空載開度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [kōngzǎikāidù]
空載開度 英文
no-load opening
  • 空 : 空Ⅰ形容詞（不包含什麼; 裏面沒有東西或沒有內容; 不切實際的） empty; hollow; void Ⅱ名詞1 （天空） s...
  • 載 : 載Ⅰ名詞（年） year : 一年半載 six to twelve months; six months to a year; 三年五載 three to five ...
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 空載 : carrying idler; idler; idling; no live load; empty load; no load; non load; weight empty空載變速 ...
  1. Consequently, on the basis of non - winkler foundation model, a finite - element method that utilizes foundation flexibility matrix into iterative calculation is proposed in this paper originated from the item " the optimal design theory and research of pile capping beam " sponsored by natural science fund of hunan province, which the continuity of soil mass can be accounted for under various boundary conditions, different loadings and irregular beam characters

    本文結合湖南省自然科學基金項目「樁基承臺梁優化設計理論與方法研究」 ，針對非文克爾地基（半空間、線性變形層或單向壓縮層地基模型等）上的樁基承臺梁，提出一種利用地基柔度矩陣來進行迭代的有限單元法，可充分考慮梁下土體的連續性，並對基礎與土體脫開、承臺梁截面變化、梁體邊界條件復雜、上部荷載類型變化以及梁下基樁承載力差異等情況進行分析計算。
  2. Thirdly, the mathematics model of forecasting low flow was established in fengcong and fenglin regions according to these factors influencing the amount of low flow in karst drainage ( the area of drainage, lithology, the type of landforms and its special assembly and forest ) the conception of low water resources carrying capacity was first put forward according to the changing law of low water resources in space and the situation of exploitation and utilization in karst drainage ( ie, under the condition of the virtuous ecological environment and the available technology, the explorable amount of water resources in certain areas is capacity and limitation which is able to coordinate the development of population, enviroment and economy during the period of low flow seasons ) and preliminarily analyzed its connotation, characteristic and established the index system of low flow in karst drainage

    三是根據影響喀斯特流域枯水徑流的下墊面因素（空間尺度、巖性、地貌類型、植被） ，分別對峰叢和峰林等喀斯特地區建立枯水徑流預測模型。根據喀斯特流域枯水資源的空間變化規律以及實際開發利用狀況，首次提出了枯水資源承載力的概念，即在枯水季節期間，保持良性的生態環境和現有的技術條件下，某一區域內可開採的水資源量對支持該地區人口、經濟與環境協調發展的能力和限度。並初步分析了枯水資源承載力的內涵、特性，從水資源的供需方面確立了喀斯特流域枯水資源承載力的指標體系。
  3. Due to the complexity of the structure and control of cycloconverter - type three - phase hf link inverter for soft - switching based on phase - shift - controlled full - bridge mode, a simple and optimized vvvf control strategy is proposed. this control strategy includes : produced pwm by space voltage vector ( svm ) and equivalent carrier frequency fe = 1 / te are introduced into the pdm control of the cycloconverter ; softened equivalent pwm wave is generated at the notches of hf voltage pulses ; the harmonious control between regulating pulse width by phase - shifted angle and regulating voltage of equivalent pwm is to minimize the harmonics content of output voltage of the inverter

    西安理工大學博士學位論文針對這種前級移相全橋軟開關周波變流型三相高頻鏈逆變器結構和控制的復雜性，提出了一種實現簡單而整體優化的vvvf控制策略:將空間電壓矢量產生p姍的方法svm和等效載波頻率fe = 1 / te引入到周波變流器的pdm控制;按高頻電壓脈沖前後沿軟化等效p翎波;用移相調節高頻脈沖寬度和等效p姍調壓協調控制逆變器輸出電壓，在滿足輸出電壓條件下使諧波最小。
  4. The main contents of this paper are following. ( 1 ) the mechanical models of ball bearings are set up by both the quasi - dynamic method and the finite element method in this paper, and then the load distribution of ball bearings is studied. the rules of the contact angle, the deformation, the stiffness and the limit rotational speed in different structure parameters and load parameters are analyzed

    本文圍繞航空發動機高速滾動軸承的力學特性，開展了以下工作: （ 1 ）分別採用擬動力學法和有限元法，建立了滾動軸承力學分析模型，研究了滾動軸承的載荷分佈特性，分析了不同結構參數和載荷參數對其接觸角、變形、接觸剛度和極限轉速的影響規律。
  5. With the computer controlling the output of the digital signals and the analog signals, controls and adjusts startup, stop, turn and rotational rapidity of the transducer - electromotor and the strength of brake actuator ; installs the torque sensor on dynamical axis, and installs the encoder on non - dynamical axis of the dimensional globoidal indexing cam mechanism ; utilizes the virtual instrument language labview development the test and control system, with the computer real - time monitoring, late displays and storages the data of the test, and processes the data and analyses it

    利用計算機控制數字量輸出和模擬量輸出來達到控制和調節變頻電機啟停、轉向、轉速;控制制動器的啟停和加載力;在弧面分度凸輪的加載軸和空軸上安裝扭矩傳感器和編碼器;應用虛擬儀器語言labview開發試驗臺的測控軟體系統，用計算機進行實時監測與事後顯示與存儲，並進行信號處理與分析。
  6. A lot of netizens put forward : if used the microsoft software of pilfer edition, had better not open newer, also do not download installation patch to wrap, won ' t stand so the space of hard disk, also won ' t affect rate

    有很多的網友提出：假如使用了盜版的微軟軟體，最好不要打開更新，也不要下載安裝補丁包，這樣就不會站硬盤的空間，也不會影響速度。
  7. Open graded friction courses ( ogfc ) is a kind of open graded porous asphalt mix designed to drain water on the road face when raining. it has good performance on draining, anti - slide and noise reducing. it is common used in foreign countries from 1980s, while the lack in china because its poor mechanics performance, due to the high pore rate, cannot fit for the heavy traffic load in china

    開級配瀝青磨耗層（ ogfc ）是一種具有相互連通空隙的開級配混合料，具有優良的排水、防滑、降噪等功能，然而該種混合料空隙率達15以上，瀝青用量低，混合料的耐久性和強度會產生一定影響，由於我國高速公路重載、超載嚴重，按國外設計方法設計的ogfc混合料難以滿足路用性能的要求，因此， ogfc在我國高等級公路建設中一直沒有得到推行。
  8. After the discussion of the numerical simulation method based on the fdtd method and the pml technique, the motions of the charges and the electrical field lines were first employed to describe the radiation procedures of the pulse electromagnetic waves. then the causes of how the charges are accelerated and how the motion status of the charges are maintained were further studied from the angle of interaction of charge and field. after these analyses, it was pointed out that the pulse radiation is due to the suddenly occurred time - varying electrical field ( displacement current ) in the open space. this view was further evidenced by two examples : one is the partly resistance loaded antenna, the other is the partly curved antenna. the radiation procedures of the pulse electromagnetic waves of many different situations were simulated throughout this paper with the contours and waveforms of electric field given. these figures are very helpful to the understanding of the radiation mechanism of the pulse electromagnetic waves

    在討論了基於時域有限差分法和完全匹配層技術的數值模擬方法之後，首先從運動電荷和電力線的角度直觀地描述了脈沖電磁波的輻射過程，然後進一步從場與電荷相互作用的角度分析了天線上電荷是如何被加速以及如何維持其運動狀態的，指出了開放空間中突然出現的時變電場（位移電流）是脈沖電磁波輻射的根本原因.文中還對局部電阻加載的天線和局部彎曲的天線進行了研究，以進一步說明上述觀點.對多種情況下的脈沖輻射過程進行了數值模擬，並給出了電場的等高線和空間波形圖，這些圖形對理解脈沖電磁波的輻射機理非常有益
  9. Through comparing and analyzing of bearing capacity, development of crack and strain of reinforced, the results show that the load - deflection plots f or specimens from the finite element analysis agree well with the experimental data, and choosing the rightful stress - strain relationship, utilizing ansys program, the test process can be well simulated. at the same time, making used of the program, the traditional shear wall is analyzed. it shows that comparing with the traditional shear wall, the hollow shear wall ' s cracking load drop 16 %, yield load and failure load drop 13 %, stiffness drop 13 % ~ 22 %

    其次在試驗的基礎上，將試驗手段、有限元數值模擬方法和理論分析結合起來，利用有限元程序ansys對其中的兩片墻板進行非線性有限元分析，並對前後的承載性能，裂縫發展、鋼筋應變進行了比較和分析，結果表明有限元節點模型分析的荷載-位移曲線和試驗測得數據符合良好，選用合理的材料本構模型，利用ansys可以較好的模擬試驗過程；同時利用有限元模型對比分析了普通剪力墻和空心剪力墻，空心剪力墻與普通剪力墻對比，其開裂荷載下降16 ，屈服荷載、極限荷載下降13 ，剛度下降13 22 ，開裂至屈服、屈服至極限荷載階段的剛度衰減規律與普通剪力墻基本一致，空心剪力墻的後期剛度比較穩定。
  10. Speaking in detail, for every specimen, we study the for of the cracking load, yield load and failure load ; the ductility property ; the property of hystersis curvs and keleton - frame curves ; the degree of initial stiffess and stiffness degadation. secondly, the two different suo nlgn use ltslaences ， wmcn are ootll shear wsll sttllctlllt ， are tab6n as instanop the shear ’ wsi is oin 卜 hot8qopo inww 田 l ！ s ot 以 j 口 willo 地 勸 憂 地 epo o odod sqo8qopt solidndls ofr c l w means or0 卜 0nm elemem ana 吹 lsptwtodd ’ mlmwe m 加 柏 mm are d an 邑 以 胡 a ann compcomparen in severm es 叮 wsllcll as scu 一 陽 i 朗 l p 一 ndnd mdede so ess d laterm seimic e anu so on ’ inatty ， tiep 訓 頒 oility of hollow shear wal of rc in d suo ra use reslaences s ant l

    首先研究在低周反復水平加載試驗下試驗對象的強度、變形和能量的特性：開裂荷載、屈服荷載、破壞荷載；各試件的滯回曲線和骨架曲線；延性情況；初始剛度和剛度退化等參數：進而用satwe有限元程序分析對比了某一小高層剪力墻結構在採用空心剪力墻板和採用普通實心剪力墻作為墻體的結構受力異同點，在質量、主振型、剛度、水平地震效應等方面做了對比。
  11. Secondly, considering the complexity of the analysis of inclined - loading pile, nonlinear finite element method is adopted to calculate the internal force and displacement of pile group under inclined loads, with the concept of equivalent width presented to simplify 3d problems into 2d problems. and a program is developed as well, which is able to consider the continuity, elastic - plasticity and layered characteristic of soil around the pile shaft. besides, the interactions among pile, base slab and soil are considered in this program and contact surface element is used to simulate slipping and crazing between pile and soil, or between base slab and soil under loads. then, the non - tension analysis is proposed, to reflect the low - tensile property of soil and concrete

    在此基礎上，針對傾斜荷載下群樁基礎分析中的復雜性，提出採用非線性有限元對傾斜荷載下群樁的內力及位移進行分析，應用樁的等效寬度概念將空間問題簡化為平面問題考慮，並開發出能考慮樁周土介質連續性、彈塑性、分層性等因素的傾斜荷載下群樁內力及位移分析的計算機程序，並在程序中考慮了樁、土、承臺的相互作用，提出了採用接觸面單元來考慮荷載作用下樁與土體及承臺與土體間的滑移、開裂；並在此基礎上，提出了傾斜荷載下群樁基礎的「無拉力」分析方法，可有效地反映土體及混凝土材料的低抗拉特性。
  12. The results show that in the later stage of the nucleation process, the maximum slip velocity is monotonically accelerating ; the slipping hot spot ( where the slip rate is maximum ) migrates spontaneously from a certain instant, and such migration is spatially continuous ; when the maximum velocity reaches a detectable order of magnitude ( at least one order of magnitude greater than the loading rate ), the remaining time is 20 hours or more, and the temporal variation of slip velocity beyond this point may be used as a precursory indicator ; the average slip velocity is related to the remaining time by a log - log linear relation, which means that a similar relation between rate of microseismicity and remaining time may also exist ; when normal stress variation is taken into account, time scale of such processes can be extended by about 2 times

    結果表明，在成核的後期階段：最大位移速率單調加速增加；滑動熱點（最大滑動速率處）在後期階段開始自發性遷移，且在空間上連續；當最大滑動速率達到可以明顯探測的量級時（高於載入速率一個數量級以上） ，倒計時間為20小時或更長一些，這時的速率變化可作為臨震預測標志；平均滑動速率與倒計時間的關系在臨震階段呈對數線性趨勢，由此可推測微震活動增長率與倒計時間同樣存在對數線性關系；正應力的變化對上述時間尺度有延長作用，使之大致增加到原數值的2倍。
  13. Second, engine ' s partial velocity characteristics model and universal characteristics model are built the throttle opening is considered as an essential factor to build the model for reflecting the actual working performance of engine. the situation of the throttle opening change is studied, and a simulation method is given to use torque curved surface and vehicle dynamics equation on base of differential approach method. engine test software is developed for the engine no - load test, variable throttle opening test and throttle step change test

    其次，建立了發動機的部分速度特性模型和萬有特性模型；為了更好的反映發動機的實際工作特性，將油門開度作為一個重要參數參與建模，並對發動機變油門的情況進行了研究；結合轉矩曲面和整車動力學方程，採用微區間逼近法確定了發動機變油門過程模擬方法；開發了發動機試驗測控軟體，利用該軟體進行了發動機空載響應試驗、發動機不同油門開度試驗和油門階躍變化試驗，並對實際試驗數據和數學模型計算數據進行對比；在vc + +平臺上開發了發動機特性模擬模塊，在系統中用軟體實現了變油門控制發動機特性的功能。
  14. In the end, the author used fem to analyze the short - period stiffness after rc cellular slab cracking, and presented recommended formulation in respect of short - period stiffness. moreover, with regard to the features of bi - direction cellular slab, the author brought forward the equivalent cross - section stiffness model to calculate the ultimate load - carrying capacity of variable cross - section slab as well as the related reinforcement suggestions and conformation methods

    最後本文利用有限元分析了鋼筋混凝土空腹板在開裂后的短期剛度，並給出計算其短期剛度的建議公式；另外針對雙向空腹板的特點，本文提出了對這種變截面板進行承載力計算的「等效截面剛度法」模型，並給出了相關的配筋建議及構造措施。
  15. In order to provide specified reference for dividing main - functional zones in china, as well as to supply strategic guidance to implement different regional policy and plan the coordinative sustainable development as a whole in shandong province, this paper attempts to establish the dividing index system of main - functional zone from three aspects according to the basic thinking of the eleventh five - year plan sketch, concretely including the capacity ability of resources and environment, the developing degree and the potential of further development

    摘要根據山東省區域發展情況，參照「十一五」規劃《綱要》提出的主體功能區劃分基本思路，嘗試建立由資源環境承載力、開發密度和發展潛力等因素構成的指標體系，並以山東省17個地市為基本空間單元，運用狀態空間法劃定山東省主體功能區。
  16. The basic design index was : maximum output power 9w, no load consumption < 50 mw, switching frequency 132khz, maximum duty cycle 65 %, thermal shutdown temperature 135. simulation is very important to analog ic design

    該變換器電路的主要設計指標為:最大輸出功率9w ，空載時晶元的功耗低於50mw ，開關頻率為132khz ，最大占空比為65 % ，熱保護溫度135 。
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