經濟集中制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jīngjìjízhōngzhì]
經濟集中制 英文
economic concentration
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 集 : gatherassemblecollect
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  • 集中 : concentratecentralizefocusamassgroupmassingput togather
  1. It was restaurant industry graven topic that that of that of from input / output angle said, how advance restaurant kernel ability to compete, with the purpose of advance business economic benefit, as soon as possible brought return, accelerating demonetization end, abaft experience know clearly near twenty year stodgy state look forward to reform mechanism, our state hotel industry be around by babyhood trend maturity, by seller ' s market trend buyer ' s market, such transit should make part rational consumer enjoy to good value for money, too brought ought to part superficial restaurant taste to inevitable ; the government owned restaurant at multinational restaurant bloc and civilian battalion restaurant enterprise " dual impact down, calendar by know clearly reform of monetary system cum bank commercialization, market open cum solution control, market cum competitive mechanism three phase, owing to planned economy belated issues, structure irrationality wrought a matter of and overlapping investment wrought a matter of wait threefold cause, make government owned restaurant at market competition middle gradualness forfeiture competitive edge, in progression appearance hot water, how advance government owned hotel competitive power a matter of, toward me state tourism possess strong operation significance, hunan lotus hotel namely same family pole tool on government owned three stars level hotel behalf of the for the last years, by way of hotel industry occupy quite specific gravity

    從投入產出的角度講，如何提高飯店核心競爭能力，以達到提高企業經濟效益，盡快產生回報，加速貨幣回籠的目的，是飯店業嚴肅的話題。在經歷了近二十年步履艱難的國企改革歷程后，我國飯店業已開始由幼稚走向成熟，由賣方市場走向買方市場，這種轉變將使得部分理性的消費者享受到物有所值，也使部分膚淺的飯店品嘗到必然的失敗；近十年來，作為飯店業占相當比重的國有飯店在跨國飯店集團和民營飯店企業的雙重沖擊下，歷經了金融體制改革及銀行商業化、市場開放及解控、市場及競爭機制三個階段，由於計劃經濟遺留下來的問題、結構不合理造成的問題和重復投資造成的問題等三方面的原因，使得國有飯店在市場競爭中逐漸喪失競爭優勢，相繼出現困境，如何提高國有飯店競爭力的問題，對於我國旅遊業具有強烈的現實意義，湖南芙蓉賓館就是一家極具代表性的國有三星級飯店。
  2. According backdrop is reform property right system of forestry in this paper, so we discuss the drive settle new circs, furthermore inaugurate design some reform measurements for establishing commercial forestry agora about property right system, base of economy, base casing of commercial forestry agora and so on

    摘要以集體林權制度改革所引發的經濟基礎的變革為背景，以商品林市場化的基本構思來推動解決林業產權改革中所出現的新情況，對商品林市場化的經濟基礎、基本框架等進行思考和創新性設計。
  3. Vsp is both a pivotal tache in logistic distribution optimization and indispensable in electronic commerce. it can increase logistic economic benefit and realize logistic rationalization. the systemic study on the theory and method of vsp is the base on the growth of logistic intensivism, the establishment of modem chain of command, the development of its and ec. now, the problem is not only applied to the field of auto transportation, but also to ship avigation communication electricity industry management computer application etc. the algorithm has been applied into many combinatorial optimization problems such as the trainman ' s shift arrangement in avigation the optimization design of cargo arrangement in ship company

    對貨運車輛進行調度優化，可以提高物流經濟效益、實現物流科學化。對貨運車輛調度優化理論與方法進行系統研究是物流集約化發展、建立現代調度指揮系統、發展智能交通運輸系統和開展電子商務的基礎。目前，問題的形式已有很大發展，該問題以不僅僅局限於汽車運輸領域，在水運、航空、通訊、電力、工業管理、計算機應用等領域也有一定的應用，其演算法已用於航空乘務員輪班安排、輪船公司運送貨物經過港口與貨物安排的優化設計、交通車線路安排、生產系統中的計劃與控制等多種組合優化問題。
  4. The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man

    本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。
  5. In this section, applying the method, from abstract to specific and from history to present, it analyzes the operation mechanism of urbanization economy affected by market mechanism ; puts forward four theories of urbanization economy from economic perspective, including agriculture surplus and comparison advantage ; non - agricultural industry ; agglomeration economy and spillover effect, on this basis of the theories, it, on one hand, analyzes two kinds of internal mechanism in the chronologic operation of urbanization economies : increasing mechanism of urbanization economies in urban output industry ; and changing mechanism from specialization to integration, which are the representations of the evolution of " mart " development ; on the other hand, it analyzes two internal mechanism of dimensional operation of urbanization economy : internal spatial enlargement mechanism of urbanization economies from monocentric city to multi - center city, and external spatial enhancement mechanism which represents city - regionalization and city - chain connection, the later two mechanism represent the evolution of " polis " development

    這一部分，按照由抽象到具體和由歷史到現代的研究方法，分析了市場機製作用下的城市化經濟運行機理，從經濟學角度提出了農業剩餘與比較優勢、非農產業、聚集經濟、外溢效應四大城市化經濟定理；在此基礎上，一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿時間增長的兩個內在內容提要機制:城市輸出產業的城市化經濟增長機制和從專業化到綜合化的城市性質變遷機制，它們主要表現為「市」發展的延續;另一方面分析了城市化經濟運行沿空間增長的兩個內在機制:從單中心到多中心的城市化經濟運行的內部空間擴展機理和表現為城市區域化、城市連綿體的城市化經濟運行的外部空間擴展機理，它們主要表現為「城」發展的延續。
  6. His research interests have included property rights, transaction costs, economic organization in history, a theory of the state, the free rider problem ; and have focused on the formation of political and economic institutions and the consequences of these institutions on the performance of economies through time. that research was published by cambridge university press in institutions, institutional and economic performance

    諾斯教授的研究興趣遍及產權、交易成本、歷史上的經濟組織、政體論、搭便車等問題，並集中研究政治和經濟制度的形成，以及這些制度對經濟表現的長遠影響，研究結果由劍橋大學出版社出版成書，題為《制度、制度的變革與經濟表現》 。
  7. In the 20 years of reform and opening, shandong peninsula is the typical area in china with rapid economic development. the transition of second and third industr ies has achieved periodical success, but are facing fundamental structural and in stitutional confilects at present. the paper analyses the status in quo, advantage s and disadvantages of the transition, discusses the trends and rational patterns, and put forward the countermeasures of the transition. the author attempts to us e economic functions analyzing two kinds of develop patterns so as to compare th eir advantages. the paper strengthened the importance of labor intensified indust ry which is often ignored ; find out the key point of the transition of capital in tensified industry, extraverted economy and the third industry ; integrating the development rules of industry and region, bring forward the method of “ choosing priority, half step and walk faster ” for the growth of knowledge economy which is widely noticed recently

    山東半島是改革開放20年來區域經濟發展較快、在國內具有典型意義的地區，該區二三產業的轉型已取得初步成果，但仍面臨突出的結構性和體制性矛盾.本文分析了山東半島二三產業轉型的現狀、利弊條件，探討了轉型的趨勢和適宜模式，最後提出了對策和措施.文中嘗運用柯布?道格拉斯方程進行兩種發展模式的對比分析以辨別利弊，強調了常為人忽視的勞動密集型產業的作用，論述了發展資本密集型產業、外向型經濟及第三產業的重點，結合產業和區域發展規律，對近來廣受關注的知識經濟的發展提出了「選擇重點、小步快走」的觀點
  8. Before the reforms, the chinese railway industry was highly centralized, main artery and half - militarized. it is a model of our country ' s traditional planned economic system, which lacks effective competition of government monopoly

    改革開放以前，我國鐵路運營與管理體制是以高度集中、大動脈和半軍事化為特點的，是我國傳統的政府壟斷型缺乏有效競爭的計劃經濟體制的典型。
  9. This dissertation describes the present rusult of the theoretic researches on harbor & navigation economy system during the course of the constriction of international shipping center of shanghai. aimed at the research goal, combinational theory of competitive advantage is developed in this dissertation. which combines the theory of common competitive advantage combines the conglomerate economy, regional advantage and other concerned theories to analyze domino effect of finance, trade and economy caused by harbor & navigation industry in the center city ; the advantage theory of balanced game, which mainly studies how to achieve an effective result of balanced game among every parties, puts more emphasis on the research of collaboration and negotiation that have collective advantage to analyze the relationship between competition and collaboration among different harbor owners under different operating circumstances ; the advantage theory of the reciprocal d evelopment of the harbor and the ambient area is an important paresis, not only can it accomplish its own development goal but can also offer some developing opportunities for its counterparts and the two will endeavor together to construct the international shipping center

    本文在總結前人研究成果的基礎上，概述了上海國際航運中心建設中有關港航經濟系統的理論研究現狀，並針對本文的研究目標提出了競爭優勢組合理論，分別是一般競爭優勢理論? ?結合了集聚經濟、區位優勢等相關理論，以此來分析港航產業在金融、貿易、經濟中心城市的集聚經濟效應；均衡博弈的優勢理論? ?主要研究如何在各種利益團體之間達成一種有效的均衡博弈結果，側重於對合作博弈、協商機制等具備集體優勢的研究，以此來分析港口利益主體之間在不同經營環境下（民營化前後）的競協博弈關系；港區（港口與區域）互動發展的優勢理論? ?港口與區域的互動發展是國際航運中心建設的重要前提，雙方基於良性循環的共同發展在滿足自身發展目標的同時也為對方提供了發展機遇，並共同為國際航運中心的建設而作出努力。
  10. Within parts of the developing world, resentments against the developed world have fed an ideological sullen solidarity of shortsightedness focused on objectives such as confiscation of wealth, obligatory and non - economic transfers of technology, statist principles, strangling regulation of capital, and protectionism

    發展中世界的一些國家對發達世界的怨恨導致了一種意識形態上的灰暗的短淺目光，著眼點放在沒收財富、強制性和非經濟手段的技術轉讓，實行國家集權原則，對資本的扼殺性控制以及保護主義。
  11. On the basis of summarizing the present researches and applications on bioenergy utilization technologies, this thesis focuses attention on experimental and applied research on biomass gasification technology. as a key thermochemical conversion technology, the novel pyrolysis technology in this thesis can produce mcv fuel gas, which undoubtedly keeps harmony with the status quo of rural economy and characteristics of biomass resources in china

    本文在綜述國內外有關生物質能源化利用技術（主要是熱化學轉換中的氣化工藝）的基礎上，圍繞生物質熱解氣化集中供氣系統的攻關項目，針對我國農村經濟發展現狀及生物質資源特點，對適合我國農村應用的熱解制取中熱值可燃氣技術進行了詳細的試驗及應用研究。
  12. The matrix of time and space for development of hydrogen energy system in china will instruct this work comprehensively, scientifically and objectively ; for beijing case and from all the aspects of energy, environment and economy, the best plan of hydrogen energy system about fuel cell vehicles is : hydrogen is produced by natural gas steam reforming in the central factory, then transported to the refueling stations in the hydrogen tube trailer by the trucks, and filled to the fcb using hydrogen gas

    這一工作應在燃料電池汽車氫能系統發展時空矩陣的指導下有計劃、有步驟地完成；燃料電池汽車在我國最早實現商業化的時間是2008年（奧運會） ，地點是北京，車型是燃料電池公共汽車。針對這一案例，綜合考慮燃料電池汽車氫能系統「從井口到車輪」全生命周期的能源利用效率、環境影響和經濟性指標，最佳的方案是：在集中制氫廠採用天然氣蒸汽重整制氫，用汽車將裝有氫氣的高壓氣瓶輸運到氫氣加註站，加註給以氫氣為燃料的燃料電池公共汽車。
  13. According to the background information from the above, the facts of the combination, expansion and quick development of wut, and the strategic significance of the world ' s economy and the development of university, and from the angle of history, reality and the future, to a large degree, this paper analyzes three strategic environment faced by university, that is : intellectual economy and the world ' s new technical revelation ; marketing economy and modernization of china ; the popularity of education and the reform of chinese higher leaning system. through a thorough analysis of thirty six comprehensive universities and science and engineering colleges owned by the national education department, and through comparison between typical universities, this paper also objectively analyzes the strength and advantages of the development of wut on the aspects of subjects, trade and scale, and the disparity existed in subject strength, scientific and technical ability, qualified personnel construct and the economic base. through those analysis, it points out several problems in the development of university, such as " no common idea, no complementary subjects, no fixed core, no unified campus " and etc. therefore, a basic conclusion is drawn, that is " generally speaking, wut ranks among the second class of the nation ' s higher learning groups, and which possesses many potentialities to help itself step into the first class universities

    本課題正是從上述背景出發，緊密結合武漢理工大學合併、擴招和大發展的實際，從世界經濟和大學發展的高度，從歷史、現實和未來的角度，大范圍、多層面、寬視野地分析了學校發展所面臨的知識經濟和世界新技術革命、市場經濟和中國現代化建設以及教育大眾化和高校管理體制改革三大戰略環境，通過對育部所屬36所綜合及理工類高校的整體分析和典型大學的個案對比，比較客觀地分析了學校發展在學科、行業和規模三方面的實力與優勢以及存在的學科實力、科技能力、人才結構和經濟基礎等四方面的差距，指出了學校發展中「無共同的理念、無互補的學科、無凝聚的核心、無統一的校園」等問題，並得出一個基本結論：學校總體位居全國高校第二集團水平，具有向一流大學邁進的基礎，同時，相比國內一流大學又有很大的差距。
  14. China insists that apec should adhere to mutual respect, equality, benefit, openness and co - prosperity, that apec should be a consultative forum rather than an exclusive and rigid economic group

    中國主張apec應堅持相互尊重、平等互利、彼此開放、共同繁榮原則， apec應是一個磋商機制，而不是一個封閉的機制化的經濟集團。
  15. During this time, researches on big business almost developed along two roads : one is the theory of industrial organization in western economics, which focuses on applying " structure - conduct - performance " mode to studying the formation and development of big business ; the other is the theory of capital concentration in marxism, which profoundly analyzes that in competition the motivation of pursuing surplus value drives enterprises to expand, and finally the general rule that competition results in concentration which further results in monopolistic large firms is drawn

    這期間，對大企業的研究基本上是沿著兩個理論範式發展的。一個是西方經濟學中的產業組織理論，偏向于應用市場結構-行為-績效的分析範式來研究大企業的形成和發展特點；另一個是馬克思主義經濟學中的資本集中理論，深刻分析了在競爭條件下，追逐剩餘價值是刺激企業不斷擴張的動力機制，從而進一步揭示出競爭引起生產和資本的集中，集中又將導致壟斷大企業產生的一般規律。
  16. The methodologies that will be applied in this claim include : game theory, western labor economics, labor law theory, economics of property right and institutional economics. the important experiences achieved by the western market economies with regard to collective bargaining and collective agreement mechanism will be used as a reference point, all the while maintaining a focus on the changes taking place in the field of labor relations during the transitional period in china. finally, several important problems involving progression to a proper operation of the collective bargaining and collective agreement mechanism will be fully addressed, with the intent of advancing this mechanism forward to a new stage, and thereby realizing a more harmonious, stable labor relationship in china

    本文將在分析市場經濟條件下集體談判和集體合同制度一般規律的基礎上，充分運用博弈經濟學、西方勞動經濟學等學科的研究成果，借鑒西方發達市場經濟國家處理勞資沖突的重要經驗，結合我國向市場經濟過渡過程中勞動關系發生的新變化，分別從勞動法學、產權經濟學和制度經濟學的多重角度論證在我國現實條件下加快推行集體談判和集體合同制度的特殊必要性，並針對當前實踐過程當中所存在的若干主要問題進行較為深入的分析，以期推動集體談判和集體合同制度在我國的順利實施和運行，促進利益協調性勞動關系在我國的實現。
  17. The merger control regulation of ec is an achievement that member states yield to parts of sovereignty in order to defense monopoly and economic concentration in european common market

    歐盟企業合併控制制度是歐盟各成員國為了防禦歐盟內部經濟集中和壟斷趨勢而部分讓渡國家主權的結果。
  18. The market can allocate the resources efficiently through the price mechanism. governmental fiscal regulations are necessary where the market is not perfectly competitive or even fails. government lexies taxes to concentrate part of the revenue according to the governmental budget which is formulated on the basis of political decisions, and then reallocate the part of resources in the form of governmental expenditure in the areas where the market fails

    市場雖然通過價格機制能夠有效配置資源，可是在市場缺乏、市場不完善、或有市場但動作低效的地方失靈，需要政府財政機制調節，從而以政治決策為基礎的財政通過預算以稅收等形式從市場經濟集中部分資源，然後又經預算支出的形式在市場失靈領域重新予以安排，這也是配置資源的一種方式。
  19. While the " regulation and creativeness theory " indicates that only when the benefit of cooperation is more than the cost, the peasant would like to set up the organization, " collective performance theory " tells us that only when people organizes can they strengthen their ability and protect their own benefit, " resistance theory " summarizes from the practice that only to unite can the peasants change their poor position

    新制度經濟學的「制度與創新理論」則指出了發生合作組織制度創新的條件，即只有當合作的收益大於合作組織的制度創新成本時，農民才會選擇通過建立合作組織進入市場的方式。 「集體行動」理論告訴人們只有自願地結合起來，以集體的力量來增加談判能力，才能使自身的利益真正得到保護。 「抵抗力」理論則從具體實踐中總結出，只有聯合起來才能改變農民的弱勢地位。
  20. In the new era, smes must find best chance to improve operating and managing ability through making full use of new technology and hi - tech by some flexible organizations, such as alliance, centralization and virtual operation. in this article, a new networking organization of smes was brought forward and discussed in the theory of new institutional economics and was thought the most proper way for most smes development

    針對中小企業特有的一些集群現象，除了傳統經濟學相關理論，本文特意結合了新制度經濟學中的交易費用等理論，通過一些實證分析，論證了高新技術下的中小企業可以通過網路化的集群方式來發展壯大的可行性，相信對于中國的一些高新技術行業內的中小企業在開拓國內、國際市場方面都能有所借鑒。
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