考孔加 的英文怎麼說

On this foundation the article inducts in detail the method which is based on the relative settlement of calculating unit area end support ( qb ) force at the same time considering the feature of pedestal pile ' s " arch effect " the article introduces conception of pile effective length and finally obtain t he formula of calculating man - made pipe with bulb - shaped axial carrying capacity. the article uses marc program to calculate and analyze foundation soil ' s stress and displacement and gets the change curve chart and the proportion that is shared by king - pipe side soil friction resistance and pipe end counterforce respectively. the article inducts the structure of pedestal in detail on the basis of generalizing pedestal application cases of many countries

在此基礎上論文詳細歸納了以相對沉降為依據確定單位面積端承力q _ b的計算方法，並考慮擴底樁的「拱效應」特點引入了有效樁長的概念，最後結合公路規范推出了比較實用的人工挖孔擴底樁軸向承載力計算公式。論文運用了marc程序對地基土的應力和位移進行了有限元數值計算分析，得到了地基土的應力和位移場的變化曲線和在加載過程中樁側土摩阻力和樁端反力各自所承擔的比例；本文還在總結各國挖孔擴底樁應用情況的基礎上就擴底樁的構造進行了詳細的歸納。

Integrated the work on theory and experiment, the paper provides technical performance material at large about the automating and humidifying character of the centrifugal nozzle with firing pin type, high pressure and little aperture to the manufacture and user. with the valuable reference during the selecting the equipment and ascertaining the parameters, the users could select and control the humid parameter

課題的理論與試驗兩方面工作相結合，為撞針型高壓小孔徑離心式噴嘴的霧化加濕性能提供了較為詳細的技術性能資料，為生產廠家和用戶在設備選型和參數選擇過程中，提供了有價值的參考，便於用戶正確而經濟地選擇、控制濕度參數，有效調節噴嘴孔徑、噴水初溫和噴水壓力的大小。

Abstract : experiments were made on a ultrasonic machining tool with work - piece adhered to ultrasonic transducer head, to machine micro - holes on hard and brittle materials such as soda glass and si, to study the effects of tool materials ， work - piece materials ， amplitude ， machining load ， slurry concentration ， tool length and the size of work - piece on machining rate and wear ratio. in this experiment, the micro - tool was made through wedg

文摘:通過以wedg放電加工手段製作微細超聲加工用工具，在採用工件加振方式的微細超聲加工機上對碳酸玻璃、半導體硅等硬脆材料試件進行微孔加工的實驗，來探討在某一特定加工條件下工具材料、工件材料、工件的振幅、加工靜載荷、磨料懸浮液濃度、工具長度及工件尺寸等重要因素對加工速度、工具損耗率的影響，為微細超聲加工技術的實用化提供參考依據。

Then the article analyses the effecting elements about the economic result of blasting and puts forward some improving measures, and summarizes optimizing model on economic result of blasting both internal and overseas bearing upon. the theory is based on the blasting cost model, which proposed by dr. zhong hanrong. combining with the specialties of water and electricity engineering, starting off through blasting result, it emphasizing considers drilling cost, deep hole bench blasting cost, reblasting cost, and the cost of bottom fleet hole blasting that in mixed loading emulsion explosive blasting

本文在加拿大鐘漢榮博士提出的爆破成本模型基礎上，結合水電工程的特點，從爆破效果出發，著重考慮了應用混裝乳化炸藥爆破的鉆孔成本、深孔梯段爆破成本、二次爆破成本和爆破后根底淺孔爆破成本，以塊度、振動、安全為約束條件，以這四項成本最小為目標函數，廣泛收集各種爆破經濟技術條件，建立了爆破優化經濟數學模型。

" the citadel and a raft of artifacts may help redefine history of india, " said sufi mostafizur rahman, head of the department of archaeology at jahangirnagar university, near dhaka. " the well - planned road with even manholes proves that the citadel was managed by a very efficient administration, " mostafizur added. " i am confident further excavation will lead us to residue of a palace, " he said

達卡賈罕吉爾納加爾大學考古系的系主任考古學家蘇非莫斯塔費祖爾拉赫曼表示， 「這條古代道路當初在建設時顯然經過了細心的設計，它上面甚至還附帶有下水道出入孔，這也可以證明它曾經處在一個工作效率極高的政權的管理下」 。

Modeling the general solid web continuous box girder and opening - in - web ( open web ) continuous box girder by ansys finite element modeling tool, node stress of governing section and corresponding shear lag values are analyzed. the solution is validated by comparing with variational results and modeling test values. based on the model, the section shear lag induced by dead load, prestress tendons and car loads under the most unfavorable condition and lateral symmetry are also approached. the influence of shear lag effect in double - level continuous box girder is considered with opening - in - web and the web location. the analysis indicates that double - level - load arouses less shear lag effect than one - level - load. when self - weight and prestressed tendons act on together, the shear lag effect on box girder take on a evidently change

基於所建立的有限元模型，本文分別對實腹和腹板開孔兩種箱梁在恆載、車載、預應力荷載作用時，各主要截面的剪力滯效應進行分析，通過施加縱向最不利的和橫向對稱的車輛荷載，研究實腹連續箱梁和空腹連續箱梁在承受雙層荷載和單層荷載時引起的剪力滯效應，並考慮腹板開孔及開孔位置對于連續箱梁剪力滯效應的影響。分析表明，雙層車載對于箱梁引起的剪力滯系數比單層車載的影響要小，對于箱梁中存在引起的剪力滯后現象有一定的改善作用。

In consideration of time and budget factor, the first step is to manufacture 8 - type ( groove axle structure ) and circle bore type mechanical heart valve. here, the concentration is on the structure design, process and process equipment design, and manufacture of valve on a trial basis

考慮到時間進程和經費因素，初步選定進行8字型凹槽樞軸結構平面瓣型及圓柱孔樞軸圓孔型心瓣進行試制加工，本論文工作的重點是人工心臟瓣膜的結構設計，工藝和工藝裝備設計，以及人工心臟瓣膜試制。

Finally, two examples show that, the availability and practicability of the new model is verified. the analysis of calculation result of berthiervill test embackment shows different part of compression curve have different influence upon the course of consolidation, and correct coefficient and viscous effect have great significance on deformation forecast. associated with the wenzhou airport runway engineering, the reason of increasing of pore - water pressuer in under - lying soft layer and post - construction settlement are given

最後，通過兩個工程實例的分析來說明本文模型的有效性和實用性:一是對berthiervill填土試驗場的軟基實測數據和理論成果進行對比分析，闡明考慮結構性擾動和粘滯性效應對分析天然粘土固結壓縮性的重要性;二是對溫州機場袋裝砂井超載預壓工程進行數值模擬，指出停荷預壓期間下臥層孔壓增加和工后沉降大的原因。

That is, the partially penetrating sand drain ground is viewed as the double - layered ground, and its consolidation is analyzed with 1 - d consolidation theory, through the transformation from 3 - d consolidation to 1 - d consolidation in the region of sand drain. this can overcome the disadvantage that the excess pore water is discontinuous between the region of sand drain and under - lying soft layer. to the double - layered ground, based on the consolidation mechanism under surcharge, the excess pore water pressure calculation formula is deduced under the condition of multilevel equably loading or unloading, which perfects the consolidation theory

然後，在充分考慮豎井區井阻、塗抹作用以及土體結構損傷破壞對固結影響的基礎上，將未打穿豎井地基合理地轉化為雙層地基，按一維固結理論計算，克服了傳統固結計算方法在豎井處理區與下臥層交界面處存在孔壓間斷的缺點；在此基礎上，從超載預壓法的基本原理出發，分析了雙層地基超載預壓固結、沉降機理，推導了多級等速加、卸載情況下雙層地基的固結計算公式，進一步完善了雙層地基固結理論。

Based on some discussions on the mathematic model set up for the cathodic protection potential field, a two - dimensional boundary element method ( bem ) is developed, and by using which, a study on the shielding effect resulted from some typical inner structures such as the reinforcing elements and the partition walls with man holes on distribution of potential and current density in the cathodic protection is performed. the investigated parameters which affect the shielding effect in the calculating model include : the height and thickness of the reinforcing elements, the distance between the anode and the reinforcing elements, and the diameter of man hole on the partition walls, and so on

本文在討論了陰極保護電位場問題的數學模型的基礎上，以二維邊界元法對陰極保護問題中的電位及電流密度分佈進行了模擬計算，重點對船舶壓載艙中的典型結構如加強筋、人孔等在陰極保護中所產生的屏蔽效應進行了分析和研究，通過對不同高度、厚度的擋板及不同孔徑的帶孔板所產生的屏蔽效應進行模擬計算，首次得到了一些對實際工程設計具有重要參考意義的見解。

To improve the fluorescent intensity of the dyes in alumina film, a series of experiments were conducted. to enlarge the diameter and extend the length of the pores, improve the porosity, and increase the concentration of dye solution can increase the quantity of dye in alumina film. therefore the fluorescent intensity of the dye in alumina film can be enhanced greatly

做了一系列實驗考察了如何提高染料鑲嵌膜的光致發光強度，發現通過改變多孔鋁的孔徑尺寸、空隙率、染料在溶液中的濃度等，以此增加鑲嵌在多孔鋁孔中的染料分子數量，可大幅度提高染料鑲嵌膜的熒光強度。

So, the probability of adsorption of ldl to adsorbents increases in the presence of ca2 +. in addition, an octahedral coordination geometry that is beneficial to the adsorption for ldl may be formed around a calcium ion between neighboring sde ligands immobilized on paa

另外，從空間構象來考慮，當向吸附體系中加入caz 」后，固定於載體表面或其孔洞內的多個相鄰配體及其間隔臂分子圍繞鈣離子可能形成一個有利於l l結合的八面體結構，這樣也利於本吸附劑對ldl的吸附。

( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。

( 8 ) for the sake of overcoming the shortage of the former work, axisymetrical analytical solutions of vacuum combined surcharge preloading were deduced, the effect of surcharge loading speed was considered and vacuum was regard as instantaneous load, so we can take account of effect of surcharge loading time, well resistance and smear, it is more closed to practical engineering

（ 8 ）根據以前真空-堆載聯合預壓解析解的不足之處，推導了真空-堆載聯合預壓下地基孔壓及固結度的解析解。本文的解析解將真空荷載視為瞬時施加，而將堆載荷載的施加考慮為線性施加過程，因此可以考慮堆載施加的時間影響，與實際工程情況更摘要加接近，並可同時考慮井阻、塗抹的影響。

( 7 ) axisymetrical analytical solutions of vacuum preloading was deduced to compute pore water pressure and degree of consolidation, the effect of vacuum loading speed, well resistance and smear were considered

（ 7 ）在軸對稱單井模型的基礎上，推導了考慮真空荷載施加過程的真空預壓下地基孔壓及固結度的解析解，同時可考慮井阻、塗抹等因素。

( 3 ) a testing system consisting of pressure transducers, data - collecting card, computer and electrical - ignition instrument was designed and a flammable gas cloud deflagration experimental system was developed. based on the orthodoxy experiments, the experiments was conducted on c2h2 - air flame acceleration resulted from hemispherical porous barriers in hemispherical gas cloud. the relations between the explosion overpressure and its influence factors were summarized

（ 3 ）本文設計了由壓力變送器、數據採集卡、計算機和電火花裝置組成的測試系統，建立了可燃氣雲爆燃實驗系統；以化學計量濃度的乙炔-空氣混合物為實驗介質，在正交實驗的基礎上，對半球形氣雲內部與氣雲同心的半球形多孔障礙物對火焰的加速作用進行實驗研究，並歸納出爆炸超壓與其影響因素之間的關系；同時還考察了障礙物數量對爆炸超壓的影響。

The image reminds me of a painting i once saw in a confucian temple in jilin that depicted a precarious human pyramid composed of thousands of imperial exam candidates climbing on top of each other in a bid to reach the highest official position

這張圖片讓我想到了我有一次在吉林的孔廟里看到的東西，描述了參加科舉的考生們踩在別人的身上，形成一個危險的人肉金字塔，以爭奪最高職位的畫面。