They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆
蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型
巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外
巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式
巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出
巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型
巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為
巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
Sedimentary control of coalbed methane in this region were expounded according to the control and influence of sedimentation on coal gathering action ( thickness of coal reservoirs, distributing and coal - bearing characteristics ), on forming and distributing, maceral, organic facies and coalfacies, cap formation types and their sealing capability of adjoining rock
根據沉積作用對聚煤作用（煤儲層的厚度、分佈及含煤性特徵） ，對煤儲層的形成與展布、煤
巖組成、有機相和煤相、頂底板
蓋層類型與封
蓋性能的控制和影響，討論了沉積作用的控氣特徵。
Based on the actual situation in the upper reaches of minjiang river, the main assessment factors such as strata structure, landform, vegetation covering eco - environment, surface water, ground water, agrotype and geological hazard are selected in this paper
本文根據岷江上游的實際情況選取
巖性構造、地形地貌、植被覆
蓋生態區、地表水、地下水、土壤類型及地質災害等因素作為評價因子。
In places, hill - slope debris forms a mantle over the bedrock and alluvium fills some of the valleys
在部分地方，基
巖表面由
巖石碎屑堆積形成覆
蓋層，而部分河谷則有沖積層。
Based on available data, the study on regional structure, sedimentary reservoir and source rock characteristics shows that the basins in south china sea had experienced sedimentary evolution in faulting period and depression period, deposited thick cenozoic formation, upwardly developed alluvial fan facies, river - lake facies coastal swamp facies coastal facies, neritic facies and bathyal deposit system, regionally had 3 source rocks of eocene, oligocene and miocene, 3 reservoirs of pre - cenozoic basement buried bill, oligocene sandstone and miocene reef, with pliocene and pleistocene neritic facies and bathyal shale as regional caprock
摘要以現有資料為基礎，通過對區域構造、沉積儲層、烴源
巖特徵等基礎石油地質條件研究，認為南海海域各盆地經歷了斷陷期和坳陷期沉積演化，沉積了巨厚的新生代地層，自下而上發育了沖積扇相、河湖相、濱岸沼澤相、濱海相、淺海相、半深海相沉積體系，區域上存在始新統、漸新統和中新統3套烴源
巖，前新生代基
巖潛山、漸新統砂
巖、中新統生物礁3套儲層，區域
蓋層為上新統和更新統淺海半深海相泥
巖。
It includes sites on every continent, among them sir ernest shackleton ' s 1908 expedition hut in antarctica and australia ' s dampier rock art complex, which dates from 8000bc
名單涵
蓋了各大洲的古跡，包括歐內斯特.沙爾克頓爵士1908年遠征南極時居住的小屋、始於公元前8000年前的澳大利亞丹皮爾地區的
巖畫群。
Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome.
覆
蓋于穹丘上的沉積
巖為漸新世侵蝕所截削。
Based on the relative independence of mathematical cover and physical grid, and considering the action of truely existent various equilibrant force in system for system balance, a method of simulation for excavation unloading using numerical manifold method in geotechnical engineering is proposed
摘要基於數值流形方法數學覆
蓋與物理網格的相對獨立性，考慮任一時刻體系中真實存在的各平衡力項對體系平衡的作用，提出用數值流形方法模擬
巖土工程開挖卸荷的方法。
The quaternary system is characterized by high geothermal gradient, with low scope of overpressure in its deep and shale caprock saturated with formation water of high salinity
第四系具有較高的地溫梯度，深部發育了低幅超壓；甘森泉小柴旦基底斷裂影響氣藏構造的完整性；第四系飽含高礦化度地層水泥
巖構成的
蓋層可以起到一定的封
蓋作用。
Right below it there was an exceedingly small hollow of green turf, hidden by banks and a thick underwood about knee - deep, that grew there very plentifully ; and in the centre of the dell, sure enough, a little tent of goatskins, like what the gipsies carry about with them in england
在
巖壁的正下方有極小一塊長有綠色草皮的窪地，被沙汀和高及膝部的茂密的矮樹所掩
蓋。窪地中間果然有山羊皮做的小帳篷，有點像吉卜賽人在英國流浪時攜帶的帳篷。
Dongpu sag is of the superior geological conditions for forming deep gas pools, including two sets f premium source rocks, variety of sand bodies, sell developed porosity and thick halite and mudstone as cap rocks
摘要東濮凹陷具有形成深層氣的優越基礎地質條件：兩套優質烴源
巖、多種類型的儲集砂體和高異常孔隙發育、厚的
巖鹽和泥
巖作為良好
蓋層。
The earth surface of the region across it is mostly thicker humus soil or leaf falling covering layer, and has good heat reserving property, it is mostly weathering shingle, soil - aggregate mixture, and clay - gravel 0. 5m - 4. 0m under it, and weathering rock
所經地區的地表多為較厚的腐殖土或落葉覆
蓋層，其保溫性良好，下層0 . 5 ? 4 . 0米多為風化沙礫、碎石土和礫石土， ， 4 . 0米以下為風化
巖石。
There are about 98 thick continental ice sheet and 2 barren2 rock
南極約98覆
蓋著厚厚的大陸冰床， 2為光禿的
巖石。
Oil is usually found in porous rock under a layer of impermeable rock which prevents it from escaping.
石油通常存在於多孔性的
巖石中，上面覆
蓋著不可滲透的
巖層，使石油不致散失。
The channel is overlain by siltstone and lenticular beds of limestone.
河道上面覆
蓋著粉砂
巖和石灰
巖透晶體。
The mathematical statistics method and extrema variance clustering method can be used to visible automatic classifying and reading of logging curves. the lithofacies classifying program basing on multi - mineral model analysis presents a new method to analyze logging - facies and more accuracy and visualized logging facies section can be reached by using this method. in addition, it supplies reliable lithologic layering reference for search and evaluation of oil / gas caprock and it also made up for the high cost of core - drilling and the inaccuration between lithic fragment description and depth
採用基於「數理統計-極值方差聚類法」的面向對象可視化操作方法可有效地解決測井曲線的可視化自動分層取值問題；而基於多礦物模型分析的
巖相劃分程序又提供了一種新的測井相分析方法，能得到更為準確直觀的測井相剖面，為尋找和評價油氣
蓋層提供了可靠的
巖性分層依據，同時彌補了鉆井取心費用高和錄井
巖屑描述與深度有誤差的缺陷。
The foundation for an earth - fill dam would be the natural soil or rock on which the dam is placed. concrete footings or piles and pile caps are often referred to as foundations without including the soil or rock on which or in which they are placed
一）關于支持基礎結構影響土壤. （三）關于基礎結構支持關
巖. （二）結構得到一堆地基樁，使樁可安裝在土壤和終止一切小費支持是從土壤中，也可以安裝，使復
蓋巖小費.結合混凝土地基土壤和
巖石上的地基或支持
Tianjin is located at north part of northern china plain, where is rich in thermal water in sedimentary basin. the main reservoir is carbonate rocks of the paleozoic and upper and middle proterozoic group, which contain thermal waters with temperature of more than 90. the cap rock is cenozoic sedimentary rocks with thickness of more than 1000m, which contains thermal water with temperature from 25 to 70 in 13 sandstone layers. the temperature of thermal water is steady growth along with the deepen of basin. all thermal waters in different aquifers are medical mineral waters, which is conducive to good health
天津位於華北平原的北部，那裡的沉積盆地含有豐富的地下熱水。主要的熱儲層為古生界和上中元古界的碳酸鹽
巖層，所含熱水的溫度略高於90
蓋巖層為新生界沉積層，在13個砂
巖含水層中含有2570的熱水。熱水的溫度隨盆地深度的增加而增加。
Research on deformation and subsidence characters of ground and surrounding rock induced by underground mining under thick covering terrain by model test
厚覆
蓋巖層條件下地下采礦的地表及圍
巖變形破壞特性模型試驗研究
3d fem analysis on ground surface deformation caused by mining under thick rock overburden
厚覆蓋巖層下采礦引起地表變形的三維有限元分析
