In this paper, two major types, the natural vegetation and crop vegetation in luota are studied. we can gain the different distributive area by remote sensing technology, in accordance with conifer forest, broadleaf forest, thick shrub forest, shrub forest, herbs shrub forest, herbs naked rock and crop vegetation. the valuation of the output of standing trees, water conserbancy, soil conserbation to control erosion and purify the air is the main basis which is used to value the functions of the forest ecosystem of the conifer forest and broadleaf forest of luotathe result reveal that the total ecological function value of the forest which area is 1388. 8 hm2 is estimated up to 18. 36 million yuan per annum. the synthetic valuation system of luota vegetation is put forward by the valuation of per hm2 in evergreen - deciduous forest, conifer forest, conifer and broadleaf forest, broadleaf forest, scatteredtree - shrub forest, coppice - shrub forest, herbs shrub forest, econamic crop and cereal crops. the plant resources is valued according to the ornamental and green plant. lumber trees and medical plant. ornamental plant includes hosta plantaginea. lilium brownii van viridulum, spiraea cantomiensis and so on. lumber tuees includes zzzelkova schneideriana, emmenopterys henryi, catalpa fargesii and so on
本文把洛塔現存植被分為自然植被與栽培植被兩大類進行研究，通過遙感技術對現存植被按針葉林、闊葉林、密灌、灌叢、草灌、荒草
裸巖、農作物植被等類型進行分佈面積的統計，在此基礎上，以林產品價值、涵養水源價值、保護
土壤價值和凈化空氣價值作為估算的主要參考依據，對已成林的針葉林與闊葉林進行森林生態系統的價值估算，得出面積為1388 . 8hm ~ 2的針葉闊葉林的森林生態價值為1836 . 37萬元，參照這一生態價值量，把洛塔植被按常綠落葉林、針葉林、針闊混交林、闊葉林、疏林?灌叢、矮灌叢、荒草灌叢、經濟作物和糧食作物，以每hm ~ 2的價值量提出了洛塔植被的綜合價值體系。
Two important aboriginal foods are the fruit of the cycad palm, and a large nutritious yam
澳洲
土著人有兩種重要的食物：一種是鐵樹目
裸子類棕桐樹的果子，另一種是又大又有營養的山藥。
Stripping the land in these ways allows faster surface runoff and exacerbates flooding.
這些做法終將使
土地
裸露、地表徑流加快，從而加重了洪水的威脅。
It is analyzed that the impacts of vegetation type on shear strength of unsaturated soil through direct shearing tests for unsaturated soil of different depth and various vegetation types which consist of hare soil, tanglehead grassplot, switch sorrel shrubbery and eucalyptus holt under natural moisture contents
摘要通過對
裸地、扭黃茅草地、車桑子灌木林地和按樹林地四種不同植被類型、不同深度
土壤在天然含水量情況下的直剪試驗，研究了植被類型對非飽和
土抗剪強度的影響。
Grimesby roylott clad in a long grey dressing - gown, his bare ankles protruding beneath, and his feet thrust into red heelless turkish slippers
他穿著一件灰色長睡袍，赤
裸的腳跟從睡袍下露出來，足上穿著無跟的紅色
土耳其拖鞋。
Soil erosion process research of the loess bare slope
黃
土裸坡
土壤侵蝕過程研究
Their land produces good crops of corn and rye, which they trade off for spirituous liquors
他們的
土地盛產玉米和
裸麥，他們用這些換回烈酒。
Alone and naked, we negotiate all of life ' s travails
我們勞其一生，最終依然是孤身赤
裸裸歸于塵
土。
In the control, even light rain could bring soil and water losses. while for orchard and costarica henryi forest, runoff and sediment yield both reduced greatly. regarding to chinese fir and enclosing and tending forests with favorable vegetative coverage, minimum soil and water losses were produced even by the rainstorm
裸露地（對照）小雨時也可能產生水
土流失，而大雨以上降雨會產生嚴重水
土流失；具有一定植被覆蓋且採取水
土保持措施的果園和錐栗林的徑流量和泥沙量大幅度減少；而植被覆蓋良好的杉木林和封山育林地即使大雨以上降雨也僅產生極輕微的水
土流失。
Could there exist another possibility for the south boundary of the system as follow : the rainfall infiltrates in the outcrop carbonate - mountain area of western, and moves towards south and deeper along carbonate rocks, then moves upper through the overlain tertiary system ( n ) with a thickness of 400m ( instead of running off to the springs and yellow river through a long approach of least hydraulic gradient ), and then mainly transforms into the horizontal drainage in the loess layer of quaternary, finally drains in lu - botan depres sion
並且提出，關于對系統南界的認識，是否存在另一可能：即在西部碳酸鹽巖
裸露區大氣降水入滲后，沿碳酸鹽巖向南向深部運動，然後，並非在極小的水力坡度驅動下長距離地向東部黃河、泉群徑流排泄，而是通過上覆厚度約400m的第三系向上運動，繼而主要在第四系黃
土層中轉為向南水平排泄到鹵泊灘。
According to the configuration and ecotope of the earths surface, the coverage of vegetation, occupation ratio of bare sandy land and the soil texture were selected as evaluation indexes by using the field investigation data
利用外業調查數據，依據地表形態和生態狀況的變化，確定了植被蓋度、
裸沙地佔地百分比和
土壤質地3項評價指標，並建立了基於遙感的科爾沁沙質荒漠化評價指標體系，其中
裸沙地佔地百分比用混合像元分解的方法獲得。
It divides the main vegetation of the headwater region of huangpu river into 4 categories based on field survey and observation and methods of factor analysis and systematic cluster analysis and according to the degree of soil and water conservation function : deciduous trees and shrubs are category 1 which shows very strong soil and water conservation function ; tea plantation, grasslands and pine trees are category 2 which has stronger function ; the category 3 is moso bamboos and broadleaved evergreen trees which have stronger permeability and erodibility, but the permeable performance is not outstanding, the capacity of soil moisture storage common and soil and water conservation function moderate and ; the category 4 is uncovered land where the soil and water conservation function is very weak and its permeability, erodibility, erosive resistance and soil moisture storage capacity are all notably smaller than that of the other lands
摘要在野外調查、實測的基礎上，採用因子分析、系統聚類分析的方法，根據
土壤層水
土保持功能的強弱，將黃浦江源區主要植被類型分為4類：落闊林、灌木林為第一類，表現出很強的水
土保持功能；茶園、草地、松林為第二類，
土壤水
土保持功能較強；毛竹林、常綠闊葉林表現出較強的抗蝕性和抗沖性，但滲透性能並不突出，
土壤貯水能力也一般，水
土保持功能中等，為第三類；
裸露地水
土保持性能很差，單獨作為第四類，其滲透性、抗蝕性、抗沖性、
土壤水庫容都顯著小於其他各樣地。
The research results mainly show : ( 1 ) the ecological degradation characteristics of wuxi county include : some soil is thin and barren and its water and fertility conservation abilities are poor, gradual degradation of soil results in decrease of vegetation diversity and the vegetation community structure gradually inclines tc simplicity from complexity. the types of soil and water loss in wuxi county mainly involve surface erosion and gully erosion. according to investigation, surface erosion area occupies 80 % or so or erosion area, in which the slope farmlands surface erosion area accounts for about 70 % of farmland erosion area
研究結果主要包括： （ 1 ）巫溪縣生態退化特徵表現：作為生物生長基質的部分
土壤薄而貧瘠，保水保肥能力差，部分地區基巖
裸露，
土壤的不斷退化導致植物種多樣性減少，植物種群結構逐步由復雜趨向簡單化；縣內水
土流失的類型主要包括面蝕和溝蝕兩大類，據調查，面蝕面積占侵蝕總面積的80左右，其中坡耕地面蝕佔耕地侵蝕面積的70左右。
The evapration of water area is calculated by et0 multiplied by kc ; and then the evapotranspiration estimation models for other categories ( singular underling surface ) are presented ; based on bare soil and dense grass models the evapotranspiration estimation models for partly grass covered surface is presented combined with vegetation fraction data. it is feasible and logical each categories using singular way and mean, the result of regional evapotranspiration over south ningxia is given
將水體單獨處理，由參考作物蒸散乘以比例系數直接計算得出水體蒸發；建立了4種單一類型下墊面（
裸地區、草地完全覆蓋區、喬木林區、灌叢區）蒸散計算模型；對混合下墊面（草地?
裸地區）區域蒸發（散）計算方法使用
裸土和草地完全覆蓋蒸發（散）計算模型，然後結合植被覆蓋度給出。
5. the seed fill algorithm in graphics was introduced into the between - rows weed detection to fill the areas connected with the centre of the crop row. in order to gain the faster processing speed, an improved scan - line seed fill algorithm was developed successfully
根據雜草多數分佈於作物行之間的
裸土區的位置特徵，首次引入圖形學中的種子填充演算法識別行間雜草，並且針對傳統種子填充演算法比較費時的缺點，研究改進的掃描線種子填充演算法，顯著提高了填充速度。
Fertilized : darker than bare earth. adds quality bonus to plants grown in it. only plant interaction available
施肥：比
裸土的顏色深。給植物增加營養。只有對植物有用。
Bare soil is protected from the impact of rainfall which can cause surface soil crusting, compaction, and erosion
塑料薄膜覆蓋使
裸土免受降雨引起的表
土結殼、壓實和侵蝕。
3. because of the severe occluding of drilling crop leaves, it was difficult to extract shape and texture feature, so a new approach to detect the between - rows weed was discussed on the basis of the position feature, where crop was regularly sown as a constant row space and most weed were distributed on the bare - soil between crop rows during 3 leaves to 5 leaves seedling stage
針對小麥等條播作物田間場景中葉片嚴重交疊致使形狀和紋理特徵提取困難的問題，利用條播作物3 5葉苗期田間場景中作物成行排列、雜草多數分佈於作物行之間的裸土區的特點，研究了位置特徵識別行間雜草的方法。
