直接計件制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhíjiējìjiànzhì]
直接計件制 英文
straight piecework
  • 直 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （成直線的; 硬挺的） straight; stiff 2 （跟地面垂直的; 從上到下的; 從前到后的） erect; v...
  • 接 : Ⅰ動詞1 （靠近;接觸） come into contact with; come close to 2 （連接; 使連接） connect; join; put ...
  • 計 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算） count; compute; calculate; number 2 （設想; 打算） plan; plot Ⅱ名詞1 （測量或計算...
  • 件 : Ⅰ量詞（用於個體事物） piece; article; item Ⅱ名詞1. （指可以一一計算的事物） 2. （文件） letter; correspondence; paper; document
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 直接 : direct; immediate
  1. Adopting rational agent characteristic could add the auditor into corporate contract to educing optimum solution ; opening out the auditor incentive factors in auditing demand theory and the monitor mechanism of auditing. a multi - agent corporate model including the firm owner, the manager and the auditor of the corporate is analyzed in the paper, the conclusions are : educing the optimum solution of model which could prevent the manager and the auditor becoming collusive or skulked ; clarifying the relationship between monitoring of the firm owner and working of the auditor, and illustrating the behavior combination of optimum solution ; further analyzing the relationship among monitoring degree, punishment of auditor and the auditor risk. adapting the model from a single term to serial terms, and adding the non - monetary utility of auditor - - - reputation into the model ; describing behavior of the firm owner in reality and clarifying the necessity of monitoring by the owner and the environment improvements it needs

    論文採用所有者經理人審計師多代理人模型為基礎進行分析，主要成果是：得出能夠防止共謀和不努力工作的模型最優解集合；通過因素分析闡明審計師工作努力程度與所有者監控力度之間的直接關系，以及審計合約最優解的行為策略組合及其制定順序；引申分析所有者監控力度與審計風險、審計師懲罰力度之間的關系；成功的將模型從單一期間擴展到多期間情況，並且將審計師聲譽等非現金收入形式的效用影響加入到模型當中；通過分析審計實務中的所有者行為特徵說明所有者對審計師工作實施監控的必要性，以及實現該監控所需的條件。
  2. Our treatment shows in the raman effect case, mnls solitons, the same as nls solitons, keeps its energy, initial center and initial phase unchanged. however, the raman effect, not the same as nls solitons. reduces its amplitude, widens its width and under the same conditions, the self - frequency shift of mnls soltions is closer to the result of numerical simulation. in the raman effect together with frequency filters case, mnls solitons, the same as nls solitons, keeps initial center and initial phase unchanged and bandwidth - limited frequency filters can make the mean frequency of mnls soltion stand a steady value at the red side of the initial mean frequency, i. e. suppress the self - frequency shift of mnls soltions. and that, the other physical parameters of mnls soltion last stand a steady value. however under the same conditions, the steady value of the mean frequency of mnls soltions is closer to the initial mean frequency and the result of numerical simulation

    有所不同的是， raman效應雖然不改變孤子能量，但會引起孤子峰值的下降和寬度變寬，且在同一條件下， mnls孤子微擾理論得到的自頻移比nls孤子微擾理論得到的更接近直接數值計算結果。有限帶寬的頻率濾波也不引起mnls孤子初始中心、初始位相的改變，選取適當的頻率濾波器參數值能使孤子的平均頻率穩定在初始平均頻率的紅側一穩定值，抑制了自頻移，而且孤子的各物理量最後都穩定在一穩定值，這些與nls孤子微擾理論都是類似的。有所不同的是，寬度為飛秒量級下， mnls孤子平均頻率的穩定值更接近初始平均頻率，更接近數值計算結果。
  3. Rapid prototyping technology changed the traditional pattern of product design, which could offer product sample for the designer, reduced design cycle and quicken the schedule of new product design, and it gave the decision - makers visual feeling. ; rp technology provided kinds of molds including resin - boncled mold laminate mold, investment mold and lost foam casting mold and so on for sand casting investment casting and cavityless casting, it could also use direct shell production casting to make pattern dies metal dies die - casting dies injection dies directly, and it could even produce casting products in small scales. the applications of fdm technology in plaster precision casting and the rapid casting technology based on sls technology were introduced, the organic combination between rapid prototyping tecnnology and foundry process, which initiated a new period of rapid manufacturing metal parts, by using advanced new technology alternated traditional foundry industry to make it looked brand - new, thus, the competition of foundry industry would be improved ; rapid prototyping technology offered a rapid economical feasible technical method, common processes of using rapid prototyping technology to produce dies were discussed, in the paper it explored that. the problem of combining rapid prototyping technology with electric arc metal - spraying technology to make metal dies and technics in dies manufacturing of combining rapid prototyping technology with precision casting, rapid tooling based on rapid prototyping, integrated advanced new technology and tradition technology of rapid prototyping manufacture, each superiority were exerted, rapid prototyping technology had been an efficiency measure to rapid update products and develop new product, and to middle -

    快速成型技術改變了傳統的產品開發模式，可以為設計者提供產品樣件，縮短設計周期，加快新產品的開發進度，為決策者提供直觀性；快速成型技術迅速提供砂型鑄造、熔模鑄造、實型鑄造用的各種模樣，包括樹脂模、層壓模、熔模和消失模等，還可採用直接制殼鑄造法直接製造熔模鑄造用的壓型、金屬型、壓鑄型、注塑模，甚至直接製造小批量鑄件，介紹了熔積成型技術在石膏型精密鑄造上的應用和基於選擇性激光燒結技術的快速鑄造技術，快速成型技術與鑄造工藝的有機結合，開創了快速製造金屬零件的新階段，對用高新技術改造傳統的鑄造工業，使其面貌煥然一新，增強鑄造行業的競爭能力；快速成型技術為母模的製造提供了一條快速、經濟、可行的技術途徑，討論了利用快速成型技術製造模具的一般工藝方法，探討了將快速成型技術與金屬電弧噴鍍技術結合起來快速製造金屬模具問題，以及快速成型技術與精密鑄造技術相結合的模具製造工藝，基於快速成型製造的快速模具技術，集成了快速成型製造高新技術和傳統技術，發揮各自優勢，已成為產品快速更新換代和新產品開發及中、小批量生產的有效手段之一。
  4. 3 ) definition of input designer concept for flight control system ( fcs ). a input designer was successfully constructed which can provide a effect almost the same as directly control over aerodynamic control surface through the careful design of inputs of fcs. this input design concept is very important for in - service aircraft upgrade where change of the original pcs is not allowed

    3 ）提出了飛控系統輸入設計概念，並成功地構建了飛控輸入設計器，能夠在不改變原飛控系統條件下有效地提高舵面控制能力，獲得接近直接舵面操縱的性能，對于現役飛機改進、改型中飛機運動自動控制系統的設計具有非常重要的意義。
  5. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  6. In the paper, a speed estimator based on artificial neural network is designed according to the principle of direct torque control, the speed estimator is optimized by genetic algorithm, and the parameters of pid speed adjuster is also optimized by genetic algorithm. a stator linkage and torque observer based on stator resistance estimator using fuzzy neural network is also designed. eventually, the intelligent control of direct torque control system is implemented

    本文根據異步電動機直接轉矩控制原理，在應用人工神經網路進行速度辨識的基礎上，利用遺傳演算法對神經網路速度辨識器進行了優化設計；運用遺傳演算法對pid速度調節器的結構和參數進行了整合；在採用模糊神經網路對電機定子電阻辨識的基礎上，進行了定子磁鏈及轉矩的觀測，為最終實現無速度傳感器直接轉矩控制系統的智能控制創造了條件。
  7. Using logical reasoning and statistical figures, this article makes a study of the economic condition of transitional enterprises such as economic development level, comparative advantage in industry and in enterprise ownership, reaching the conclude that the economic system, however, is becoming the biggest obstacle for the expanse of the direct investment. in the perspective of conforming to the macro economic benefits of country and strengthening the enterprise ' s competitive advantage, it should be pointed out how to improve the condition of direct investment

    為此本文運用邏輯證明和統計分析的方法，對中國企業跨國經營所應具備的經濟基礎條件如經濟發展水平、產業發展優勢、企業所有權優勢等方面進行了研究，並認為制度因素對海外投資擴張的宏觀和微觀條件構成了最大的約束，必須調整我國的有關政策來推動對外直接投資條件的改善。
  8. In economics, the higher school logistics socialization is to put the higher school rear service into the socialist market economy system, socialize the service body, changing self - service into social service through further reform ; commercialize the service fruits, changing service without teward into one with reward ; market the service ways, changing the direct service into indirect one, to thoroughly changethe condition that higher school ran society under the planned economy, overwhelm the bottle neck of higher school development, and create conditions for our country ' s higher education to be better suited to our rapid development

    摘要從經濟學的角度來分析，高校後勤社會化就是將高校後勤服務納人社會主義市場經濟體系，通過深化改革逐步實現服務主體社會化，變自我服務為社會服務；服務成果商品化，變無償服務為等價有償服務；服務方式市場化，變直接服務為間接服務，從根本上改變計劃經濟條件下形成的「高校辦社會」的狀況，克服高校發展的體制「瓶頸」 ，為高等教育更好地適應我國快速發展的社會經濟創造條件。
  9. In theoretical analysis, finite element method is firstly used to solve the mechanical - electric coupling problems in a flexible plate with piezoelectric elements and to obtain structural vibration modal shapes. focusing on collocated type of piezoelectric sensors / actuators, the maximum determinant of fisher information matrix criteria is chosen as the optimization function and then simplified to determine an optimal principle for the best location of piezoelectric elements

    本文研究柔性板振動控制中壓電元件的位置優化設計問題，針對壓電傳感器和驅動器的同位布置結構型式，將壓電元件的有限元分析方法與d優化設計準則相結合，直接利用結構的模態振型確定壓電元件在柔性板上的最優位置。
  10. Finally, a feedback control system of neural network was designed and a special learning method was produced to train the neural network which was applied in the non - linear model of semi - active suspension. the result of test showed ride comfort and handling was improved preferably after the control, and the semi - active suspension system harmonized the vehicle performance with the controller

    最後，設計了神經網路反饋控制系統，採用一種特殊學習（直接學習）方法對其進行訓練，並將其應用於半主動懸架非線性模型的模擬驗證，通過對多種路面激勵輸入條件下的模擬分析表明：該神經網路反饋控制系統可以較好地提高車輛的乘坐舒適性和操縱穩定性，採用這種神經網路反饋控制的半主動懸架，可以較好地協調車輛性能。
  11. Part two : transition from plan economy to market economy is in greater demand of government intervention. in plan economy, government directly participates in production process, distributes resources and takes the place of the market. the direct control of government over economy will inevitably lead to drawbacks hi its function

    第二部分：由計劃經濟向市場經濟的過渡，更需要政府干預在計劃經濟條件下，政府直接參與生產全過程，直接配置資源，直接取代市場，直接統制經濟，必然存在職能的缺陷。
  12. After controlling indexes of the heat preservation and controlling indexes of the energy conservation for building envelop ( root and walls ) in indoor heating condition is given, by means of the interrelated principle between windows and walls the controlling indexes of heat preservation and the controlling indexes at energy conservation for building envelop ( windows ) in indoor heating condition can be determined directly

    摘要該文在室內採暖條件下圍護結構（墻與屋頂）保溫控制指標已確定的基礎上，依據窗墻相關性原理所導出的同一方向窗的傳熱阻與墻的傳熱阻相關性系數（它隨窗墻面積比不同而變化）可直接求出在同一室內熱環境控制條件下窗的保溫、節能控制指標，使保溫控制與節能控制設計更加科學、簡單。
  13. Thirdly, in term of the results of testing and calculation, the displacement and libration, the difference of altitude, the flexibility and strain of crane - beams are all generally analysed, especially the reason why the crane - beams are attaint is lucubrated, and the reasons why the trigging pole is ruptured, the upper wingspan is damaged, the orbital movement, the exceptional incline of colums are open out, which has instructional significances that improve the design of the steel frame of the coke made by dry flameout

    第三，根據檢測和計算結果，對鋼框架的位移和振動、框架高差、吊車梁撓度和應變等進行了全面的分析，特別對吊車梁系統的損傷原因進行了深入分析，揭示了制動桿件斷裂、上翼緣磨損、軌道竄動、柱異常傾斜等一系列損傷現象的原因，對于改進干熄焦鋼框架的設計有著直接的指導意義。
  14. Introduction of variational calculus and its application in the engineering optimal design, constrained / unconstrained optimal design problems, discrete optimal control and mathematical programming, practical examples of optimum design

    先修課程：負責教授同意。變分微積分與最佳化之關系及其在工程最佳化上之應用、端點條件、不連續最佳化程序、無限制及有限制條件最佳化問題、直接法及實際最佳化設計應用等。
  15. C60, a new type of semiconductor material, has many superior properties, such as wide forbidden band, direct band gap, rapid responding time, high optical damage threshold value and wide responding frequency band etc. these capabilities indicate that c60 film will be used widely in computer, integrate optical instrument and storage device etc. however, the preparation and the purification of c60 material affect the large - scale application at all times

    C _ （ 60 ）薄膜作為新的半導體材料具備許多優越特性，如禁帶寬度大、直接帶隙、快速響應時間、高的光學損傷閥值、較寬的響應頻帶等，這些性能預示了c _ （ 60 ）薄膜在計算機、集成光學器件、光存儲器等方面具有廣闊的應用前景，但c _ （ 60 ）材料的制備與提純還一直是阻礙該新材料投入大規模實際應用的主要因素。
  16. As those college students are pillars of the state in the future, the extent of solving this crisis is directly related to whether they could be the qualified builders for the socialist modernization and the rise and fall of our country. therefore, the intervention of the crisis is an important matter could n ' t be neglected. we must work out and take appropriate measures from the point of view of society, colleges families and individuals to set up credit awareness strengthen public honesty and keeping promises awareness, to expand and encourage honesty and keeping promises culture and behaviors, to set up supervisory and evaluation system and to pay close attention to its education and train perfect personality

    而作為未來社會中堅的大學生，其誠信危機的解決程度直接關系其能否成為中國特色社會主義事業的合格建設者與棟梁才，直接關系祖國的興衰成敗與振興大計，那麼，干預當代大學生的誠信危機的發生，于國于校、於家於己來講，都是一件不容忽視的大事，所以我們必須從社會、學校、家庭、個人的角度出發，拿出相應的對策與措施，樹立信用意識，強化公眾的誠信共識；大力弘揚誠信文化，積極鼓勵誠信行為；建立誠信監督機制，開展誠信行為評價；抓好誠信教育，培養完善人格。
  17. Drawing machine i developed adopts embedded technology, implements control by 32 - bit microprocessor. this kind of drawing machine can draw itself without relevant software, not controlled by computer, and it also can display the graphics on the lcd screen. there are usb and network interface in the machine, we can draw a graphics from an usb disk or any computer on the internet

    本課題採用嵌入式開發系統開發大型服裝cad繪圖機，用32位微處理器控制，使繪圖機不受上位機的控制，自身就具有繪圖功能，無需配套軟體，而且能夠在液晶屏上顯示所畫的圖形；繪圖機具有usb介面和網口，可以通過讀u盤里的繪圖文件直接繪圖，也可以通過網口讀局域網內任意一臺計算機里的繪圖文件進行繪圖。
  18. It deals preferably with interpolation output based on divided circuit. so, it ameliorates some characteristics of stepping motor, and improves interpolation precision. in this paper program is designed by mscomm to explain work principle of communication between person computer and single microcomputer for processing files designed by cad, then it is processing component parts

    本文對于在細分驅動中常出現的在細分電流的下降沿，由於電流下降速度慢而不能很好地實現細分的問題給予解決；解決了有細分電路后的插補輸出控制，這樣既改善了步進電機的某些性能，又提高了插補精度；為了將cad設計的加工文件直接通信給單片機，然後進行加工，本文用mscomm設計的程序用來說明其工作原理。
  19. Many practical factors, such as effects of line fuses protection, disconnected switches, scheduled maintenance, spare electrical source, spare transformers in distribution system, are considered in the assessment arithmetic. in the assessment, it is more practical that low - voltage power system is equivalent to an element on the lateral section of mid - voltage system. especially, the minimal cut - sets are divided into direct cuts and indirect cuts, which makes the effects of elements in cuts on system more legible and exact

    演算法考慮了分支線熔斷器保護、隔離開關、計劃檢修、備用電源、有無備用變壓器的影響，將低壓系統等效為中壓系統分支饋線上的一個等效元件進行評估，使得該方法更符合實際，特別是，將最小割集分為直接割集和間接割集，使割集元件的影響更加清晰準確，並以c + +語言編制了計算軟體。
  20. The following conclusions have been drawn from this research program, : ( 1 ) the model following architecture allows for straightforward implementation of requirements of handling quality standard, and it can be utilized for helicopter handling quality design. ( 2 ) the adaptive model - inverse control theory can provide the referenced helicopter with consistent handling quality throughout its operating envelope, with requiring only an approximate linear model at a single operating point. ( 3 ) the technology of adaptive neural network model - inverse control can reduce costs and period associated with pcs development

    通過該課題的研究，得到以下結論： （ 1 ）參考模型跟蹤結構能夠直接實現飛行品質規范要求，可以用於直升機飛行品質設計； （ 2 ）自適應模型逆控制方法只需一個基準狀態下的近似線性模型，卻可在整個使用包線內提供協調一致的飛行品質； （ 3 ）自適應神經網路模型逆控制技術可節約成本，縮短飛控系統研製周期； （ 4 ）在某些部件部分意外失效或戰損情況下，自適應神經網路具有實現控制的在線快速重新配置、保持飛行品質的潛力； （ 5 ）軌跡跟蹤控制器可以用於任務科目基元模擬及飛行品質評估。
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