范圍外的前面 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fànwéiwàideqiánmiàn]
范圍外的前面 英文
in the front of
  • 范 : 名詞1 [書面語] （模子） pattern; mould; matrix 2 （模範; 榜樣） model; example 3 （范圍） boundar...
  • 圍 : Ⅰ動詞1 （四周攔擋起來 使裡外不通; 環繞） enclose; surround; corral 2 （繞; 裹） wrap Ⅱ名詞1 （四...
  • 外 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面） outside; external side 2 （外國） foreign country 3 （以外） besides; beyond; in ...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 前 : Ⅰ名詞1 （在正面的） front 2 （次序在先的） first; top 3 （過去的; 較早的） ago; before; preceding...
  • 面 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭的前部; 臉） face 2 （物體的表面） surface; top 3 （外露的一層或正面） outside; the ri...
  1. Various anatomical structures were dissected. the distance between these structures and the underlying venous sinus was measured on the cadaveric heads. using 4. 5 loupes magnification, the occipital condyle was dilled to the intracranial end of the hypoglossal canal from posterior laterior margin according to the procedures of far lateral approach, then the length of remainder was measured

    對15個10福爾馬林固定的成人屍頭標本進行解剖：測定橫竇、乙狀竇、竇匯顱骨外表面標志，自后外向前內磨除枕髁至顯露舌下神經管內口，測量所需磨除的枕髁范圍。
  2. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  3. To add " there are many loopholes in the operation and sales practices of telecommunications service providers, " after " that, as " ; to add " and such complaints from the public are often not followed up effectively by government departments, " after " in recent years, " ; to add " stipulate corresponding penalties " after " to cover pay television, " ; and to add " ; furthermore, as the hong kong housing authority has signed agreements with pay television operators, these operators can enter the buildings to set up and maintain communal aerial systems and can deploy front - line promoters to approach the residents to sell other various commercial services, using the provision of exclusive maintenance and supply services as a selling point and adopting unscrupulous means to entice or mislead the residents into signing an agreement with them, causing great disturbance to the residents ; in this connection, the government must adopt measures to combat such sales malpractices, take the initiative to inform public rental housing tenants of the rights and responsibilities of the operators and, when the operators resort to malpractices or malpractices are reported by residents, take immediate action to investigate the matter and issue warning to and penalize the operators concerned ; the government must also review the problem of inequity in accessing system information by consumers and the telecommunications service providers, whereby consumers have no means or right to obtain true and accurate information about the systems that they are using and can only pay the fees according to the volume, system and time slots of their calls shown on the records provided unilaterally by the service providers, and in case of queries about such information, the decision of the service providers prevails and there is no channel for the consumers to dispute or verify ; to this end, the government should expeditiously study how to ensure that consumers have the rights to know, choose, verify, appeal and claim for compensation in the provision of telecommunications services including pay television, local and cross - boundary telecommunications and internet services " after " in the contracts "

    在"鑒于"之後加上"各電訊服務提供者的營運和銷售存在不少漏洞， "在"不斷增加， "之後加上"而市民的投訴又往往得不到政府部門的有效跟進處理， "在"收費電視， "之後加上"訂定相應的罰則， "及在"標準合約條款"之後加上"此外，由於香港房屋委員會與收費電視營辦商簽訂協議，該等營辦商可進入大廈鋪設及維修公共天線系統，並調派前線銷售人員，以獨家提供維修及供應服務作為招徠，向住戶推銷其他各種商業服務，以不當手法誘使或誤導住戶與他們簽約，對居民造成很大困擾就此，政府必須採取措施打擊上述違規營銷的手法，並主動告知公屋住戶該等營辦商的權責范圍，遇有營辦商作出違規的行為或居民舉報營辦商的違規行為時，須立即追查，並向有關營辦商發出警告及作出處分政府亦須檢討現時消費者與電訊服務供應商所獲系統資訊並不對等的問題，即消費者無從及無權得知他們所選用系統的真實資料，令他們只能按服務供應商單方面提供有關通話量通話系統及通話時段的記錄繳交費用，遇有消費者質疑上述資料時，往往只由服務供應商作最終決定，消費者無從申辯或查證就此，本會促請政府盡快研究如何就各類電訊服務包括收費電視本地及跨境電訊網際網路等的提供，確保消費者享有知情權選擇權覆核權投訴權及索償權" 。
  4. On the basis of current investigation of both the domestic and foreign and current level of development, and contraposing difficulties and keys of autofocusing and measurement, this paper brings forward system of autofocus and measurement based on techniques of image processing of ccd. this system possesses merits of fast speed, high precision, small bulk and large dynamic range. it is able to carry out needs of fast, accurate, large range autofocusing and requests of noncontact and online measurement of workpiece face runout

    本論文根據目前國內外現狀和發展水平，針對自動聚焦和端面跳動測量的關鍵點和難點，在普通光學儀器的基礎上提出了一種基於ccd圖像處理技術的圖像式自動聚焦及其測量系統，該系統具有速度快、精度高、動態范圍大、體積小等優點，實現了快速、精確、大范圍的自動聚焦和對工件端面跳動進行非接觸、在線測量的要求。
  5. Abstract : analyzing the general method of temperature screening for assembly in our country, combined with the experience of accelerated testing abroad, we proposed a definition method of parameters, such as temperature range, rate of change of temperature and dwell time. in this paper, we introduce some experience in a temperature screening of a mainboard

    摘要：分析了目前國內在組件溫度篩選方面的一般做法，吸收國外加速試驗的經驗，並借鑒定量篩選中根據成效率確定無故障檢驗時間的方法，提出了組件溫度篩選中各參數（如溫度范圍、溫度變化速率、高低溫保持時間和循環數）的確定方法，並以一種稅控加油機主板的溫度篩選為例，介紹了組件溫度篩選方法研究中所總結的一些經驗。
  6. The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable

    本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。
  7. There are some other estates situated in the area covered by the first phase of dtt broadcasting but are currently receiving tv signal from transmission stations other than temple hill transmission station

    目前尚有一些其他屋?是位於第一期數碼地面電視廣播的覆蓋范圍，但由於它們是接收慈雲山發射站以外其他發射站的電視訊號。
  8. In the synchronous techniques based pilot symbols, here propose a frequency offset estimating arithmetic using discrete pilot symbols. we pick up integer times sub - carrier frequency offset from the same ofdm symbol and estimate exact

    此外，在頻偏估計方面，推導出短訓練序列前後兩段時域符號間的關系，並利用此進行粗頻偏估計，使頻率偏移的估計范圍大大增加。
  9. The number of students is increasing

    范圍外的前面
  10. In front of

    范圍外的前面
  11. Using the precious metal resistant to compression characteristic, forms the precise linear delivery valve, besides may not have the section adjustment pressure value, also is in the present market condition adjusts one of scope biggest controllers, material quality use wrought aluminum alloy manufacture

    利用貴金屬抗壓特性，形成精確線性壓力閥，除了可以無段調整壓力值外，也是目前市面上調整范圍最大的控制器之一，材質使用鍛造鋁合金製造。
  12. Nevertheless, in reality, the quality of the functioning is decided by people ' s different value judgments. in the light of the function ancl the change regularity of property rights, the above characteristics of property rights enabl e people to optimize the function and achieve anticipated goals according to certain value standard, by way of adjusting property rights structure and changing its pattern. moreover, as a general introduction of theories of system changes, it is generalized that the causality of the changes is the external profit which is not available under the existing system ; the prerequisite for the occurrence of change is the shifting of the system from balanced situation to unbalanced

    產權功能的上述特點使人們可以依據產權的功能和變動規律，在一定的范圍內通過調整產權結構，改變產權的格局來優化產權的功能，按照一定的價值標準來實現預期的目標；另一方面，作為對制度變遷理論的一般論述，闡明了：制度變遷的誘致因素是在以已有制度安排中無法取得的外部利潤；制度變遷發生的必要前提是制度由均衡狀態到非均衡狀態的轉變；只有當新制度的社會潛在凈效益大於原有制度的社會凈效益、新制度的潛在個別凈效益也大於原有制度的個別凈效益時，才能實現制度需求與制度供給的均衡狀態，制度變遷的過程才會得以完成。
  13. This paper introduce, on the basis of consulting a lot of data, during to the question of shortage of energy source in the world and adjusting to structure of energy source under the new condition of 21 century and the question of tar during the crop stacks - based biomass gasification

    本課題是在查閱大量資料的基礎上，針對世界范圍內能源缺乏問題和21世紀新形勢下的能源結構調整問題以及生物質秸稈氣化過程中產生的焦油等問題而提出的。通過查詢可知目前國內外還沒有人涉足這方面的研究。
  14. The dissertation explains the importance and meaning of the traffic improvement of center district of cities, and enumerates some practical experience at home and abroad, then on this basis, the dissertation summarizes some countermeasures and methods which are commonly used in improving traffic of domestic and international center district of cities at present ; secondly, the dissertation recommends yuncheng city traffic evolution of system, defines concrete range of central district of yuncheng city, explains yuncheng city land of central district use current situation and traffic current situation and his characteristic, summarizes the central district traffic systematic existing problem and reason in the city of transporting on this basis. finally, from adjusting the overall arrangement of ground, traffic system improvement, to traffic system management ( tsm ) and traffic demand management ( tdm ) four respect, the dissertation put forward some concrete countermeasures on transport improvement of central district of yuncheng city. the dissertation has appraised the result that the countermeasure is implemented in advance

    論文首先闡述了城市中心區交通改善的重要性和意義，列舉了國內外的一些實踐經驗，並在此基礎上總結了目前國內外城市中心區交通改善常用的一些對策及方法；其次，介紹了運城市交通系統的演化，並界定了運城市中心區的具體范圍，對運城市中心區的土地使用現狀和交通現狀及其特徵進行了闡述，在此基礎上總結了運城市中心區交通系統存在的問題及其原因；最後，從用地布局調整、交通系統改善、交通系統管理和交通需求管理等四個方面對運城市中心區交通的改善提出了一些具體對策，並對對策實施的結果進行了預評價。
  15. As one content of the layout of earthquake - resistent and damage prevention of zhongzhou city, researches in damage prediction and correspond strategies of buildings have been carried through in two aspects as following : firstly, the domestic and aboard methods of damage prediction of buildings are compared and studied. the general methods, corresponding advantages and disadvantages as well as the scope of application for earthquake damage predicting of buildings are summarized. the main problems and solutions for earthquake damage predicting of buildings are submitted ; secondly, the current situations of buildings in the urban areas of zhangzhou city have been investigated

    作為漳州市抗震防災規劃的內容之一，本文就建築物震害預測及防禦對策著重開展了兩方面的研究工作：一是對國內外建築物震害預測方法的分析對比，總結了建築物震害預測的一般方法、優缺點及其適用范圍，並提出了目前建築物震害預測存在的主要問題及解決措施；二是開展了漳州市區建築物現狀調查，闡述了漳州市區主要建築類型的震害預測方法和步驟，給出了震害預測的計算實例，完成了漳州市區建築物震害預測、地震經濟損失、無家可歸和傷亡人員的估計，指出漳州市區建築物抗震防災的薄弱環節，並提出了相應的防禦對策。
  16. Based on the investingation and some study methods of the stability on the goaf, the paper has the goaf of the first and second tunnels of wu long channel on coal mine railway leased line in da ning of shanxi province as an example, according to the engineering geological invesitigation and maping in the earth ' s surface, also combining the visit on the relate people, firstly has a geological judge on the space extend of the mostly ledges which have been picked ; then adopts the instrument of engineering surveying and checking ( for short sws ) which is relatively advanced inside and outside to test by surface wave the rockmass and solid near the middle line of the tunnel ( total forty meter ), and has a relatively exact judgment on the place that the goaf impossible reveal ; lastly passing the validate by drilling, it make clear that the results which tested by sws is reasonable and believable, based on finding out clearly the space extend of the goaf, the author makes a relatively systemic study on the stability of wall rock around the goaf

    因此，查明采空區的具體位置，在此基礎上對場地進行工程適宜性評價，對整個工程建設具有重要的指導意義。本論文在總結前人對地下采空區勘察及有關穩定性研究方法的基礎上，以山西大寧煤礦鐵路專用線五龍溝1 ~ # 、 2 ~ #隧道采空區為研究實例，在詳細的地表工程地質調查和測繪的基礎上，結合通過對采空區有關人員的探訪，首先對主要開采礦層的空間展布進行地質判斷；然後採用國內外較為先進的工程勘探與檢測儀（簡稱「面波儀」 ） ，對1 ~ # 、 2 ~ #隧道中線兩側一定范圍內（共40米）進行了面波測試，對采空區的可能出露部位進行了較為準確的判斷；最後通過鉆探加以驗證，表明面波儀的測試結果是較為合理可信的。
  17. Since the excavation area is small there is no way of identifying the building structures. many experts agree that there is a need to increase the area of excavations in order to understand more of the building structures

    至於許多人關心的建築遺跡的辨認及探索，因目前挖掘的范圍偏小，國內外學者認為暫時無法明確判讀，認為應該適度的加大挖掘面積。
  18. Introduction covers the intention of this thesis ; then the first part is the review of the state of the arts, and presents major ideas related to managing / working across cultures and it also mentions recent thoughts about this topic from managers who work in international companies and have experiences on managing across cultures ; the second part illustrates three international companies, the dow chemical company, intel corporation and hai - er group, to show how they manage cultural differences when they explore overseas market ; then the third part, which is also the most important part of the thesis, talks about the differences between chinese companies and outstanding international companies on managing across cultures. and how all the theories, examples and personal interview results mentioned before are going to help our chinese companies to explore more outside of china. in conclusion, culture differences do matter when organizations and companies have diverse talents pool

    前言闡述了本論文研究的起因、目的、研究范圍、理論分析以及實際設計等;隨后在第一部分文獻綜述中，歸納了迄今為止跨文化管理方面重要的理論，從而為本文隨后的實際案例分析提供了理論依據;同時，第一部分還提及了筆者對一些中外管理人員采訪和調查搜集的一手資料，展示了最新的跨文化管理思想，從個人管理者角度探討跨文化管理;第二部分主要以陶氏化學公司、英特爾公司和海爾公司三個跨國公司為範本，實際分析和探討了作為成功的跨國大企業在跨文化管理方面的經驗，特別海爾對中國企業跨文化管理等啟示;第三部分是基於前兩部分理論和實例的分析，結合中國企業的特點，分析了中國企業跨文化管理與優秀跨國公司的差異及其原因，並提出相應對策。
  19. Conclusion ( 1 ) depending on location ， size and invading extension of the tumor ， above different approaches are adapted selectively which can provide excellent exposure and allow for an aggressive resection of the tumor. ( 2 ) the tumor tissue of the cavenous sinus and foramen lacerum is resected carefully by microsurgery. ( 3 ) the dural deficiecy must be repaired and sutured tightly to avoid craniocerebral fluid leak

    結論（ 1 ）前或和中顱凹底內外溝通性腫瘤應根據腫瘤大小、位置及侵犯范圍選擇顱面聯合入路、額顳-顳下窩入路或額顳-顳下窩入路結合面前徑路即可給于充分暴露並能在直視下廣泛切除腫瘤； （ 2 ）中顱凹底侵及海綿竇和破裂孔部的腫瘤應在較高放大倍數手術顯微鏡下仔細分離切除； （ 3 ）硬膜的嚴密修復是避免腦脊液漏及顱內感染的重要關鍵。
  20. From the viewpoint of feature, product design is a process of feature transformation. but feature is mostly studied in the field of mechanical products and is nearly based on part - level in feature - based models available, which are difficult to support the design process of electrical - mechanical products such as communication products, etc. because of the high - lighting of shape, layout and human - factor. according to the shortages, this paper develops a concept and a product model of component feature which based on product - level for product layout design

    從特徵角度看，產品設計可視為一個特徵演化過程.然而就目前研究的內容來看，特徵的范圍基本局限於機械產品的零件級層次，難以支持外形、布局、人機工程占很大比重的通信、家電等電子機械產品的設計過程.針對上述不足，本文立足於特徵的廣義內涵，提出了基於產品級的組件特徵概念及其相應的面向產品布局設計的組件特徵模型
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