經濟約束 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jīngjìyāoshù]
經濟約束 英文
economic constraints
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 束 : Ⅰ動詞1 （捆; 系） bind; tie 2 （控制; 約束）control; restrain Ⅱ量詞（用於捆在一起的東西） bundle;...
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  • 約束 : keep within bounds; restrain; bind; bound; boundage;tie; restraint; restriction; engagement; repr...
  1. Restraint should not be operated in business cycle

    它不應受經濟周期運行的約束。
  2. Under the media system, if the media body " risk " of choosing immoral conduct surpasses the " income ", the ethics problems of the media will reduce consumedly

    其中，傳媒政治經濟制度的失衡和傳媒倫理制度的有效供給不足或約束軟化，是傳媒倫理問題得以存在和延伸的主要制度學成因。
  3. As a kind of endogenic phenomenon of progressive reform, the reasons of financial dilemma lie in financial preference of nationalization and soft budget restriction of state - owned enterprises, asymmetric information and the rate which is not decided by market transaction, and the actual ownership - discrimination of stock market and bond market

    作為漸進改革的一種內生現象，民營經濟的金融困境源於「國有化」金融偏好與國有企業預算軟約束，信息不對稱與利率非市場化，以及股票市場與債券市場事實上的「所有制」歧視。
  4. An endogenous economic growth model with restriction of exhaustible resource

    資源約束下的一類內生經濟增長模型
  5. At the same time, in order to get adapted to the market change, improve the competitiveness, reinforce the cohesiveness and maintain the upswing trend, cec should take effective measures, such as to accept new idea and develop the managers " awareness of competitiveness ; reform the selecting and appointing mechanism ; establish a sound compensation system ; improve consumption for the position ; break the dominance of state - owned shareholders on the stock market and improve corporate governance structure ; reinforce the financial supervision on the corporation ; make a full use of restraint effect of competitiveness and reputation mechanism ; build various " golden parachutes "

    與此同時， cec在企業經營者激勵與約束方面應採取針對性的措施，通過轉變觀念，樹立市場經濟的競爭意識和產權意識；改革企業經營者的選拔任用方式，積極推進企業經營者管理的市場化進程、建立科學合理的薪酬體系、規范職位消費，實行職位消費貨幣化、調整股權結構，實現投資主體多元化，健全公司法人治理結構、加強企業財務監控和內部制度建設、充分發揮市場競爭機制和聲譽機制對企業經營者的激勵約束作用、設計各種形式的「金色降落傘」等措施的實施，適應市場變化，提高企業核心競爭力，增強企業的凝聚力，保持事業的長盛不衰。
  6. The institution from the view of the new institutional economics is the behavior regulation, standard, stable habitude or ideologies which can constraint, encourage and coordinate the transaction relationship between human

    新制度經濟學意義下的「制度」是指約束、激勵或協調人與人之間交易關系的行為規則、規范、穩定的習俗習慣或意識形態。
  7. The hawke - keating years were followed by a conservative government led by john howard, who pressed ahead with another wave of economic modernisation

    「霍克-基廷」時期結束后，是約翰?霍華德領導的保守政府，他推動了又一波經濟現代化浪潮。
  8. Using the frame of the economics of new institutional economics, this paper analyzes the following problems from the point of system : efficiency and intenerate supervise mechanism of personal life agent system and system change of it in our insurance market

    本文採用新制度經濟學的分析框架，從制度的角度對個人壽險代理制度激勵機制的效率問題和監督機制約束的軟化問題以及它在國內保險市場的變遷進行了分析。
  9. During the research of this paper, the author try to find out the institutional evaluationary theory, the transition theory and the reasonable part of policies of the northeast district transition, and make the research rooted in the actuality relatively lagging of the development and transition of the economy in the northeast district. this paper creates the theoretical framework and countermeasures of the integration of internality transition mechanism and institutional evaluationary and aim at the theoretical proposition of the northeast district transition mechanism, fully studies informality restrict mechanism as culture concept, market structure evaluationary mechanism and state - own enterprises in the northeast district, which make the paper innovative and instructive both in theory and in practice

    在本文研究過程中，深入挖掘制度演化理論、經濟轉軌理論以及東北地區轉軌政策的合理成分，並且將論文的研究深植于東北地區經濟轉軌相對滯后的現狀及其原因之中，在此基礎上系統提出了經濟轉軌內在機理的制度演化一般性分析框架及其針對東北地區轉軌機理的理論命題，完整研究了東北地區文化觀念等非正式制度約束機理、東北地區市場結構演化機理和東北地區國有企業改革演化機理。
  10. The author analyses and appraises the intervenient patterns and effects of china ' s central bank ' s exchange intervenient practice from 1994, and finds out the difficulties, such as the institutional restriction, the intervenient means and the conflicts between exchange intervenient practice and internal economic policy, and describes the countermeasures to these difficulties

    並從外匯干預的制度約束、干預工具品種單一、外匯干預與國內經濟政策的沖突等多角度分析了央行外匯干預的難點，針對干預中的問題與難點提出對策。
  11. In economic optimization problems the variables involved are almost always subject to certain constrains.

    在經濟學最優化問題中所含的變量差不多總是帶有某種約束條件。
  12. By analyzing and studying the theory and practice difficulties of implementing eso motivation in domestic enterprise, and referring the essential character of the enterprise, especially the state - owned ones, the study suggest that the key point of theory and practice of designing motivation mechanism is property right system which need to establish modern enterprise system based on perspicuity of property right, that the key joint of designing and implementing eso is setting up the reasonable examination system for solving both the lack of incentive and restrict, recommending eva method as the performance examination system, and that the considerable relation of present and further for operating eso is connecting the short term incentive coming from the enterprise with the long term motivation from stock market

    分析和研究了中國企業實施期權激勵的理論與實施難點，結合我國企業特別是國有企業的本質特徵，提出了我國企業激勵機制設計的理論與實踐的結合點是產權制度，必須深化和加快建立以產權明晰為基礎的現代企業制度；指出了建立既解決激勵不足又完善約束機制的科學合理的考核制度是我國企業實行期權激勵的設計和實施的結合點，推薦採用經濟增加值法作為我國企業實行股票期權激勵的企業價值或業績考核體系；論述了改變公司經營者報酬結構，將以會計盈餘為基礎的短期激勵與以市場價值為基礎的長期激勵相結合是我國企業實行期權激勵的現實和未來的結合點。
  13. In this thesis, the met hods of comparison research, qualitative analysis and the combination of positive philosophy and standardized research, the theories of economics and management are used to make systematic and comprehensive analysis of the agency - principal system of soe based upon the research results of the theories and the borrowing and absorbing the advanced thoughts of the theories of modern agency - principal system of the western countries according to characteristics of china ' s enterprises and situations of china, and to make a deep and detailed research of the key issues of the incentive and restriction mechanism of operators

    現代企業的公司制度是以所有權和經營權相分離為基礎的委託代理制度。本文採用比較研究、定性分析、實證研究和規范研究相結合的方法，利用經濟學和管理學的理論與方法，在前人大量研究的基礎上，借鑒和吸收西方現代公司委託代理理論的先進思想，針對我國國有企業的特點和國情，對國有企業經營者的激勵約束機制進行了系統、全面地分析。
  14. The 4lh part is the innovation and conclusion of the dissertation. it puts forward freshly three aspects on the base, precondition and circumstance of risk prevention, especially researches for the risk foundations - " transition period " and hinese characteristic market economy ". it brings out five entries to risk prevention : retortion of the direction of macroscopically adjustment, market financing, system innovation, the decentralization and recombination of the state property right, reformation of organizational system in the state commercial bank and the establishment of inspiritment - obligation system

    第四章是全文的創新和結論部分，通過對風險防範的基礎、前提條件和環境三方面的創新論述，特別是對「轉軌時期」和「中國特色的市場經濟」兩個風險基礎的研究，提出了風險防範的五個切入點：扭轉宏觀調控方向、市場觸資制度創新、國有產權的分散重組、改革國有商業銀行組織制度和激勵? ?約束機制的建立。
  15. In the final part, aiming at the problems that exist in status replacement of employees of state - owned, the writer brought forward some solutions to these problems and pointed out that china should both consistently boost transformation of state - owned enterprises and guarantee the basic rights for the employees of transformed enterprises by intensifying restriction of law to realize unmerciful transformation and merciful operation and practically settle the troubles back at home for the employees and accordingly achieve the original intention of transforming the state - owned enterprises, keeping the society to be stable and boosting economic development

    文章最後部分，針對國企職工身份置換存在的問題，提出了解決這些問題的建議，並指出我國既要堅定不移地推動國企改制，又要通過加強法律的約束以保障改制企業職工基本權益，實現無情置換有情操作，切實解決職工的后顧之憂，從而實現國企改制保持社會穩定、促進經濟的發展的初衷。
  16. 3. main problems on labor cost of our county enterprises of our country have experienced a long period of low economic benefits and inefficient administration lack of veracious statistics and effective restraint on labor cost

    三、我國人工成本方面的主要問題由於以前沒有建立人工成本數據的統計，更談不上企業對人工成本的管理，致使企業管理長期處在管理水平低下、成本缺乏有效約束，經濟效益不高的局面。
  17. Hong kong, may 1 - 5, 2001, pp. 221 - 229. 13 jiang y, fang b x, hu m z. techniques in mapping router - level internet topology from multiple vantage points. in lecture notes in computer science 3320, liew k m, shen h, see s et al

    通常，可以認為internet選路原理網路部署實施的層次結構以及經濟約束有助於輔助推斷路由器的地理位置，因此，這里所提出的9條輔助推斷規則就是基於這些因素來推斷路由器的地理位置。
  18. The constraints imposed by the institutional framework ( together with the other standard constraints of economics ) define the opportunity set and therefore the kind of organizations that will come into existence

    有制度框架所施加的約束（連同其他標準的經濟約束）決定了機會集合未來組織的性質。
  19. But the institution has some maladies, such as, some limits of traditional economy ( institutional environment ), which ca n ' t facilitate the emerging and development of the industrial revolutio n. the institution of land contract goes back to the path that grants the peasants the long - term rights of using land and gaining from land. it releases some limits of traditional agriculture economy, promoting the efficiency of resource deposition, advancing the increase of rural economy, helping vast rural areas to solve the problem of dressing warmly and eating their fill

    但小農經濟這種約束條件（制度環境）不利於農地產權制度的完善，也就不利於市場化工業經濟的產生和發展。土地承包制的制度創新復歸了使農民有長期的土地使用權和收益權的路徑依賴軌跡，降低了小農經濟約束程度，提高了資源配置效率，促進了農村經濟增長，使廣大農民解決了溫飽問題。
  20. Based on theoretical analysis and evidences from reality, the author achieved three basic conclusions. firstly, although the direct cause responsible for amending chinese constitution is the policy change of the chinese communist party ( ccp ), the constitutional protection for the individual economic activities led to the re - allotting of the property right between the state and the society, and bred two great changes of the relationship of state - society : the shrinkage of the control areas of the state over the society and the enhancement of economic constraints of the society on the state

    通過研究我們發現，盡管修憲的直接動力和現實目的是適應執政黨和國家的政策調整，但以個體經濟入憲為起點，憲法對社會資源所有權在國家與社會之間的重新調整，引發了國家與社會關系發生了兩種看似矛盾的重大轉變，即國家對社會控制范圍的收縮和社會對國家經濟約束力的增強，進而推動了公民權利意識的覺醒，促進了多元權利社會的興起。
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