缺水量 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [quēshuǐliáng]
缺水量
英文
water deficit-
There is a vast area covered continuoursly by carbonite in southwest china, where it is very rich for groundwater resources and exists large zones lack of water and regions of desert rock because of the uneven distribution of groundwater
摘要中國西南地區碳酸鹽巖大面積連片分佈，地下水資源總量豐富，但分佈極不均一，存在大片乾旱缺水區和石漠化地帶。This paper develops a deterministic inventory model for perishable items with a mixture of back orders and lost sales under inflation and time discounting, where the backlogged demand rate is dependent on the negative inventory level during the stock out period. the main differences from the existing related models are that the present model takes the maximum present value of profit in a repeatable order cycle as the objective function and proposes a more practical constraint of maximum customer - waiting time to ensure a proper customer service level. then the existence and the uniqueness of the solution to relevant systems are examined and a solution algorithm is shown to find the optimal replenishment policy. at last, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicatioh of the model
本文建立了一種考慮通貨膨脹與時間價值的變質性物品的庫存模型，在模型中允許短缺發生且拖后的需求速率與在缺貨期間已經發生的缺貨量有關.和已有相關模型的主要區別在於本模型把一個可重復的訂貨周期內的最大平均利潤的凈現值作為目標函數，且增加了在缺貨期間最長顧客等待時間的限制，以確保庫存系統擁有較高的服務水平.然後討論了模型最優解的存在性與唯一性，並提供了尋求模型整體最優解的演算法.最後用實例說明了此模型在實際中的應用From the aspect of area distribution, problem of water environment and factors of population, society and economy do n ' t coordinate with each other : in those areas which are rich in water, there are serious pollution and waste ; in those which are lack of water, economy is relatively behind the times ; in those where there is less lack of water, high population density faces the water resource with great potential pressure
水環境問題與人口、社會、經濟等因素在地區分佈上很不協調，如水資源豐富地區，水污染與水浪費十分嚴重；缺水地區，經濟相對落後；缺水程度低的地區，人口密度較高，使水資源存在巨大的潛在壓力。在影響水環境的相關因素中，人口因素的作用十分突出，主要表現在兩個方面：一是地區人口數量與分佈的集中程度是決定水資源壓力及相關水環境問題的真下因素；二是人口素質與水管理水平之間具有一定的正相關關系。Taking xinzhou city as the case, the paper analyzes the city ' s actual situation of water supply, available water sources and their amount, distribution and development. it also calculates the mid and long term needed water amount and insufficient water amount in the city. taking the natural, commercial and life material properties and environmental function of water sources into full consideration, taking the satisfaction of the needed amount of the city and the balance and the largest capacity of every water source as the prerequisite, the paper aims at the mid and long term water supply sources ( north water sources region, douluo water sources region, shuiquanwan water sources region ) and the lest spending on the investment and operation of the self - equipped wells ; through the determination of decision variables, a model of economic management for the city ' s water supply is established, witch carries out the mid and long te rm optimal operation of water supply for the city
本文以忻州市為例，分析了忻州市供水現狀，可供水水源、水資源量、分佈及開發利用情況，預測了中長期需水量和缺水量，充分考慮水資源的自然屬性、生活資料屬性、商品屬性和環境因素功能，通過決策變量設置，在保證城市需水量、水資源平衡和各供水水源最大供水能力的前提下，以開采忻州市中長期供水水源（北水源地、豆羅水源地、水泉灣水源地）和自備井開採的投資和運行費用最低為目標，建立了城市供水水源優化調度經濟管理模型，運用線性規劃方法進行了城市中長期供水水源優化調配。Based on the above studies. the different programs on how to use the rainwater resources efficiently is developed. which is decided by the water deficiency amount for agricultural production. a series of measures have been put forword. first, different geological regio should take different methods. second. the rainwater utilization through collection and storage projects or through reduction in evaportranspiration and increasion in infiltration should be combinated organically. third, the high efficiency of rainwater ' s utilization should be attained. therefore, water resources crisis can be alleivated efficiently and the agriculture sustainable development can be improved in baoding area
通過對典型年實測資料的分析，較深入研究了不同作物對雨水資源的利用效率及其影響因素。本文提出了根據缺水量等級決定的雨水資源利用方案的技術思路，因地制宜的提出了平原區以覆蓋抑制蒸發利用和雨水富集疊加利用為主的雨水資源高效利用措施，保定山區以就地攔蓄入滲利用利雨水富集疊加利用為主的雨水資源高效利用措施。Based on an analysis of causes and basic characteristics of drought in north and south areas of china, it is pointed out that drought in north areas, such as the yellow river basin and the huaihe river basin, was characterized by the severe systematic demand - supply contradiction resulted from the shortage of water resources, and successive drought disasters intensified by hot and dry weather, and that drought in south areas was characterized by the occurrence or successive occurrence of dry years due to hot and dry weather and the seasonal water shortage induced by their geographic and climatic features and insufficient water supply capacity
摘要以區域乾旱特徵分析以及乾旱災害應對策略研究為目的，闡述我國南、北方兩種不同地域類型的區域乾旱成因和基本特徵，指出黃淮海區域的乾旱特徵主要表現在天然水資源短缺引發的系統性深度供需矛盾，以及晴熱少雨氣候加劇這種矛盾而產生的持續乾旱災害；南方地區的乾旱特徵主要表現在晴熱少雨氣候導致枯水年或連續枯水年出現，以及地理氣候特徵和供水工程容量不足等因素產生的年內季節性乾旱缺水。Under water stress, leaf water content decreased and leaf water deficit intensified
在乾旱脅迫下，葉片含水量減少，葉片水分虧缺嚴重。According to the fact of the engineering, the optimal modeling when fenhe first reservoir operated alone are first made. after getting the regularity, in order to consider fenhe second reservoir that had been finished essentially and shanxi wanjiazhai yellow river diversion project, not only the object of minimum water shortage for satisfying the water use demanded mainly by user are founded, but also the object of minimum the reservoir deposition was found. in order to prevent the water use demanded by city and industry from excessively concentrated water shortage, the object of minimum water shortage required to be the equable shortage
本文在對來水分析基礎上，對太原市需水庫供水的用水進行了預測，結合工程實際，先對汾河一庫單獨運行時進行優化模擬，得出規律后，考慮已基本完工的汾河二庫及引黃南干工程，建立了以滿足用戶用水為主要目標的「缺水量最小」目標和減少水庫淤積的「水庫淤積量」最小的目標，其中「缺水量」最小目標要求是均勻的短缺，避免過分集中而影響了城市及工農業用水。These changes in agricultural water demands and soil - moisture levels had corresponding impacts on soil - moisture deficit, and consequently on agricultural production
這些農業用水需求及土壤水分含量的改變影響土壤缺水程度，進而影響農業生產的高低變化。The best irrigation system can instructs the best distributed water quantity and the irrigated time under the condition of lacking water. thus, we can obtain the maximum relative yield and the least loss
優化的灌溉制度可用於指導在不同的缺水程度下如何在時間上定量分配水量，以使相對產量最大，減產損失最小。( 1 ) the actual amount of water used to irrigate in the filtration irrigated area was reduced by 58. 15 % to 81. 63 % compared with the general irrigated area, and the ultilization ratio of the moisture content increases by 50. 5 % to 81. 7 %
綜合考慮灌水量與產量的合理成本效益比和旱區的缺水問題，優先採用灌水量為133 . 33mm的滲灌。水分利用效率達到23 . 1kg mm ? hm ~ 2 ，實際灌水量比漫灌區下降了69 . 88 ，效果明顯。In this article the conclusion was got from some experiments and researches that the crux of the matter is to solve the seepage stability of the soil and it is possible that gravelly soil is made into impervious core with the protection of filter
但是存在土料的含礫量不均勻、粘粒含量低、滲透系數偏大、天然含水量偏低、塑性較差等缺陷。試驗研究還認為，只要解決好滲透穩定問題，做好反濾保護，礫質土作心墻防滲體是可行的。The sensitive index obtained by least - squared method sometimes can not be scientifically explained in terms of crop physiology. the phenomenon is related to the statistical distribution of experiment data in addition to the number of experiment treatment and water deficit level
受最小二乘法求優數學解的約束，在求解作物水分響應模型的敏感指標時常出現從作物生理和物理上難以科學解釋的情況，這除與試驗處理數量多少及缺水水平有關外，也與試驗數據的統計分佈有關。When the paper uses the optimization regulation, it divides the management time into " t " stages according to ten days to make up the decision having many stages of the reservoir ' s optimization regulation, and it takes the reservoir ' s retain quantity of water or retain status of water and confiscated quantity of water a s condition variable, takes the water quantity of drawing off or quantity of electricity as decision variable. when the confiscated quantity of water can be known or be forecasted in every stage during the period of management, that is to say the confiscated water process can adopt the determined process, we can make up determine dynamic plan model with many stages and take the minimal lacking water as objective function
在動態規劃方法中把水庫的整個調度期，按句劃分為t個時段，以水庫的蓄水量s或蓄水位z和入庫水量q作為狀態變量，以水庫放水量q或電站出力n或發電量e作為決策變量，構成一個多階段決策過程，當計劃調度期內各時段的入庫徑流量已知或可以預報，即入庫徑流過程可以採用確定性徑流過程時，分別按缺水量d最小作為目標函數建立多階段確定性動態規劃數學模型。In the fourth part, the field irrigated water requirement were gotten based on the recommended irrigation schedules and irrigated areas often crops. in this paper, the reference evapotranspition et0 in three counties in bid was computed by penman - monteith method and the crop coefficients, kc of ten crops by kcisa model and the crop water requirements, etc, were computed simply by kc et0. meanwhile, four representative years by frequency analysis are gotten according to net irrigation requirements and planted areas of different crops in bojili irrigation district
本文首先採用fao最新推薦的penman - monteith方法計算灌區的參照騰發量et _ 0 ，用kcisa按照fao的計算方法推求十種作物的作物系數k _ c ；由此基礎上計算出作物需水量et _ c ，根據結果分析了不同作物的需水規律；同時用作物缺水量nir （凈灌溉需水量）進行頻率計算，求出了灌區的四個代表年，並分析了代表年年內自然水分狀況和作物缺水規律。The outcomes show that the rational annual volume of water regulation should be 16 billion m ^ 3 under the joint actions of three random processes of annual water deficit of huayuankou station, carrying capacity of the main river and distribution volume of huayuankou and ; the plan of annual water regulation of 17 billion m ^ 3 and 8 billion m ^ 3 is also feasible
結果表明：在花園口站年缺水量、黃河幹流輸水能力和花園口配水量3個隨機過程共同作用下，合理的年調水量應為160億立方公尺；年調水170億立方公尺和80億立方公尺，也是可行的方案。The model combines simulation method and optimization method to regional water supply and utility system, analyzing long series water supply and demand system with the object of the annual maximum water supply, counting water shortage capacity and its distributing probability, describing water shortage risk with risk character indexes. 4. when the water shortage risk is calculated, the input and output macro - economic model of water resource is employed to evaluate economic losses due to water shortage
該模型綜合模擬方法和優化方法的優點，在對區域供用水系統進行模擬的同時，採用年最大供水量為目標函數對水資源系統進行長系列的供需分析，然後統計區域水資源系統的缺水量及其概率分佈，同時用水資源系統的風險性能指標對水資源短缺風險進行描述。At present the annual average shortage of water in river - basin reaches 6 - 8 ( 108m3 ). considering the growth of population, urbanization and industrialization, the lack of water will continue in the coming 15 years, which will greatly influence the regional development
目前，河西內陸河流域年缺水量平均達6 ? ? 8億立方米，考慮到人口增長、城市化、工業化推進等因素，未來15年河西地區水資源短缺問題將持續存在。( 5 ) analysis on calculation results of guanzhong west irrigation areas. compared water shortage decreasing and irrigation guarantee ratio increasing with three different projects such as single irrigation area operation, discount project and change water supply sequence, especially for yang _ maowan and bao _ jixia ii irrigation areas
西部灌區採用三種方案進行對比分析，為單灌區調度、打折方案以及改變供水次序方案，並分別對比了三種方案中缺水量的減少和灌溉保證率的提高等，尤其針對缺水嚴重的羊毛灣灌區和寶雞峽塬下灌區進行重點分析。( 4 ) building and resolving water resources stimulation model. based on analysis runoff data of 1974 - 2001 and using water data, adopting the minimum water shortage as object function, adopting delphi 6. 0 to programme, gained distributing water and water shortage results
關中西部灌區採用1974年? 2001年的主要水源工程來水量資料，在分析資料的基礎上，以缺水量最小建立目標函數，利用模擬方法計算各子系統的用水、配水情況，採用delphi6 . 0編制模擬調度程序，得出灌區聯合調水后的缺水情況。分享友人