等價概念 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děngjiàgàiniàn]
等價概念 英文
equipment coextensive concept
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 念 : Ⅰ動詞1 （看著文字發出聲音; 讀） read aloud 2 （上學） study; attend school 3 （想念; 考慮） think...
  • 等價 : of equal value; equal in value; equivalence
  • 概念 : concept; conception; notion; idea
  1. ( 6 ) there are value analyses on the forming field of cl. the concepts, " the nonprofit cl " and " the anticipant cl ", are set forth. the article systemically discusses the change of the forming field of cl in the mutual change of the value of corporations and loyal customers

    （ 6 ）對顧客忠誠形成區域進行了價值分析，提出了「非盈利顧客忠誠」 、 「期望的顧客忠誠」等概念，並系統地闡述了企業和顧客的價值互動給顧客忠誠形成區域帶來的變化。
  2. In the first part, the thesis defines bilingualism, bilingual teaching and learning, and bilingual education for china ' s ethnic minorities through differentiation and analysis of some basic terms concerned with bilingual education. it maintains that ethnic minorities " bilingual education is a form for minorities " education which takes the existing minorities " bilingualism as the base, and bicultural traditions and knowledge, capacities and values needed in modern society as main educational contents, chinese and a minority language as educational languages alternately

    第一部分通過對現行雙語教育相關概念和術語的闡釋和辨析，對少數民族雙語現象、雙語教學和雙語教育等基本概念進行了界定，筆者認為少數民族雙語教育是以雙語現象為基礎、以雙文化和現代生活必需的知識、能力和價值觀等為教育內容、以雙語教學為主要教育方式，使國家族際語（漢語文）和民族語文有機結合的民族教育形式。
  3. Based on former research relating to customer value, this article first proposes three new concepts, i. e. customer expecting value ( cev ), designed value ( dv ), decisive customer value ( dcv ). then expounds different implication of several fundamental concepts and distinguishes correlation one another such as, customer expecting value ( cev ), customer perceived value ( cpv ), customer perceived cost ( cpc ) and decisive customer value ( dcv )

    在前人有關顧客價值研究的基礎上，本文補充提出顧客期望價值、設計價值和顧客決策價值三個新概念；進一步區別和闡釋顧客期望價值、設計價值和顧客感知價值等基本概念的涵義和相互關系，構建一個融合了cev 、 dv 、 cpv 、 cpc 、 p 、 c 、 ncv 、等多個變量的顧客價值動態分析模型；並概括其基本內涵和潛在意義。
  4. In addition, after comparing traditional civil trust, commercial articles of incorporation and shareholders ’ agreements with corporate chengbao contracts, the author finds the position for corporate chengbao contracts to settle down within the traditional private law system ? articles of incorporation and shareholders ’ agreements. thus both the legal status and legal analysis value of corporate chengbao contracts are affirmed

    並通過與傳統民事的委託關系、商事的公司章程、股東協議等法律概念的比較分析，為公司承包合同找到了它與傳統私法的契合點? ?公司章程、股東協議，進而肯認了公司承包合同的法律地位和分析價值。
  5. And the paper presents the concepts about conjunctive relation and equivalent relation among facets

    同時提出了面片之間的連結關系和等價關系的概念。
  6. The paper describes isn as a nonlinear dynamic complexity system, and with self - organization characteristics. next, the paper constructs the structural model of ecological industrial chain by imitating the producer, consumer and decomposer in natural ecological system, and analyses the resources flow from the viewpoint of value chain. based on the theory of byproduct exchange, the paper put forwards four kinds of operation model of isn, and analyze them hi detail by using of the case study

    模仿自然生態系統中的生產者、消費者和分解者構建生態產業鏈結構模型，從價值鏈角度分析了其中的資源流動；提出了生態產業鏈活性因子的概念，並運用這一概念對生態產業鏈的形成機理進行分析；基於副產品交換的特點，提出四種工業共生網路運作模式：依託型共生網路，平等型共生網路，嵌套型共生網路和虛擬型共生網路；通過對工業共生網路中資源流動的分析，揭示了副產品交換規律。
  7. In the third section, we give the concept of a p - disjunctive regular * - semigroup and discuss some characteristions of a p - disjunctive regular * - semigroup

    首先引入正則~ * -半群是p -析取的概念，然後研究其若干等價刻畫。
  8. The first part talks about the conception, the characteristics and the theoretic basis of the appraisal right. in this paper, the appraisal right of the dissentient shareholders is a right of the shareholders, whose benefit is not met by the decision of the meeting of the shareholders, to sell his shares to the corporation or the shareholders whose benefit is met by the foregoing decision at a reasonable price

    本文從該制度的概念、特徵、由來和發展、適用范圍、適用程序、公平價格的含義和確定方法以及該制度的例外情形等方面對該制度作了較為系統的研究，並結合我國的立法現狀提出了完善我國異議股東股份收買請求權制度的立法建議。
  9. Abstract : based on the principle of mininmum potential and using rayleigh - ritz method, the geometric non - linear analysis of higher bridge piers was solved in this paper. the new concept of equivalent horizontal force proposed by the author may be casily to calculate the second effect, which was produced due to the vertical forces and resisted by the piers and rubber pad bearings incorporately. the simple formula in this paper are applicable to calculate by hand, understood clearly without computation of successive iteration, higher precision and graspable easily for the disigmer therefore it has the practical significance

    文摘:根據最小勢能原理，用瑞雷-里茲法解決了高橋墩的幾何非線性分析問題；其次，提出了等效水平力的新概念，可以方便地解決橋墩和板式橡膠支座聯合抵抗垂直力所產生的二次效應問題.筆者提出適合於手算的簡便計算公式，概念明確，勿須迭代運算，精度較高，易為設計人員掌握，因此具有實用價值
  10. Now, lots of researchers have switched to customer value to find the reasons, but also, what ’ s the difference between customer value and customer perceived value, whether the customer perceived value has a direct influence on the customer repurchase intention is still inexplicit

    於是學者開始研究新的影響顧客重購意向或行為的因素，顧客價值得到了越來越多的關注，但顧客價值及顧客感知價值等概念的區別，顧客感知價值與顧客重購意向間關系等問題仍沒有得到很好的闡釋。
  11. From the equivalence relations, a minimal form is defined and a minimization algorithm of the mealy type of fuzzy finite automata is obtained. in chapter 3, a fuzzy finite automata with a fuzzy initial state that was first considered by m. mizumoto, j. toyota and k. tanaka in 1969 is introduced. based on the mizumoto type of fuzzy finite automata, a statewise equivalence relation is considered

    在第三章中，我們首先介紹了一類有模糊初始狀態的模糊有限自動機- mizumoto型模糊有限自動機，然後定義了兩種狀態等價和兩種模糊有限自動機等價的概念，接著證明了對于每一個mizumoto型模糊有限自動機，都存在一個與之等價的狀態最小化模糊有限自動機，並且給出了一個狀態最小化約簡演算法及其演算法終止條件。
  12. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  13. The common characteristic of the traditional theories about the act researches is researching the concept of act in criminal law with the restrained thinking way of monism, i. e. onefold factual, onefold valued, or fact - value integrative methodology, which result in that it can not explain some especial act forms in the criminal laws, that it only explain those narrowly but can not withstand careful analysis, or that it only extends to explain all kinds of act forms, which does not accord with the daily thinking manners. this paper recognizes and redefines the concept of act in the research of the criminal law based on the suspicion and consideration of research methodology, in a fact - value segregative dualistic thinking way, in relation to analyse and comprehension of characteristic of some special act forms, such as " holding ", " omission "

    傳統的行為理論的研究都有這樣一個共同的特點，即局限於一元論的思維方式，以單純事實的，單純價值的，抑或事實? ?價值一體化的方法論，來研究刑法理論中的「行為」概念，結果導致要麼是無法解釋刑法上特殊的行為形式，要麼只是表面上牽強附會卻經不起深入推敲，要麼僅追求能有張力地解釋各種行為方式卻脫離了人們認識的思維習慣。本文正是基於對研究方法的質疑和反思，採用事實? ?價值分離的二元論思維方式，結合分析理解「持有」 、 「不作為」等刑法中特殊行為形式的特徵，重新認識和界定了刑法理論研究中的「行為」概念。
  14. In fact, the emergence of management theories that maintain customer satisfaction and customer loyalty was due to the intensive competition market environment and the basic element of the corporations " exist, in which the " the basic element " refers to the customer satisfaction. this paper starts from the customer perspective stressed by michael porter and robert woodruff introduces the customer value concept, generalizes and relines the customer value characteristics, and demonstrates that customer value is the most important source of competitive advantage

    本文從邁克爾?波特和woodruff等人所強調的顧客視角出發，在引入顧客價值概念和對其本質特徵進行概括和提煉的基礎上，論證了顧客價值是競爭優勢最重要的源泉，並以此為理論基礎，在借鑒已有的研究成果的基礎上提出了一些基於顧客價值理論提高飯店競爭力的策略。
  15. According to the history and contemporary condition of the world wine industry and the character of chinese grape wine industry, guofeng ' s marketing environment and the company ' s inner superior and inferior situation were analyzed. the questions of guofeng ' s marketing were found and listed. then the paper put forward the marketing strategy for guofeng company according to 4ps, 4cs, 4rs and integration marketing theory : to reselect gansu middle market as its target market and relocate its marketing position by its unique location and green products concept, to richen its middle product - line, to strengthen wine culture promotion, and to build sale place

    論文主要運用現代營銷理論，採取市場調查法、文獻查閱法、 swot分析法等研究方法，結合世界葡萄酒行業發展的趨勢和中國葡萄酒消費市場的特徵，分析了國風干紅的市場營銷環境、公司內部的優、劣勢資源條件及其營銷現狀和存在的問題，運用傳統的4ps營銷理論並結合4cs 、 4rs營銷理論以及整合營銷理論，提出國風公司應選擇甘肅葡萄酒中端市場為其目標市場，以獨特的產地優勢和綠色產品概念為國風品牌定位，向市場提供高品質中價位的產品。
  16. As well, many related basic theories among criminology, criminal law science, criminal policy, victimology and so on, are commented through the research. in the introduction, considering on the common ideas in the circles and the needs to theoretical development, some fundamental concepts are re - defined : criminal facts is not equal to crime, criminal counter - measures is not equal to penalty. instead, crime and penalty are included

    在緒論中，基於學界現有的認識和理論發展的內在需要，筆者對論文中涉及的幾個基礎概念進行了界定:刑事不等於犯罪，也不等於刑罰，而是包含兩個基本方面:刑事事實（包含犯罪事實）和刑事對策（包含刑罰對策） ;另外，筆者還對本文的基本思路、基本內容和理論價值作了初步說明。
  17. By way of c - d ' s function model, using the data envelopment analysis ( dea ) methods, combining concept of equivalent efficient section, the aid of computer optimization and statistics software spss, the author establishes the benefit - measured model of industry - technological advance, quantitatively analyse the industry - technological advance contribution ratio of fujian, carries the comparison analysis with typical provinces in the eastern of our country and approaches the effect ways to promote technological advance of fujian

    同時在c - d函數模型的基礎上，運用數據包絡分析方法（ dea ） 、結合等效益面概念，藉助計算機優化、統計軟體spss ，建立工業技術進步績效評價模型，定量測算福建工業技術進步貢獻率，並與我國東部典型省市進行比較分析，探討促進福建工業技術進步的有效途徑。
  18. On the base of analysis of hydrologic geology from aquifer distribution, boundary conditions and dynamic characters etc. in the research area, the paper sums up the hydrologic geologic condition, builds up the conceptual model of groundwater resource evaluation and presents 2d calculation model, as well as numeric solution and computing flow chart. after introducing general solutions of mathematic models and implementation method of rectangular grid, the paper realizes the automatic technique of spatial dispersion rectangular grid of evaluation models based on gis. finally, the paper fulfills the integration of gis with groundwater resource evaluation models from gis - based basic management information, spatio - temporal dispersion of models, definition of subprogram and visual evaluation of parameters, as well as models simulation etc., and visualizes the results of evaluation models

    論文以地下水超采?地下水降落漏斗?地面沉降現象較為嚴重的常州、武進地區作為研究評價區域，在對評價區域的含水層分佈、邊界條件和動態特徵等水文地質條件分析的基礎上，概化了其水文地質條件，構建了相應的地下水資源評價概念模型與數學模型，並給出其數值解法和相應的計算流程；論文在介紹數學模型的兩種常用數值解法和模型空間離散的矩形網格生成技術的基礎上，實現了基於gis的評價模型空間離散矩形網格的自動生成；最後，論文從基於gis的評價模型基本信息管理、模型空間時間離散方法、子程序包與模型計算參數可視化賦值、模型的擬合等方面實現了gis與評價區域的地下水資源評價模型的集成，並將模型評價結果可視化。
  19. At first, it establishes the net and tree indexes system of performance appraisal and some new concepts of performance measure, coordination measure and continuity measure. then it interprets basic indexes of various subsystems of green marketing and the logical relations between these indexes. at last, it discusses the integrative appraisal model of index system based on net and tree structure, and develops the appraisal methods and models of developing, continuing and coordinating performance of green marketing

    主要內容包括：建立了綠色營銷績效評價的網狀和樹形指標體系；提出了績優度、發展度、協調度和持續度等新概念；描述了綠色營銷的綜合指標和基礎性指標；剖析了各種指標間的邏輯聯系；研究了基於網狀結構和樹形結構評價指標體系的集成評價模型、評價步驟和評價思路；提出綠色營銷的發展績效、持續績效和協調績效的評價方法和模型。
  20. Chapter 5 shows how to applying the dea method and the rule promoted in chapter 4 to analysis by using the example of how fixed assets affecting industry economics in 1999. at the same time, the thesis brings forward new concepts such as input redundancy ratio and output inefficiency ratio

    第五章運用dea方法分析1999年省市固定資產投資對工業經濟的影響，演示了如何應用dea方法及第四章提出的新準則進行評價分析，同時還提出了投入冗餘率、產出不足率等新概念。
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