財政約束 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cáizhèngyāoshù]
財政約束 英文
financial co traint
  • 財 : 名詞（金錢和物資的總稱） wealth; property; valuables
  • 政 : 名詞1 （政治） politics; political affairs 2 （國家某一部門主管的業務） certain administrative as...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 束 : Ⅰ動詞1 （捆; 系） bind; tie 2 （控制; 約束）control; restrain Ⅱ量詞（用於捆在一起的東西） bundle;...
  • 財政 : （國家對資財的收入與支出的管理活動） （public） finance; government finance; public economy
  • 約束 : keep within bounds; restrain; bind; bound; boundage;tie; restraint; restriction; engagement; repr...
  1. They are : reinforce government budget restriction ; consummate the system of public finance of education ; add the sources of income of public finance of education ; reform the means of education grants ; improve the administration of education expenditure

    主要包括：強化政府預算約束；完善教育財政體制；拓寬教育財政的收入來源；改進教育撥款方式；提高教育財政管理效率。
  2. The tax treatment is unfair among different businesses and different tax - payers. the abnormal taxation certainly results in the abnormal development of the bank and securities industry. the difference between the taxation of china bank and securities industry and the foreign taxation that include the taxing scope, the abstraction and materialization of taxation, the taxation operation, the sanction and transparency of tax law, the seriousness of taxing administration and tax policy choice, not only provide the opportunity for the foreign finance institution which can carry out tax planning, moreover tax equity, but also likely lead to that the foreign finance institution lack confidence to china market and policy, finally affect its investment and result in tax unfairness among tax - payers

    長期以來，我國財政與金融的特殊關系使得財政對銀行業實行「特殊」的稅收政策，銀行業整體稅負高於製造業以及非金融性的服務業，中資金融企業稅負高於外資金融機構，過重的稅負使得銀行資本充足率難以保證，發展失去后勁；二是我國銀行業和證券業稅制結構不合理、稅制不規范、不科學，銀行和證券業內部不同行業、不同納稅人之間稅收待遇不公平，畸形的稅制必將導致銀行與證券業的畸形發展；三是我國銀行業和證券業稅制與外國稅制的差異，包括征稅范圍大小、稅制的抽象化與具體化、稅制的可操作性、稅收法律約束力和透明度、稅收執法的嚴肅性等差異，不僅給外資金融機構進行稅務籌劃甚至偷逃稅提供了可乘之機，而且還可能使得外資金融機構對中國市場、對政府政策缺乏信心，而影響其投資，也導致納稅人之間稅負不公。
  3. Chapters 6 constrain mechanism in multi - level fiscal system

    第6章分級財政制度中的約束機制。
  4. Nevertheless, in the past, our financial management always focused on the income management, and on the other hand, in the aspect of the expenditure management, problems coursed by the old system such as disorder of budgets, weak restrictions and low efficiencies of the expenditure had not been submitted to the agenda of reform

    然而，過去我國財政管理的重心一直是收入管理，而在支出管理方面，舊體制所造成的預算不規范，預算軟約束、財政支出效率不高等問題卻一直沒能提上改革議程。
  5. The government auditing supervision is to control the whole income and expenses of the government to make the government ’ s behavior that conducts financial transactions for the people can conform to the standard, be efficient and honest. in the mean time, it is a complex and comprehensive supervising system

    政府審計監督就是對整個政府收支活動進行約束，使得受眾人之託的政府為眾人理財的行為規范、高效、廉潔，它是一個復雜全面的監督體系。
  6. This research is based on the increasing abuses of authority power due to constraints lacking in the realm of public finance, which have been eroding the foundation of the market economy

    研究的現實背景在於政府權力缺乏約束條件下財政領域存在的日益嚴重的濫收濫支現象，正破壞著市場經濟健康發展的基礎。
  7. Policy solutions for effectively promoting rural infrastructure construction under financial retrenchment

    財政緊約束下有效促進農村基礎設施建設的政策選擇
  8. In aspect of urban infrastructure construction ' s financing, apart from support from the government revenue, efforts should be made in developing the capital market so as to widen sourcing of fund raising, in gradually opening the investment market for urban infrastructure construction and fostering, encourage and guiding the participating in urban construction of economies of different ownerships, and actively marking use of foreign capital in urban construction, so as to accomplish a new system of investment and fund raising for urban infrastructure construction that features pluralization of the markers of investment in urban infrastructure construction, market - orientation of the capital sourcing and diversification of the investment mode, and in establishing and perfection of the mechanism of self - discipline for risk with investment so as to enhance efficiency of the investment

    本文通過對我國城市基礎設施建設投融資體系歷史變革情況的回顧和對當前投融資體系中存在問題的分析，就城市建設資金的籌措和建設資金的管理進行了研究。在城市基礎設施建設資金的籌措方面，除靠政府財政投入外，還應通過發展資本市場，不斷拓寬融資渠道；要逐步開放城市基礎設施投資市場，支持、鼓勵和引導多種所有制經濟參與城市建設，並積極利用外資投資于城市建設，實現城市基礎設施建設投資主體的多元化、資本來源市場化、投資方式多樣化的新的投融資體制；要建立和完善投資風險的自我約束機制，提高投資效益。
  9. Seeing that service expiration auditing ( sea ) has positive effects on supervising the behavior of leaders, defending the financial law and discipline and promoting the development of the market - driven economy in our country, it has been also carried out in college since 2000

    鑒于地方經濟責任審計對加強領導幹部的監督，維護財經法紀，促使領導幹部不斷提高管理水平和遵紀守法意識以及自我約束能力，推動黨風廉政建設，促進社會主義市場經濟的發展等方面，發揮了積極作用，從2000年起，高校全面推行了領導幹部經濟責任審計工作。
  10. In the perspective of strengthening cfo ' s self - management, the thesis thinks that measures could be taken to develop cfo market so as to enhance restrictions to cfos and make condition for cfo ' s selection from cfo market. these measures include : eliminating administrative intervention, promoting cfo ' s specialization, creating cfo ' s growing environment and constructing cfo ' s entering mechanism. moreover, the thesis takes american canadian and australian financial executive institutes as the basis, centers on cfo ' s self - management in our country, and proposes that cfo ' s ethics code and praising - punishing mechanism should be established, cfo ' s qualification identification and ability structure should be accomplished, and cfo ' s successive training should be intensified

    從加強總會計師行業管理角度，提出應從消除行政干預、促進總會計師的職業化、創造總會計師的成長條件和構造總會計師的產生機制等方面培育總會計師人才市場，加強對總會計師的約束，並為市場化的選聘總會計師創造條件；在研究美國、澳大利亞、日本等國財務經理協會職能的基礎上，探討了完善我國總會計師行業自律管理的問題，提出了建立總會計師職業道德準則和獎懲機制、建立總會計師資格認證制度和能力框架體系、加強后續教育等自律措施。
  11. First, the paper discusses asset securitization financing structure can reduce information cost and supervision cost to realize financing at low cost from economic angle, and then analyses restrained conditions of establishing internal asset securitization market and feasibility of power plants asset - securitization financing and then the paper comes up with frame - structured model and operation procedure of internal power plants asset securitization, namely raising money for power plants by establishing securitization center and issuing asset - backed securities, and expounds each technical links. last, the paper carries out a trial explore into the opportunities and problems that may exist during practicing power plants asset - securitization in shan ' xi province, and also makes several suggestions from the aspects of policy, legislation and system, and then makes a conclusion that asset securitization should choose a way developing in practice

    論文首先從經濟角度論述了資產證券化融資結構可以降低企業融資過程中的信息成本、管製成本，實現低成本融資；然後分析了我國建立資產證券化市場的約束條件以及電力生產企業進行資產證券化融資的可行性；之後提出了我國電力生產企業資產證券化融資的框架結構模型及運作程序：由財政部設立證券化中心發行資產支持證券的方式為電力生產企業融通資金，並對各技術環節進行了闡述；最後對陜西省推行電力生產企業資產證券化融資的機會及問題進行了調研分析，並從政策、法律、體制等方面針對性地提出了對策及建議，指出其證券化應選擇在實踐中發展的道路。
  12. Based on the product nature of rural health care service and the theory of public finance, this dissertation analyses the implication of the conception and basic characteristics of rural health care & security system fiscal supported, illustrates the demand and supply equilibrium characteristic of rural health care market, and then constructs theoretical frame work for the current study. through learning from the typical experience of success in the fiscal support for rural health care & security system ( fsrhcss ) in developed countries and systematically exploring the evolution of the fsrhcss in our own country, empirical research methodology was employed to examine the quantitative characteristics of fsrhcss, to explore the weak points in the current fsrhcss in our own country and their influence, and finally to analyze the reasons responsible for the weak points from diverse perspectives and predict a reasonable scale for fsrhcss. based on the above analysis, a fsrhcss model is developed and relevant policy suggestions are put forward

    本文從農村醫療衛生服務的產品屬性出發，以公共產品、公共選擇、利益集團等公共財政相關理論為依據，界定公共財政支持農村醫療保障的概念內涵、基本特徵;揭示農村醫療衛生服務市場中供需均衡的條件及影響因素，建立公共財政支持農村醫療衛生的理論框架;運用制度分析方法系統考察我國財政支持農村醫療保障制度的變遷歷程及特徵;運用回歸分析、 granger因果檢驗等計量經濟學工具實證財政支持農村醫療衛生的數量特徵及對農民健康投入的影響;在實證分析基礎上剖析我國財政支持農村醫療衛生保障的問題;針對財政支持農村醫療衛生保障中政府職能的缺位、財政體制的變革、宏觀制度環境約束等多方面原因，圍繞政府投入為主的農村多元化、多層次醫療保障體系構建，提出通過轉變政府職能、規范政府間財政關系及解除制度環境約束等措施加強公共財政對農村醫療衛生保障的支持。
  13. To idiographic institution, the main causes of the debts forming are as follow : the finance rights and affair rights are digit in the process of the finance and tax system, the finance rights are up collecting, and the affairs rights are down moving, the finance gap formed in the process of the finance and tax system, the comparative economic shrink in the anaphase country reform, the finance ingathering became fewer : the political and the administration system reform is disjoint to the economic system reform, the village and town government financial action is lost echo obligation, the expenditure break through the budget, and so on, otherwise, the country financial system reform is lag, the invests are becoming bad for the country government intervention to economic field, the country government action is short of efficient criterion, cut down the centre transferring geld to the farmers and delay to carry out the legal payment ; the effective supervision to the loan is short of about national to the non - financial machine, and so on, so the debts form at last

    但從根本講，還是制度的原因，是國家通過制度的安排來對利益進行重新分配，導致鄉鎮政府財政收入短缺，產生債務需求，最終形成債務。從具體的制度上看，主要有:財稅體制改革中的財權與事權的錯位，財權向上集中、事權不斷下移;農村稅費改革產生財政缺口;農村改革後期出現的經濟相對萎縮，財政收入減少;政治制度和行政管理制度改革與經濟改革脫節，鄉鎮政府財政行為失去應有的約束，導致開支突破預算等等，產生債務需求。另外，農村金融體制改革的滯后;鄉鎮政府對經濟領域的高度介入，出現經濟投資虧損;政府行為缺乏有效規范，截留老百姓的轉移支付款項、拖延履行法定支付義務;國家對非金融機構借貸行為缺乏有效監管等等，產生債務供給。
  14. Analysis on comparing rs with seo is done by means of pricing patterns, biding bodies, amounts of issue and risk to underwriting, etc. on the basis of over analysis, we present some practical measures to make better the rs and seo : to improve financial parameter which is necessary for the qualification of rs, refrain non - circuiting stockholders to improperly take part in rationing shares and give up rationig shares, set standards to the policy of dividend distribution, establish the transaction market of rights of rationing shares

    對配股與增發新股進行比較研究，主要從兩者的本質區別、定價方法、認購對象、發行數量、股本結構變化以及券商承銷風險等方面展開。在以上分析的基礎上，提出了完善配股、增發新股的具體措施:改進配股資格的財務控制參數，約束國有股、法人股股東的參配、棄配行為，規范上市公司股利分配政策，建立配股權交易市場;在增發價格與公司的內在價值相符的前提下實施小折扣發行，引入超額配售選擇權，建立募集資金的專戶存儲制度。
  15. The budget reform of department is not merely the improvement of preparing method or means of the budget. it is even not merely a basic change from idea to content of traditional budget that is continued to use for many years. it is the revolutionary action for the whole framework of market economy of our country and public finance basic frame

    部門預算改革不僅僅是預算編制方法和手段的改進，甚至也不僅僅是對沿用多年的傳統預算編制方法從觀念到內容的根本改變，而且是對我國市場經濟整體構架和公共財政基本框架，以及對政府行為的約束、監督與規范產生根本影響的革命性舉措。
  16. As for the limitation of financial analysis, i also considered the influence of other related environmental factors, such as the competitive pattern of domestic banking market, restriction on cross - industries operation, policies on banks " price making right, the development of technology and web

    鑒于財務分析的局限性，我還分析了影響國有商業銀行盈利能力的外部環境因素，如銀行業的競爭格局、混業經營的限制、商業銀行定價決策的政策約束及科技與網路的發展等。
  17. The biggest question is china ' s supervision authorities employs tough policies on finance companies. according to newspaper, a new system will be constituted recently, which gives finance companies much more freedom. it will be great for the development of china ' s financial system

    近年來我國企業集團財務公司有了很大的發展，成績喜人，但無論是在規模還是資產質量上都遠遠落後于西方發達國家的財務公司，最大的問題在政策層面對財務公司的約束較多。
  18. But affected buy plan economy way, hunan electric power line equipment & materials factory haven ’ t research on iron tower product marketing : research on electric power build environment and policy ; forecast of iron tower product market capacity and market prospect in coming 5 - 10 years or far. thereby is lack of integration think about iron tower product marketing strategy. in this thesis, the author coalition strategy, management, marketing and finance knowledge, on the base of economy, policy, technology macro … environment and produce, technology, manpower, finance ability, corporation culture, marketing manage way micro environment assay, exert swot way, discovery the strengths 、 weaknesses 、 opportunities and threats on hunan electric power line equipment & materials factory iron tower product

    在本文中，作者結合所學習的戰略管理、營銷和財務知識，在湖南電力線路器材廠鐵塔產品市場競爭的經濟、政策、技術和行業等外部和生產規模、技術能力、人力資源、財務能力、企業文化、營銷管理模式等內部環境進行粗略分析基礎上，運用swot方法歸納了湖南電力線路器材廠鐵塔產品營銷的政策、歷史悠久、品牌知名度和美譽度高、技術積累、文化等方面的優勢和體制約束、生產規模和生產能力偏小、資金周轉困難、鐵塔加工成本過高、營銷管理模式等方面的劣勢，以及經濟發展和技術革新帶來的機會和體制改革和新的加工工藝帶來的威脅，根據企業的營銷戰略目標，進而提出了相關的鐵塔產品組合、產品包裝和服務策略、價格策略、渠道策略和顧客關系、供應商關系和同行關系等關系營銷策略和具體實施，並制定其營銷實施方案。
  19. Restrained by fiscal resources, how to perfect fiscal agricultural support system and to raise fiscal agricultural support efficiency is the main problem that must be resolved for reforming china fiscal agricultural support policy and perfecting support fund management

    在國家財力有限性的客觀約束下，如何完善財政農業支持體系，提高財政農業支持效率是我國財政農業支持政策改革和支持資金管理工作中面臨的主要問題。
  20. As the result of the intergovernmental fiscal relation, the behaviors of governments reflect the goals and restrictions of governments ; however the behaviors of governments also adjust and change the intergovernmental fiscal relation. analyzing the behaviors of governments can help us to grasp the essence of the intergovernmental fiscal relation

    政府行為是這些表現形式中，最主要的組成部分，因為各級政府是構成政府間財政關系的行為主體，政府行為反映了政府的目標和所面臨的約束條件，政府行為不僅是政府間財政關系的產物和結果，而且還調節、改變著政府間財政關系。
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