說明文問題 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shuōmíngwénwèntí]
說明文問題 英文
short talks
  • 說 : 說動詞（說服別人聽從自己的意見） try to persuade
  • 明 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （明亮） bright; brilliant; light 2 （明白;清楚） clear; distinct 3 （公開;顯露在外;不隱...
  • 文 : Ⅰ名詞1 （字） character; script; writing 2 （文字） language 3 （文章） literary composition; wri...
  • 問 : Ⅰ動詞1 （請人解答） ask; inquire 2 （詢問; 慰問） question; ask about [after]; inquire about [aft...
  • 題 : Ⅰ名詞1. （題目） subject; title; topic; problem 2. （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（寫上） inscribe; write
  • 明文 : proclaimed in writing
  • 問題 : 1 （需回答的題目） question; problem 2 （需研究解決的矛盾等） problem; matter 3 （事故或意外） tr...
  1. Because of the technical complexity of the turbine for the three gorges project and on the basis of several important technical problems which have been defined in the international bidding documents for 14 generating units in the left bank power station, the owner of the project has decided another some important technical problems based on appraisal and comparison in the bid appraisal stage after the bidding documents are analyzed and the tender documents are cleared by the tenderers

    由於三峽工程水輪機技術上的復雜性和挑戰性，在左岸電站14臺機組國際招標文件已明確了若干重大技術問題的基礎上，在機組議評標階段，對招標文件進行分析和投標商對投標文件進行澄清說明后，經評議比選，業主又決策了幾個重大技術問題，主要有：水輪機設計水頭的確定，負傾角葉片水輪機的應用，兩套水力設計，舍棄初期轉輪，蝸殼進行水壓試驗等。
  2. Next, it analyses the theoretic foundations of internal control : theory of clientage and corporate governance, and explain the importance and significance of establishing internal control considering the actual conditions of china. then, starting from the evolution of internal control theories, author brings forward goals framework and elements framework of modern enterprise ' s internal control system linking with connotations of modern enterprise system and characteristics of new economics. last, applying the case of zhengbaiwen, author analyses the problems and causes of chinese listing corporations " internal control system and advances counter measurements

    引言是破題之論，明確了本文寫作的出發點；其次，分析了內部控制產生的理論基礎:委託代理理論和公司治理結構理論，結合現實說明了內部控制體系構建的必要性和意義:然後，從內部控制理論的歷史演進入手，結合現代企業制度的內涵和新經濟時代的特徵，搭建了我國現代企業內部控制體系的目標框架和要素框架;最後，通過鄭百文內控失控的案例分析，引出我國上市公司內部控制體系存在的問題和現狀，分析其成因，並提出相應的對策。
  3. Secondly, to consummate the theory of fault to lay a more solid foundation, the article carried a comprehensive and thorough excavation on the coeval historical condition and cultural sources of each theory of fault lack of feelings. third, the article explained that because the theory development and the practice need, taking feelings into the theory of fault is urgency and necessity. at last, the article analyzed the contemporary scholar of criminal law failure in taking feelings into theory of fault, and had pointed out the road bring feelings into theory of fault

    本文首先通過三個層次的分析，表明了傳統罪過理論的不足之處，以及情感因素在傳統罪過理論分析中的尷尬處境;並對各個歷史形態的罪過理論的形成及其情感因素缺失的歷史條件和思想文化淵源進行了比較全面和深入的挖掘，以探源把脈，以能為進一步完善罪過理論奠定一個比較堅實的認識基礎;然後，說明了由於理論的發展和實踐的需要，罪過理論中納入情感因素的迫切性和必要性;最後，文章具體分析了當代刑法學者為將情感因素納入罪過理論所做努力之所以失敗的原因，進而提出了筆者自己對這一理論問題的解決方案。
  4. And this thesis mainly has four parts in all : in the first part, this thesis introduces the origination and development of telecommunication universal service, and three main traditional telecommunication universal service mechanisms, that is, cross subsidy, compulsory service obligation and access loss compensation. finally this thesis analyses the problems of traditional telecommunication universal service mechanism under the competition environment

    本文的主要內容為: 1 .說明了電信普遍服務的由來和發展;介紹了交叉補貼、強制服務義務和接入虧損補償三種主要的傳統電信普遍服務機制;分析了開放競爭環境下這三種傳統電信普遍服務機制面臨的問題。
  5. The dissertation discusses the characteristics of the human auditory system and its describable method and with this understanding establishes the objective method based on subjective perception. it is clarified that the person ' s evaluation on noise is not only " subjective " and qualitative analysis, but also quantitative analysis based on stable foundations. the availability and some problems of these methods of sound quality are illustrated with some concrete emulational examples

    論文詳細討論了人耳聽覺的一般特性及其描述方法，以其為基礎確立聲質量的基於主觀感覺的客觀評價方法，說明了人對噪聲的評價並不僅僅只是「主觀」的、定性的東西，而是可以建立在堅實基礎上來進行定量分析的，並通過具體算例說明聲質量方法的有效性和存在的問題。
  6. Firstly, the exordium of this paper briefly accounts for the background, aim and signif - icance of the research on several issues on network accounting

    本文首先簡述網路會計存在問題研究的背景、目的和意義。其次，說明網路會計的產生、歷史、現狀及未來。
  7. In this essay i argue that the writing of american jazz age novelist f. scott fitzgerald responds to the developing national culture of his time, here described as an evolving relation between the marginality of the region and the hegemony of the center. like many of the characters in his novels, fitzgerald ' s perceived liminality from nation and canon - his work did not achieve repute until after his death - produced, paradoxically, dependence on those values the writer felt most distant from. to a far greater extent than hemingway, fitzgerald fictionalized the commodity culture of the american center which he, in time, came to reject in favor of a moral posture. fitzgerald ' s migration from the perceived margins of american literary discourse to status as a posthumous, centered canonical figure has three specific dimensions - the geographical, the canonical, and the moral - all of which combine to produce a significant ambivalence, beyond " modernist " credentials, in his life and legacy

    本文認為，美國爵士時代的小說家菲茨傑拉德的作品對于作者所處時代和處于發展之中的民族文化（即區域邊緣與國家霸權之間的演進關系）作出了回應.正如其小說中的許多人物一樣，菲茨傑拉德從國家和典律中感知到閾限性（他自己的作品直到死後才獲得盛譽） ，這使得他依賴于自己認為是最為邊遠的價值觀念.與海明威相比較，菲茨傑拉德在更大程度上將位於美國中心的商品文化小說化，而最終他又出於道德考量將它予以拒絕.菲茨傑拉德從明顯的美國文學話語邊緣向去世之後被經典化的中心地位的漂移表現在地理、典律、道德三個方面.三者交織，使得學界關於他的紛爭超越了現代主義者身份問題，在關於他的人生和文學遺產問題上也是褒貶不一，眾說紛紜
  8. Chapter one explained the motive of the paper by means of author ' s reflect on logistics " popularity, and then formulize the applicability of synergetics theory in applying to logistics research and difficulty in the research. chapter two was a systematically overview of synergetics theory

    第一章通過作者對「物流熱」所產生的兩點思考來提出問題，說明研究的動機、研究理論的確定依據，以及研究中的難點和本文所作的工作，為下文作鋪墊。
  9. This paper also expounds the initiation and application of criminal judicial precedents as well as possible problems

    本文還對刑事判例的創制、適用以及存在的問題進行了詳述和說明。
  10. Firstly, the status of our nation ' s water resources, flood and arid hazards is overviewed to illustrate the necessity for study on dynamic control of flood season limited water level. disadvantages in traditional limitsd water level design, static control of limited water level design, static control of limited water level and fuzzy limited water level curve are pointed out, and mending methods for these are introduced. dynamic control and its key problems are analyzed hi next section. the allowable range of limited water level is determined, so as the allowable extreme risk index. the definition of extreme risk is re - illustrated, risk analysis methods in reservoir operation is discussed either. according to the definition of extreme risk rate, the allowable extreme risk rate of reservoir is systematically demonstrated with variant extreme risk indexes and flood season limited water level

    本文首先闡述了我國水資源狀況和水旱災害、說明水庫汛期限制水位動態控制研究的必要性；介紹了傳統汛限水位設計、汛限水位靜態控制、模糊汛限水位過程線存在的問題及其初步改進方法；分析汛期限制水位動態控制的方法及關鍵問題；進一步闡述了水庫極限風險率的定義；根據極限風險率定義，詳細敘述了不同極限風險指標時、不同汛期限制水位下起調，水庫所能承受的極限風險率計算方法。然後，基於極限風險率計算方法，以白石水庫為背景，研究「考慮壩體自身安全、考慮壩體安全與下游防護對象控制下泄流量的汛限水位動態控制的極限風險率」 。
  11. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  12. The duties of the managers weren " t equal to their powers which induced that the managers abused their power to figure benefits for theirself only but not to think over the benefit of the owners ". the paternalistic managing mode of shanxi bank snoffed out the innovative abilities in shanxi bank which made them losing many opportunities of development and resulting in shanxi bank " s final decline. the third part mainly tells of the contrast analyses between the systems of shanxi bank and the systems of the enterprises of the time. and sum up the experiences and the lessons of shanxi bank to build up the organizational system and managing mode of enterprises with chinese characteristics

    第三部分是在前兩部分內容的基礎上，一方面把票號的人力股制度和所有權、經營權分離的組織制度與現代企業的相關制度進行簡單的對比分析，通過對比說明票號組織制度雖然具有很明顯的先進性，但同時也有它的歷史局限性和不完備之處;另一方面在對比分析的基礎上，總結出票號組織管理方面的經驗教訓對創立有中國特色的企業治理結構和管理模式具有四個層面的借鑒意義，一是企業組織制度與人文環境的結合，二是肅清扼殺企業創新機制的家長製作風，三是企業管理中激勵與約束的對稱性問題，四是制度創新與環境變遷的結合問題。
  13. The author agrees with the dual - meaning doctrine, and defines the concept of criminal proof responsibility based on this doctrine. secondly, the author clears up the relationship between criminal proof responsibility and burden responsibility usually confused by our legal theorists and practicians, and points out that the two concepts are interrelated and mutually distinction. during the overall criminal process, the two concepts are the use of a phased process of dynamic change, with different subjects reflected in the various stages from an

    本文在對兩大法系的刑事證明責任對比的基礎上進行借鑒，並以此對我國的刑事證明責任的概念做出界定，在法學理論上對其分配問題進行了分析，認為無論是從我國現階段的經濟水平還是法律制度的發展水平來說，我國的刑事證明責任都應該以適合中國國情的可操作性為原則來進行分配，並且應該用經濟成本的眼光去看待這個問題的變化與發展。
  14. The primary theory of absorption and desorption was also explained. the effects of primary process parameters, such as hydrogen pressure, time and temperature on the magnetic properties of ndfeb have been researched. the structure and magnetic properties have been analyzed by means of optical metallographic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, x - ray diffraction analysis, infrared oxygen detector and magnetic properties measurement

    本文設計了燒結ndfeb的氫爆制粉設備，對設備調試以及使用過程中出現的主要問題進行了簡要的說明，提出了一系列解決方法；闡述了吸氫、脫氫的基本原理；研究了氫氣壓力、通氫時間、氫爆溫度等基本工藝參數對磁性能的影響；利用金相顯微鏡和掃描電子顯微鏡， x射線衍射分析，紅外線測氧分析及綜合磁性測量儀等手段分析了材料的組織結構和磁性能。
  15. Nevertheless, in these approaches the contact intethee are charactered sboly ed stiffeess k. and k. " which is not perfect and rigorous in thc vitw of solid mechanics and rather rough for the description of the behavior of the idtfores. in collbet, taken as a contact problem, the principal chatrs of the idtcthees can be reflected : ( l ) the cbntact inifore is of shear strength which implies tha a generic pair of contact points on the inidse will displace coincidentally if the tangential fbrce at this point has not reahed the 1imit resistance, else, relative s1ide betwee the points will occur along the tangental direction. ( 2 ) no matter the relative slide occurs or not, the contact bodies cannot invade each other in any wise

    本論文在對這兩種方法進行認真的分析后，說明它們對不連續面的描述並不合理，也無法反映出不連續面的主要力學特性，同時指出，將帶有不連續面的巖土工程問題作為接觸問題計算更為合理，它可將不連續面受力變形的主要特點反映出來，即： （ 1 ）接觸面具有相應的「抗剪強度」 ，即當接觸面上某一點處的切向應力小於該點處的抵抗強度時，點對共同變形；達到強度時，則沿切向發生相對滑動； （ 2 ）在整個變形過程中，發生接觸的變形體不能相互侵入。
  16. On the background of globalization of economy, the action of restricting competition is rising increasingly in the world, which severely obstruct liberalization of trade and investment while world trade liberalization pace speed up. in view of authoritative competition regulation which regulate enterprises ’ internationally restricting competition action have not set up yet, most countries adopt the extraterritorial application of anti - monopoly law to prevent international monopoly effectively, with a purpose to protect the domestic market to develop healthily and orderly. by exploring the fundamental problems in extraterritorial application of anti - monopoly law and theoretical and practical experience of all countries in the world, the thesis further discusses the mode of our country in the field

    本文分四部分對反壟斷法的域外適用問題進行說明:文章首先從反壟斷法域外適用的基本問題入手，介紹反壟斷法域外適用問題的產生及其必然性，簡要描述國際法協會紐約年會上所確認的三種反壟斷法域外適用理論依據的涵義、內容及彼此之間的區別;其次對美國、歐盟在反壟斷法域外適用方面的實踐進行優缺評析，指出設置反壟斷法的域外適用條款已經成為世界反壟斷立法的普遍趨勢;然後論述反壟斷法域外適用過程中產生的沖突及對沖突進行協調的方法;最後對我國反壟斷法域外適用應採用的模式進行探討，說明我國設立反壟斷法域外適用制度的必然性和總體思路，明確我國反壟斷法域外適用制度應包括的內容以及保障域外適用制度順利實施所應建立的配套機構。
  17. An efficient wind field simulation technique for wind - induced vibration analysis of long - span bridges is first introduced in this paper ， and the statistic characteristics of the simulated wind field are then discussed on this basis ， the time - domain expressions for the buffeting and self - excited forces acting on long - span bridges are further given a simple and practical method is presented for the non - linear parameter identification involved in the calculation of self - excited forces by using the above theory ， the wind field and aerodynamic forces acting on the hong kong ting kau bridge are obtained the time - domain buffeting response analysis of the bridge shows that the analytic results agree quite well with the experimental ones this indicates that the theory presented in this paper has reached a practical level

    介紹了一種快速高效的用於大跨度橋梁風致振動分析的風場模擬方法，並對模擬風場的統計性質進行了討論和驗證在此基礎上進一步給出了大跨度橋梁抖振力和自激力的時域表達方式，其中針對自激力計算中涉及的參數識別問題，提出了一種簡單實用的非線性參數識別方法本文採用上述理論，獲得了作用於香港汀九大橋上的風場和氣動力，據此對大橋進行的抖振響應時域分析表明，計算結果與風洞試驗結果吻合良好，說明文中述及的這套理論已達到實用的階段
  18. This text is spoken of with the relation of the increase in investment from the economic growth, it has stated the realistic meaning of the selected title ; and then we come through the angle of compare system economics, western economics of the tradition, economics of the information separately, propose that the scarcity of resources and asymmetry of the information are natural quality origin and social origin of the decision of investment project

    本文從經濟增長與投資增長的關系談起，說明了選題的現實意義；又分別從傳統西方經濟學、信息經濟學和比較制度經濟學角度，提出資源的稀缺性和信息不對稱性是投資項目決策的自然性根源和社會性根源，分權化是研究投資項目決策問題的經濟結構性原因，進而闡明了本文選題的理論意義和現實意義。
  19. The paper ' s main content consists of introduction, system total framework and function analysis, software framework and its reality, system real - time analysis and multi - task dispatching, system networking and communication, system installation and debugging. in the introduction, the background and the necessity of the developing the system is explained. at the basic of the technology requirement, the system framework is designed., and the function of which is given some illustration. using the object - oriented technology, the system ' s function module is given and realized, in which the man - machine interface is given illustration in detail. more important, the real - time performance and multi - task of dispatching & supervising system is discussed in detail, which have some theorectical level. in chapter 5, the networking and communication question is discussed, the real - time communication is in detail discussed. at last the system installation and debugging is given some demonstration. by participating in the technical reform project, i have acquired a great deal of practical engineering experience. my ability of analysis and solving complex problems in practice have been greatly enhanced

    論文的主要內容包括緒論，系統的總體結構和系統功能分析，軟體結構和實現，系統的實時性分析和多任務調度，系統聯網和通信，現場安裝及調試幾部分；其中在緒論部分主要對研發該系統的背景及其必要性問題作了簡要說明；接著根據系統的技術要求，提出了系統的總體結構設計方案，並對結構的各個部分作了說明；文中對系統軟體的設計採用面向對象的技術，劃分出系統軟體的各個功能模塊，並對其作了具體的實現，其中對人機界面部分的實現作了詳細的分析；接下來採用實時系統的理論對調度監督系統的實時性和多任務調度問題做了詳盡的論述，具有一定的理論層次。
  20. It can be drawn that the one dimension equation is fit here and the simplification make the equation more close to the engineering application

    結果表明，二者相吻合，從而說明在本文問題中，一維模型是有效的。這樣使問題得到簡化，從而更接近工程應用。
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