表觀聚焦面 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎoguānjùjiāomiàn]
表觀聚焦面 英文
apparent focal area
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 觀 : 觀名詞1. （道教的廟宇） taoist temple2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 聚 : 動詞（聚集; 聚積） assemble; gather; get together
  • 焦 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （物體受熱失去水分 呈現黃黑色並發硬、發脆） burnt; scorched; charred 2 （著急） worried;...
  • 面 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭的前部; 臉） face 2 （物體的表面） surface; top 3 （外露的一層或正面） outside; the ri...
  • 聚焦 : [物理學] （使光或電子束等聚集於一點） focus; focusing; concentrate
  1. According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

    本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。
  2. This research project, based on the existing problems in mathematics curriculum evaluation and the conceptions of mathematics curriculum as the guideline, systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of the developmental evaluation, i. e. multi - dimensional, formative, developmental, understanding and inspiring. drawing on the modern mathematics conceptions, multi - intelligence theory and theories of constructivism, this project systemically illustrated the connotation of the developmental evaluation : the key of evaluation is for application ; the goal is multi - dimensional ; the process is context - dependent ; the outcome is to promote the development. in view of the conceptions of developmental evaluation ( i. e. human - centered whole evaluation ; quality - focused overall evaluation ; participation - stressed autonomous evaluation ; future - faced evaluation ; guiding evaluation and inspiring evaluation ), the components of the developmental evaluation model in the new mathematics curriculum is analyzed in details in this project ( i. e. goal system, subject system and object system ) and the core structure of the developmental evaluation is established ( i. e. evaluation indicator system model )

    本課題研究以數學課程評價的現存問題為著手點，以數學課程理念為目標指向，系統分析了數學新課程發展性評價的多元性、形成性、發展性、理解性、激勵性等基本特徵;以現代數學觀、多元智力理論、建構主義理論以及成功智力理論為理論背景，系統闡述了數學新課程發展性評價之意蘊?評價核心聚焦應用，評價目標指向多元，評價過程依存情境，評價結果歸依發展;以數學新課程發展性評價理念，即以人為本的全體性評價、注重素質的全面性評價、注重參與的自主性評價、促進完善的引導性評價、不斷進取的激勵性評價、面向未來的期望性評價為航標，深入剖析了數學新課程發展性評價模式的構成成分，即目標系統、主體系統和客體系統，由此構建發展性評價模式的核心圖式?評價指標體系的模式:以數學新課程發展性評價過程為參照，尋求並創設評價準則的設計技術，評價權重的構造技術，評價信息的收集技術，評價結果的分析與處理技術;以數學新課程評價系統內蘊的一般認識論、發生認識論與發展認識論指導評價方法，詳細探討了檔案袋法、表現性評價、自我評價與同伴評定相結合的方法、蘇格拉底式研討評定和測驗法在評價中的應用。
  3. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy ( clsm ) and atomic force microscopy ( afm ) proved that the microspheres or nanospheres with different surface characters were obtained successfully. the clsm investigation of fitc labeled particles showed that polymeric microspheres have a core - shell structure in which the surfactants existed in the shell of particles. polymeric microspheres with different surface characters were embedded onto the surface of pla membranes via surface entrapment

    激光共聚焦顯微鏡（ clsm ）和原子力顯微鏡（ afm ）觀察分析結果證實可通過上述技術獲得具有不同表面性質的微米級或納米級聚合物微球，而熒光標記技術（ fitc ）則證實了聚合物微球具有明顯的核殼型結構，表面穩定劑存在於微球的殼層。
  4. Blinking of the sers spectra and the poisson statistical distribution of the raman signal were observed. moreover spectral diffusion of raman shift with time was reported by the first time according to our knowledge, which could be due to the difference of interaction between varied single molecules and varied silver particles surface, for instance, due to the different adsorption states of dab molecules on the silver surface, which should be a powerful evidence for single molecule detection by sers

    我們採用一種簡單的方法，將含有dab分子的銀膠體溶液滴在鋁箔上，激發光聚焦在液滴上直接進行測量，觀察到了分子sers信號的「 blinking 」現象，並首次報道了其sers拉曼頻移隨時間產生波動，這是由於個體分子和銀納米顆粒的相互作用及其在銀納米顆粒表面的l吸附狀態不同而導致的。
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