule is the optimal if the jobs in i * are n ' t be preempted by the jobs in n i *. this result is a extension of lawler ' s method for minimizing total weighted completion time with a series - parallel precedence
證明了在考慮折扣因子的條件下，模塊m的因子最大初始集合i中的任務優先於模塊m中的其他任務，並且被連續加工所得的排序為最優排序：該結果推廣了lawler用來求解約束為串並有向圖的單機加權總完工時間問題的由底向上搜索分解樹的方法。Moreover, this paper discusses the feasibility of option pricing theory by adopting cases. on the one hand, it admits this method plays a key role in the realization of " debt - in - lieu - of - equity " of state - owned enterprises and appraising the value of potential earning - capacity ; on the other hand, it illustrates the application of option pricing theory in appraisal is still immature. for it can not meet the prerequisite of the theory ; its result will not be generally accepted and the quality of appraisal staff are relatively lower, this method is not applicable to business valuation aiming at equity alteration. thus it should not be regarded as a brand - new appraisal method to be promot ed in the short run. in the finial the thesis forms its conclusion on method application of superseding cost method gradually. generalizing the use of income method and developing the sense of using option pricing method
由於成本法所固有的局限性，無法評估出資產組配成具有獲利能力的整體資產的創造性價值，因此注重企業獲利能力的收益法已成為轉軌時期中國評估業的現實選擇，並進一步對收益法的起源、方法特點和適用性進行了深入的分析；運用理性分析與案例分析相結合的方法對收益法發展的新階段? ?期權定價法應用於企業價值評估的可行性進行了研究，肯定了這一方法對國企實現「債轉股」和評估高新技術企業潛在獲利能力價值的重大意義，同時對此方法應用於企業價值評估不滿足前提條件、評估結果的可接受性、及評估人員素質等方面說明了這一方法在資產評估領域的應用尚不成熟，尤其不適用於產權變動為目的的企業價值評估，因而短期內不宜作為一種全新的評估方法推廣。The research can offer some important references to the population ecology of endangerous plant, too. based on the dates of two different circumstances, two standard life tables of form. taais chinensis var. mcarei population are founded by mathematical technique according to premising with " space deducing time ", and the curves of survival rate, mortality rate and killing power were drew. the results showed both of the survival curves of population appeared to be a type of deevey - iii and the high mortality of seeding is one of the important reasons which caused taxus chinensis var. mairei to be endangered, which badly limited the enlargement of form. taxus chinensis var. mcarei population
由於南方紅豆杉無解析木，因而以「空間推時間」 、 「橫向導縱向」方法，將林林依胸徑大小分級，以立木級結構代表年齡結構，採用分段勻滑技術，對兩個不同生境的南方紅豆杉種群編制特定時間生命表，繪制存活曲線，結果表明不同生境的南方紅豆杉種群的存活曲線均趨于deevey -型，兩地差異較小，幼苗死亡率極高，不同生境的幼苗死亡率均達到96以上。And then, thesis explicates the reasons of the difference from five aspects including natural resource, area conditions, labor conditions, technical conditions and industry structure. furthermore, the thesis points out that the sustainable utilization of natural resource, the adjustment of labor structure, improvement of labor qualities, the employment of advanced science and technology and reasonable industry structure are critical to the improvement of rural economy ' s integral, power and comprehensive competition. at last, this thesis puts forwards a series of policies and countermeasures, such as accelerating urbanization of villages of villages to develop increasing pole, enchanting agricultural, industrialization to strengthen the industry foundation, improving the help and development policies to the poor to strengthen the district economic cooperation and the coordination effect by decreasing the limits of the poor, and so on, which can encourage each area display its advantage and supply what the other needs and make the rural economy coordinated and commonly flourishing
根據分析結果將11個市劃分為省內發達區域、中等發達區域和不發達區域三種類型，將138個縣（市）劃分為由高到低七個等級；對差異產生的原因從自然資源、區位條件、勞動力條件、技術條件、產業結構等五個方面進行了系統探討；並從更深層次上指出，土地等自然資源的可持續利用，勞動力構成優化、素質提高，先進科學技術的適用，產業結構的合理布局等對農村經濟的整體實力和綜合競爭力的提高起決定性的作用；最後，在河北省農村經濟協調發展的角度，提出了「因地制宜，揚長避短；優勢互補，共同發展」的指導思想和「鼓勵先進，鞭策后勁；區域聯動，全面協調」的基本原則，並進一步提出了加大小城建設? ?培養增長極，推進農業產業化經營? ?強化產業基礎，改善扶貧開發政策? ?降低后勁制約以及加強區域經濟聯合? ?增強協調效應等綜合措施。Abstract : the attitude error performance of electrostatic gyro should be understood and the relevant error equations must be set up in order to ensure the navigation precision of esgm. the relation between the navigation errors and the attitude errors of gyro was derived by use of spherical triangle. the simulation results show that the temporal performances of the longitudinal and distance errors which come from the initial alignment errors are periodically variational. they also show that the longitudinal and distance errors resulted from gyro drifts are not convergent in time. thus, the effects of initial alignment errors and gyro drifts can not be neglected and must be estimated and compensated
文摘:為了保證靜電監控器的導航定位精度，需要了解靜電陀螺的姿態誤差特性，建立相應的誤差方程.本文採用球面三角形原理推導了導航定位誤差與陀螺姿態誤差的關系式.模擬結果表明，由初始定向誤差引起的經度誤差和距離誤差的時間特性是周期變化的；由陀螺漂移引起的經度誤差和距離誤差是隨時間發散的.因此，初始定向誤差和陀螺漂移的影響不能忽略，必須對其進行估計和補償On the basis of primary analysis in economic theory of the reasons of shanxi merchants taking credit widely in business, the thesis using game theory which is a new method does some careful research. then it spreads out further to analyze the mechanism from idea and moral, the administrative measures and property right restrain. because of the excessive loan, especially the credit prombles of qing government " s, shanxi merchants declined rapidly. modem enterprises are a link in historic chains and their credit and development have the same causes and effects as shanxi merchants. the research into the success and failure of shanxi merchants has great practical significance and it can provide some beneficial enlightenments for the development of enterprises today
本文在運用經濟學理論對晉商在經營中廣泛採用信用的原因進行初步分析的基礎上，運用博弈論這一較新方法對其進行了細致的研究，進而從理念道德、管理措施和產權約束三個方面對其生成機制展開了深入探討。由於後期放貸過大等原因，尤其是清政府信用中的一系列問題，對晉商的衰敗起了推波助瀾的作用。現代企業是焊接在陳陳相因的歷史鏈條下的一環，其信用與發展之間有著與晉商基本相同的因果關系。The investment of commercial real estate development has real option characteristics, because the real option method can properly deal with uncertainty, irreversibility and flexibility. in this part, the author construct a framework for analyzing the real options of commercial real estate investment decision, and analyzes the real options of commercial real estate investment decision from confirming the problem solved, analyzing the uncertain source, distinguishing the key uncertain factor, discerning the type of real options, constructing the real options option model, calculating the value of the commercial real estate, checking the result of calculation and redesigning, finds that the commercial real estate development has postpone option, expansion option, shrink option, change option, give up option. it proves that the commercial real estate has management flexibility in the development item, and the flexibility give
由於實物期權方法可以很好地解決不確定性、不可逆性和靈活性，因而商業地產投資決策具有實物期權特性，同時從確定要解決的問題、分析不確定性的來源、鑒別關鍵的不確定性因素、識別實物期權類型、構建期權定價模型、計算項目價值、檢查計算結果和重新設計八個方面，構建了商業地產投資決策的實物期權分析框架，得出商業地產開發項目中通常存在推遲期權、擴張期權、收縮期權、轉換期權、放棄期權等期權類型，說明商業地產開發項目中具有管理和經營柔性，而這種柔性賦予了商業地產開發項目實物期權的特性。Aimed at some problems such as short spraying distance, electricity - leaking and reverse ionization among electrostatic nozzles existing in the country, a induction charging and pneumatic energy electrostatic nozzle was designed. the basic designing theories, structure and working process of this nozzles were theoretically specified in the paper. and then the atomization quality and charge performances of this nozzle and its affecting factors were studied by carrying out performance experiment and statistic analysis. result of the studies indicate : ( 1 ) some progress were made in solving the problems list above ; ( 2 ) from this nozzle, droplet were minute and uniform, and higher charge - mass ratio can be obtained under lower electrostatic voltage, thus the atomization quality and charge performance of this nozzle were both better ; ( 3 ) within the experiment extend, air pressure at 0. 2mpa, electrostatic voltage at 2400v were the most suitable parameters for the nozzle ; ( 4 ) the regression equations for describing droplet size, intensity of spray current and charge - mass ratio of this nozzle obtained from the experiment data had higher forecast precision ; ( 5 ) cross - effect of all factors were not significant, the atomization quality and charge performance were relative dependency affected by the factors
諸試驗因素中，充電電壓和噴孔直徑對霧滴荷質比均有極顯著的影響；氣體壓力和液體流量對霧滴荷質比的影響均不顯著；影響霧滴荷質比的主要因素依次為充電電壓和噴孔直徑; （ 8 ）在300v 、 600v 、 1200y 、 1800y 、 2400v 、 3000v六種充電電壓t ，霧滴荷質比先隨充電電壓的增加而增大， 2400v后荷質比減小，推測:對于所研製的噴頭可能存在一個最佳充電電壓; （ 9 ）由充電電壓和噴孔直徑的不同搭配所得霧滴荷質比不同這一結果，可看出，較大充電電壓需配備較大噴孔直徑以增強霧滴荷電效果; （ 10 ） td3 . 6和td3 . 4兩噴頭的霧滴荷質比曲線趨于重合，說明噴孔直徑大於滬3This paper analyzes the effect of hospital adequate outpatient volume on a physician ' s working hours based on the theory of labor supply, results of the theoretical model show that as the policy leads to a decrease in physician fees, the effect of this policy is ambiguous given that leisure is a normal good
由理論模型的推估結果發現，當休?被視為正常財，而醫師診察費因醫院門診合理量的實施而下降時，此政策對于醫師實際門診工作時問的影響是不確定的。Through the experimentation for the physical performance of cfpb masonry under local compression, the author has observed the deformation and failure of cfpbm. based on the mathematical statistics and regression analysis of the experimental data, the author derived a feasible and common formula for counting the cfpbm ' s local compression strength regarding the different local compression locations, analyzed stress distribution of local bearing masonry under beams end, and provided the calculating formula on effective supporting length of beam end in brick masonry. as the results of experiments demonstrate, owing to the cfpb ' s own holes " system, the beneficial effects, the bounding effect of surrounding masonry and the spread effect of force, have not developed completely
試驗結果分析表明：由於多孔磚自身的孔洞結構，砌體內部的圍箍作用和力的擴散作用未得到充分發揮，局壓強度雖較軸心受壓強度有所提高，但仍低於同情況下實心磚的局壓強度；當有上部荷載作用時，對砌體局壓有利的懸臂卸荷作用和內拱卸荷作用均不明顯，因此在推導梁端局壓強度計算公式時，未考慮此可能存在的有利影響，計算偏安全；局壓強度提高系數公式除採用規范公式（二項式）的表達式，還用對數式進行了回歸推導，得到了一個較為普遍的公式；論文還對梁端局壓的梁端有效支承長度計算公式進行了回歸推導。The data suggest that decentralization of the superior cervical ganglia attenuates formation or development of heat stroke by promoting an increase in cerebral blood flow in rabbits
由本結果推論：上頸神經節節前纖維被切斷后，可能因增進腦皮層血流而得以抑低熱中暑形成。The complete nucleotide sequences of two strain viruses were determined. ten pairs of primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequences of tbev sofjin - ho, oshima5 - 10 by dnastar software. the virus cdna was expanded by rt - pcr in ten parts. sequenced by clones method. 5 " terminal and 3 " terminal cdna was expanded by race method. the nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of two strain viruses were compared with the sequences in genbank by dnastar software
根據genbank中已公布的tbevsofjin - ho株和oshima5 - 10株核苷酸序列利用dnastar軟體設計10對引物，利用rt - pcr技術分段擴增病毒cdna ，克隆法測序。病毒基因組5末端和3末端序列採用race法擴增。測序結果用dnastar軟體拼接，在genbank中檢索6株tbev編碼區核苷酸序列、 12株tbeve蛋白核苷酸序列，並在dnastar上進行核苷酸序列、由此推導的氨基酸序列比較及構建系統發生樹。分享友人