第二種應力 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [dìèrzhǒngyīnglì]
第二種應力 英文
stress of the second kind
  • 第 : Ⅰ助詞（用在整數的數詞前 表示次序） auxiliary word for ordinal numbers Ⅱ名詞1 [書面語] （科第） gr...
  • 二 : Ⅰ數詞（一加一后所得） two Ⅱ形容詞（兩樣） different
  • 種 : 種名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  • 第二 : 1. （序數） second 2. （姓氏） a surname
  1. This is so because climbing plants are likely to encounter intensive - changing environmental condition during their growth ( especially change of illumination ). secondly, there is a large proportion ( 30 - 40 % ) of climbing plants which belong to dioecism, and hence a gap between male and female plants on morphology, biological characteristic, economic value and so on. this dissertation focuses on herbaceous climbing plants, perennial or annual species such as dioecious trchosahthes kirilowii maxin and dioscorea opposita thumb, and monoecious luffa cylindrical ( l ) roem, it attempts to discover how climbing plants adapted to various environments and the mechanism of adaptation from aspects of physiological and reproductive ecologies at present, due to overuse of chlorofluorocarbons ( cfcs ), the ozonosphere has become thinner and thinner, and the ultraviolet - b ( uv - b ) radiation has increased considerably

    而攀援植物本身是一類理想的植物行為生態學研究材料：第一，攀緣植物由於受攀緣能力和支柱木資源的限制，在生長過程中通常要遇到強烈變化的環境條件（特別是光照） ；第二，攀緣植物中具有較高比例的雌雄異株類型，通常佔地區攀緣植物種類的30 40左右，不同性別的植物在形態學及生物學特性、經濟價值等方面存在一定的差距，因此，本文以雌雄異株攀緣植物栝樓（ trchosahtheskirilowiimaxim ） （葫蘆科多年生草質藤本植物）和山藥（ dioscoreaoppositathunb ） （薯蕷科薯蕷屬植物） 、雌雄同株異花攀緣植物絲瓜[ luffacylindrical （ l ） roem ] （葫蘆科一年生攀緣草本植物）為材料，試圖從生理生態學及生殖生態學角度揭示攀援植物如何適應不同生境及其機理。
  2. This thesis tries to update the cmdsr system to achieve the characters below : real - time, better robust, higher recognition rate, non - special - man. considering the disadvantages of traditional improved spectrum subtraction speech enhancement, this thesis proposes the theory of fuzzy spectrum subtraction based on the fuzzy theory and improved spectrum subtraction speech enhancement ; as for the difficulties of detecting the endpoint of speech signal, the thesis gives the table of initial and the improved parameters, with which we can confirm the endpoints of mandarin digit speech ; the thesis puts forward two - level digit real - time speech recognition system, the first level is based on discrete hidden markov model which is linear predictive coding cepstrum ( lpcc ) and difference linear predictive coding cepstrum ( dlpcc ), the second level is based on formant parameters ; as for the realization of hardware, the thesis depicts the realization of every part of cmdsr based on the tms320vc5402 in detail ; as for the development of software, the thesis gives the software design flow chart of cmdsr, simulates the basic theory with matlab language and gives the simulation results

    針對傳統的「改進譜相減法語音增強」參數設定單一、環境適應能力差的缺點，提出了一種利用模糊理論和「改進的譜相減法」結合的「模糊譜相減法語音增強」 ;針對語音信號端點檢測困難的特點，通過matlab模擬試驗，給出了能夠準確確定數碼語音端點的初始和改進參數表;提出了利用基於線性預測編碼倒譜參數和差分線性預測編碼倒譜參數相結合的離散隱含馬爾可夫模型進行第一級識別、利用共振峰參數進行第二級識別的兩級漢語數碼語音識別系統，在保證系統實時性的同時，實現連接漢語數碼語音識別系統識別率的提高;在硬體實現上，詳細闡述了基於tms320vc5402的連接漢語數碼語音識別系統各部分硬體設計;在軟體開發上，給出了連接漢語數碼語音識別的軟體設計各部分的流程圖，並對各部分進行了matlab模擬，並給出了模擬結果。
  3. Secondly, the course of transformation in china ' s grass - root shows that political integration by power exclusively uses national power as the main measure of political integration, that the state executes in a sovereignty capacity a simplex " reflexive monitoring " to societies within the " national boundaries ". in order to secure the national power to arrive quickly and effectively at each would - be integrated stage, the state eliminates those tanglesome characteristics of all the integration objects, and regard them as indistinctive abstract existence wanting technical treatment. thus, integration of this kind holds the political community externally, rather than internally and organically

    第二，以中國基層社會為敘述場景的社會轉型歷程表明，國家權力支配型的政治整合排他性地將國家權力作為政治整合的主導手段，國家以主權者的身份對處于「國界」中的社會實施一元化的「反思性監控」 ，並為了保證國家權力能夠迅捷有效地抵達有待整合的各個層面，而消除了一切整合對象的「雜多」個性，將之視為有待技術化處理的無差別的抽象存在，致使這種整合形式只能維系政治共同體的外在統一，而無法實現作為「共同體」應有之義的內在凝聚和有機團結。
  4. This article contains three parts, five chapters. the first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically, analyses the stock on hand, option shares and stock option, the three kind of important incentive models, on rights and incumbencies, value and the incentive guidance by contrast. the second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock, quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock, analyses superiority and inferior position in action, difference and interosculation between them, discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle - small technicalfilms. in order to make use of the technical bonus stock distribution mechanism fully, inspire the talent of technologists, encourage their devotion to films, we have some important discussion on the technical bonus stock distribution policy, introduce the distributed models of technical bonus stock, point out the questions in the excutive course, and offer the solution correspondingly. in the third part, we discuss the technical stock option design on middle - small technical films, and consider the logical thoughtfulness in the course of reanimation as follows : the more outstanding achievement for the powered man the more increase on special target the lower price on technical option premium the more profit the more effective reanimation. in the parameter, a set of detailed program is designed, which includes establishment of incentive fund, institution of merit system for the plan ' s grantors, award of stock option, determination of premium, so as to reduce random in the incentive course, have a great effect on the mormative management for the

    本文內容共分為五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介紹了現行股權激勵方式，對現股、期股和期權這三種重要的激勵方式，從權利義務、價值和激勵導向三個方面進行了對比分析；第二部分探討了技術股權設計的難點和影響因素，討論了我國中小科技企業技術股權激勵的方式，分析它們在激勵中的優勢和不足，以及它們之間的區別與聯系，並對中小科技企業實施技術股權激勵的必要性和意義進行了探討。在文中還重點討論了中小科技企業技術股權分配的策略，介紹了技術股權紅利分配方式，指出在技術股權激勵過程中應注意的問題，並提出相應的解決辦法，目的在於充分利用技術股權分配機制，來激發技術人員潛在的創新能力，激勵他們為企業作貢獻；第三部分著重探討了中小科技企業技術股份期權的方案設計，在激勵方面，按照技術期權獲受人的業績越突出特定的指標增長越快行權價越低獲利越多激勵效果越好的邏輯思路進行考慮；在參數設計方面，對技術期權計劃中激勵基金、授予和考核、行權價格等參數進行了詳細地分析設計，旨在減少技術期權激勵過程中的隨意性，為中小科技企業的規范化管理起到一定的指導和借鑒作用。
  5. Secondly, the core conception of cognitive towards information science is " human as essence ", and bring forward that the information system is one that can boost up and magnify the existence value, ability and specialty of " human ", and provide users a system which is active and unforced, rather than force users to arduously adapt system. thirdly, from the visual angle of cognitive, information - seeking or information - using is a kind of cognitive behavior in essence. fourthly, cognitive style is the development trend of future information retrieve system, it can reveal the thinking - process of users during retrieving on - line, in order to help users to develop their knowledge configuration

    首先，認知觀可集成情報科學的相關領域，從而為形成統一、有效的情報科學提供體系結構；第二，情報學認知觀把「以人為本」作為它的核心觀念，提出情報系統設計的任務是要設計出增強和放大「人」的存在價值、能力和特長的系統，使提供給用戶的情報系統是一種積極自然，而不是要求他們花力氣去適應的系統；第三，從認知角度來看，情報查尋和利用從根本上說是一項認知行為；第四，認知風格將是未來情報檢索系統的發展趨勢，這樣可以揭示聯機檢索過程中的用戶思維過程，以便有助於用戶知識的發展；第五，知識的進化與認知活動有密切關系，人的知識結構對外來信息的吸附、同化、選擇、建構和實現社會化的過程，其實就是知識的進化；第六， 「知識結構」將成為情報學認知觀研究的重點。
  6. Chapter two explain not only the economics and technologic level of wuhan and shenzhen but also the reasons for the technologic level of wuhan are higher than shenzhen but the economics level of wuhan are lower than shenzhen. chapter three analyze the internal and external factors of the economic development of wuhan and shenzhen. on the basis of above three chapters, the last chapter gives out some suggestion on explicating circumstantially the strategy of the economic development of wuhan and those problems in the course of establishing the method of the economic development of wuhan which should be pay attention to and should be avoided

    第一章除論述經濟發展及其模式的概念、類型、應分清的三組概念外，還探討了我國的三種區域經濟發展模式；武漢與深圳在經濟發展水平和科技實力兩方面各有所長，第二章對武漢與深圳經濟、科技進行了比較，並詳盡闡述了武漢科技實力強于深圳但在經濟上卻落後深圳的原因；第三章就經濟發展模式的內在和外在因素，對武漢與深圳經濟發展進行比較分析；聯系前面三章內容，最後一章主要探討武漢發展的優勢、劣勢和原因，詳盡闡述了構築武漢經濟發展模式的策略和在構建武漢經濟發展模式中應避免和注意的問題。
  7. The position and size of the monochromator, focusing curvature radii and tilting angles of the germanium focusing monochromator under different different take - off angle, size and divergency of the second collimator and intensity loss due to the use of it were determined. the neutron flux at different wavelength, under different reflection and take - off angle of the monochromator and divergency of the first collimator, were given. the simulation on the aperture used for limiting beam size in front of the sample showed that, smaller the size of the aperture and further the distance from the aperture to the sample, greater the loss of the intensity and more serious the spread of the beam along vertical direction at the sample position which makes the practical sampling volume greater than expected

    用蒙特卡羅模擬方法對中子應力衍射譜儀的設計方案進行了優化研究，提出了一系列可供參考的數據：確定了單色器的位置、尺寸、垂直聚焦單色器在不同起飛角下的聚焦曲率半徑和傾角；討論了第二準直器的尺寸和發散，以及使用第二準直器造成的強度損失；給出了在不同單色器反射面、起飛角、中子波長和第一準直器發散度的情況下樣品處的中子注量率，以及多種組合情況下譜儀的解析度曲線；對限束方孔的尺寸、距離樣品遠近對強度損失和測量中的影響做了深入研究。
  8. The content of this paper contains : chapter one introduces the basic concepts, developing course, research significance, application foreground and the present research state of other countries in the world. chapter two introduces the structure characteristic and the performances and applications in the areas such as mechanics, physics and chemistry, then analyzes the present state, existing problem and developing trend of nanotubes research. chapter three introduced several synthesis methods and purification methods of nanotubes and nanofibers detailedly. chapter four concentrates on the research of two foreign research groups who use carbon - hydrogen gases flames to produce carbon nanotubes

    論文的主要結構如下：第一章介紹了納米材料科學的基本概念、發展歷程、研究意義、應用前景及世界各國的研究現狀。第二章闡述了碳納米管的結構特徵以及力學、物理和化學等各方面性能和應用，並且分析了碳納米管這種新型碳材料研究目前現狀、存在問題及發展趨勢。第三章詳細介紹了碳納米管和碳納米纖維的幾種傳統制備方法及純化方法。
  9. This paper deals with seismic response of a tunnel - soil system immersed tunnel ， as an underground structure ， must be compatible with the deformation of the surrounding soil thus the simplified model for a tunnel - soil system is established through two steps at the first step ， an mdof system is developed for modeling the foundation soil to this end ， dynamic behavior of the foundation soil is analyzed a typical section of the foundation soil simplified as a single mass - spring system on the basis of some equivalent criteria those mass are linked longitudinally by elastic springs to form an mdof system at the second step ， the tunnel is treated as a beam on elastic foundation ; that is ， the tunnel is connected with the soil massed to form a tunnel - soil system this model has been applied to the seismic analysis of huangsha fangcun immersed tunnel across the pearl river in guangzhou design recommendation is proposed on the basis of this analysis

    研究沉管隧道在地震條件下整體受力的分析方法分兩步建立計算模型第一步通過分析場地地基土切片的動力特性，根據等效原則將其化為等效單質點體系，然後在縱向用等效彈簧連接而成為多質點體系的地基土計算模型；第二步將隧道看作彈性地基梁與上述多質點體系通過等效彈簧連結而得到土隧道體系的計算模型本文結合廣州黃沙芳村珠江水下隧道工程實例建立了具體的計算模型並對多種不同的約束條件，進行了縱向與橫向地震響應時程分析，為該隧道的抗震設計提供依據
  10. The whole thesis was made up of seven parts. the first part provided the background, significance and aims of this research ; the second part briefly reviewed the progress and the trend of the researches about the relative fields at home and abroad, then concluded that the present researches were mainly focusing on mineral cities and the qualitative description of mineral economics, which lack in quantitative analysis and utilized models ; the third part defined mineral region according to two indexes, and discussed the theoretical basis of the economic sustainable development of mineral region ; the fourth part systematically analyzed the current situation of the economic sustainable development of huangling county, emphatically discussed the coincidental relationship between mineral exploitation and economic development as well as the reasons for the recession of mineral economic ; the fifth part, drawing on the experience of transforming industry and renewing economic in mineral cities ( region ) at home and abroad, put forth the foundation train of thought of the economic sustainable development huangling county, and programs and smocks the economic development of huangling county using the method of systematic dynamics, presented the model of the economic sustainable development of counties by comparative analysis of three plans ; the sixth part provided some policed suggestion and measure for the economic susta inable development of huangling county

    全文分為七個部分：第一部分：提出研究的背景、意義與目的；第二部分：簡要回顧了國內外相關領域的研究進展與趨勢，指出當前研究主要集中在礦業城市與礦業經濟的定性描述，缺少定量分析和應用模型；第三部分：依據兩組指標界定礦業區域，探討礦業區域經濟可持續發展的理論基礎；第四部分：對黃陵縣域經濟可持續發展現狀進行系統分析，重點探討了礦產資源開發與經濟發展的耦合關系及其礦業經濟衰退的原因；第五部分：在借鑒國內外礦業城市（地區）產業轉型與經濟新生經驗的基礎上，探討了黃陵縣域經濟可持續發展的基本思路，並運用系統動力學方法對黃陵縣域經濟發展進行規劃與模擬，通過三種方案的對比分析，提出縣域經濟可持續發展模式；第六部分：黃陵縣域經濟可持續發展的政策建議與措施；第七部分：主要結論及進一步研究的問題。
  11. The above algorithm forms a double - two - stage iteration, as following : the results of monte carlo stimulation show that the double - two - stage iteration algorithm is more effective than empirical logistic regression after item and ability parameters recovery study. there are three advantages about the new method : first. the new method can be applied to estimate fewer items ; secondly, a test including fewer unusual response patterns can also be evaluated ; thirdly, the results compared with homogeneous software dealing with 2plm are accepted using mean absolute error as the criterion

    這種新方法有以下三個優點：項目數很少時參數估計的結果也較穩定；能處理測驗中含有少量特殊反應模式（見第二章）的參數估計；以估計值和真值之差的絕對值（平方）的平均值作為估計對真值的修復能力為指標，新方法的參數估計結果與同類流行軟體相比，修復能力不相上下；特別地，新的參數估計方法可以用於多級評分項目gpcm ，並為估計題組項目開辟了另一條道路。
  12. It is indicated that the hydration process of cement - based materials with slag, fly ash and silica fume is different in some degree from that of neat cement because of the difference in mineral structure and hydration mechanism. the periods of accelerating, decelerating and terminating are prolonged and hydration reaction decelerates. the second peak of rate curve of the heat evolution could be divided into two small peaks, which are contributed to the hydration of clinkers and mineral mixtures at the temperature of 30 but when temperature comes to 50, the two small peaks combine into one and the reaction accelerates

    結果表明，與硅酸鹽水泥相比，由於礦物摻合料與水泥熟料在活性和水化機理上的差異，水化歷程有較大的改變：多組分體系誘導期、加速期和衰減期延長，水化反應速率明顯降低；低溫時，水化放熱速率曲線上的第二放熱峰細化成分別對應于熟料和礦物摻合料水化的兩個小峰；高溫時，反應速率加快，雙峰合併；進一步研究發現，摻合料的種類與摻量對水化歷程也有較大的影響；建立了適用於多組分水泥基材料不同水化階段的水化動力學方程。
  13. The discussion of cultural construction mode in baibuting community is developed as following : the first part presents author ' s motivation in carrying out the research, defining some concepts and introducing a few common modes of cultural construction in urban communities. the second part is a detailed description of fundamental ideas and content, advocating the notion of " human oriented, moral centered, law abiding, trying to creating a modern community with the capacity of sustainable development ", introducing its unique homestead culture. the third part sets forth the innovation of community culture construction modes in baibuting community : in order to create a, human - oriented community culture, establish a peaceful and content environment for the socialism ideology, the baibuting community made innovation on community management system ; by the analysis of the occupational statistics and object groups, the author found out that most of residents come from the middle class ; then, the author gives the definition of middle class and its general features in a sociological perspective ; finally, the thesis analyses the characteristics of the community residents " pursuit of culture and the harmonious development of community culture in aspects like value system, consumption habits, cultural needs

    本文通過理論學習，對百步亭花園社區文化建設的模式進行了探索研究，在現狀調查過程中，筆者發現百步亭的社區文化建設之所以成功，除了開發商和物業管理中心的組織建設外，還有小區居民的積極參與合作，三者密不可分，而這又與居民所屬的階層文化訴求密切相關，於是，本文就百步亭社區文化建設模式作了論述，思路如下：文章的第一部分：提出本文研究的緣起，並對一些與本文有關的概念作了界定，還介紹了幾種城市社區文化建設的一般模式；文章的第二部分：介紹百步亭花園社區文化建設模式的基本思想和內容，提出了「以人為本、以德為魂、以法為行，努力創造可持續發展的現代文明社區」的口號，並介紹了其獨具特色的家園文化；文章的第三部分：對百步亭社區文化建設模式的創新作了論述：百步亭社區為了營造以人為本的社區文化，構建社區安居樂業工程，為社會主義思想道德體系提供良好的社會文化環境，在社區管理體制上作了創新；還通過對百步亭社區居民的職業統計，來源群體，分析出其從屬的社會階層主要是社會的中間階層；再次，從社會學角度，定義了中間階層及一般特徵；最後從價值觀、認同感，消費觀念、文化需求等方面，分析了其文化訴求的特徵和與社區文化的協調發展；文章的第四部分：從整合功能和導向功能兩方面總結了百步亭社區文化建設的社會效應；並對百步亭社區文化建設模式的不足提出了意見和建議。
  14. The main reasons are : the first, some characters influencing the risk of driving and the number of accidents that may be happen are not measurable, such as the well - trained degree of the drivers, the concentration degree of the attention during the driving hour, the speed of the reaction and the accuracy of the judgment in the nervous circumstance ; the second, because the classification variables are limited, the measurable characters of the risk are impossible to be contained in these variables ; the third, because of the existence of the moral risk, it very difficult to affirm that the classifying of the policyholders is right

    其主要原因為:第一、一些影響駕駛風險或出險次數的因素是不可度量的。例如駕駛員的駕駛熟練程度，駕駛時注意力的集中程度，在緊張情況下做出反應的速度以及判斷的準確性等;第二、由於分類變量有限，可度量的因素也不可能全部包含在這些變量中;第三、由於道德風險的存在，對投保人的分組很難肯定是正確的。如有的國家的機動車保險中要求投保人告知他們的年行駛里程數，在這種情況下，保險公司很難採取什麼措施避免投保人的故意低估。
  15. In the second methodology, parameterized matrices are taken as the weighting matrices of the quadratic performance index. due to the existence of the relationship between parameterized matrices and control forces, the parameterized coefficients of the weighting matrices can be regarded as the control parameters, and they are taken as one part of the synthesis design variables. since the experimental conditions can not meet the requirement of acoustic measuring, a method based on experiment and simulation analysis is developed

    在第二種方法中，以參數化矩陣作為二次型性能指標中的權矩陣，由於參數化權矩陣與機構控制力之間存在的對應關系，可以將權矩陣的參數化系數作為控制系統參數，與結構設計參數一起同時作為獨立的設計變量，對目標函數進行優化分析。
  16. Article 26 the people ' s government at all levels shall, in accordance with the requirement of economic and social development, set up fire control organizations in multi forms, strengthen construction of fire control organizations and the abilities on fire fighting

    第二十六條各級人民政府應當根據經濟和社會發展的需要，建立多種形式的消防組織，加強消防組織建設，增強撲救火災的能力。
  17. In the fields of fluid dynamics, entropy inequality reflects the second law of thermodynamics. i. e. entropy must increase across shock waves ( a kind of discontinuity ). all kind of approximate schemes should reflect the fact that it must satisfies some kind of discrete entropy inequality ). from the view of practical computation, stability and theo - retical error of any kind discrete schemes all dependend of the smoothness of the solution of ( 0. 2. 1 ). generally, the approximate solution have good stability and theoretial error in the area where the solutions have more regularity and poor stability and theoretial error in other area

    從流體力學來看，它事實上是熱力學第二定理的反映，即熵越過激波（一種間斷）要增加。各種估計格式構造的估計解應反映這一事實，即滿足熵不等式。從實際計算來看，總是通過離散化求解，不考慮計算的積累誤差，它的穩定性與計算精度都依賴與真解的光滑性，一般說，在解較光滑的區域有較好的穩定性與計算精度，而在較粗糙的區域則相反。
  18. This thesis will present a new simple method to calculate the seismic response of the framed structures. this method calculates the effect of the first and second modal vibration. the first modal shear force of every floor distributes according to the shape which is close to the first modal shape

    本論文提出了一種新的計算框架結構地震作用效應的簡化方法，考慮前兩個振型的作用，對于第一振型的各層剪力，按照近似於基本振型的形狀分佈，第二振型各層剪力引用廖河山提出的方法計算，然後用將兩個振型的剪力「平方和開平方」的方法，計算得到各層剪力（總效應） 。
  19. The second one is a method using gray system theory, with which problem of a few samples of measured in - situ stress value could be resolved

    第二種為灰色系統理論方法，用此方法能解決實測地應力值小樣本問題。
  20. Two models for dynamic damage evolution of materials in general anisotropic damage state were presented ; the first one was based on power function of the effective equivalent stress and the second on the damage strain energy release rate

    研究了工程材料在動力載荷下損傷演化的計算模型，提出了一般材料在各向異性損傷狀態下的兩種動力損傷模型。第一種以有效應力的等效值的冪函數為基礎，第二種以損傷應變能釋放率為基礎。
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