費力地步行 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bìlìdebùháng]
費力地步行 英文
footslog
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  • 步 : Ⅰ名詞1 （步度; 腳步） pace; step 2 （階段） stage; step 3 （地步; 境地） condition; situation; st...
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 費力 : need or use great effort; be strenuous
  • 步行 : go on foot; walk步行鍛煉法 deambulation; 步行機 pedipulator; walking machine; walkie talkie; 步行...
  1. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  2. Protrude the country ' s status as the main body in the process of investment as well, strengthen the power of governmental investment by imposing the tax instead of collecting the additional fees, set up the educational banks, strengthen the construction of the weak primary schools and middle schools, improve the guaranteed systems of teachers payment through the measures above, make the compulsory education investment scientifically and standard, and promote the comprehensive development of education positively

    在投資過程中要逐步突出國家在義務教育投資中的主體地位、加大政府投入力度、採取以正稅代替教育費附加、建立教育銀行、加強薄弱中小學校建設、完善教師工資保障機制等措施，使我國的義務教育投資逐步科學化和規范化，為義務教育的全面發展發揮更加積極的推動作用。
  3. For overcoming the malpractice of this system, lightening the burden of the peasants, the author has been to many villages and towns of yingkou city area to make an on - the - spot investigation. through discussions with peasants and officials at all levels in charge of agriculture and taxation, studying all the related documentations on fees and taxes reform in the rural area, the author analyzes the importance, causes and the difficulties of the fees and taxes reform, studies basic practices and the effect of transforming administrative fees into taxes in anhui province, the current situation of yingkou city area and the relative policies of the state. in this article, from keeping fees and taxes reform the normal nature, strengthening supervision in fees and taxes reform management, increasing propagating, standardizing fees and taxes levy and manage organization and range, advancing fees and taxes reform positively and steadily, the author proposes a tentative plan and measures on the fees and taxes reform in yingkou as well as issues needing attention

    為了克服這種體制的弊端，切實減輕農民負擔，本文作者深入到營口市一部分鄉（鎮） 、村幹部群眾中進行調研，並與稅務、農業主管部門的同志進行了座談，了解情況，徵求意見，研究了大量有關農村稅費改革的文獻資料，分析了稅費改革的重要意義、稅費問題產生的原因和改革的難點，研究了安徽省稅費改革的基本做法和主要成效，分析了營口市稅費改革的現狀和國家有關政策，從保持稅費改革的規范性、強化對稅費改革的監督管理、加大宣傳力度、規范稅費征管機構及管理范圍和要積極穩步地推進稅費改革幾個方面，提出了營口市稅費改革方案措施的的初步設想及應該注意的有關問題。
  4. It is shown that the target export rebate system should be established through five facets : the reform of the value - added tax ( vat ) system, the setting of the rebate rate, the unification of the administrative measure of the export rebate, the optimization of the rebate fiscal burden and the strengthen of the administration of the export rebate, which can ultimately acquire the least rebate cost and the maximum rebate benefit. to be detail, first, the existing vat system should be reformed, the vat system should be transformed from the production model to consumption model and the administration of levying tax should be strengthened, which can establish a good basis for the optimization of the export rebate system ; second, after considering the national and international practical situation comprehensively, the suitable rebate rate which is combined " neutral and different " should be chosen, and a set of elastic system of rebate rate which has both relative stability and timing flexibility should be establish ed ; third, with the further deepening of the reform of foreign trade system and the gradual improvement of the ability of the administration of the export rebate, the existing two kinds of administrative measures should be gradually transited to the single measure - " exemption, credit and rebate " ; forth, the existing sharing measure of vat should be innovated, the new rebate burden system - " first rebate then share " should be built ; fifth, a set of stimulation and restriction system of export enterprises and tax authorities should be built to strengthen the administration of export rebate effectively

    研究表明，我國目標出口退稅機制需要從五個方面進行構建：即增值稅制度改革、退稅率設置、退稅管理辦法統一、退稅財政分擔優化和退稅管理的強化，最終方可達到總體退稅成本最低和退稅收益的最大化。更具體地說，一是改革現行增值稅制度，將我國增值稅制度由生產型逐步轉為消費型，並強化征稅管理，為退稅機制的優化奠定基礎；二是在綜合考慮國內國際實際情況的前提條件下，選擇適宜我國的「中性與非中性」相結合的退稅率，並建立一套具有相對穩定性和適時靈活性的彈性退稅率機制；三是伴隨著外貿體制改革的進一步深化和退稅管理能力的逐步提高，將現行兩種出口退稅管理辦法逐步過渡到以「免、抵、退」為主的單一管理辦法；四是改革現行增值稅共享辦法，建立「先退稅后共享」的新型退稅負擔機制；五是建立一套針對出口企業和稅務機關的激勵約束機制，有效強化出口退稅的管理。
  5. Thirdly, the paper will deal with the frictions on japanese defense forces and defense expenses. i ' ll not only analyze the origin and development of the " free - ride ", and different " burden sharing " views, but also analyze how the japan makes use of the alliance relationship to enhance its economical power, and make use of american pressure to strengthen its military power. fourthly, the paper will discuss the frictions on military technology

    第三個方面是日美在日本增強防衛力和增加防衛費問題上的摩擦，在此本文不僅分析了美國對日本的「白乘安全車」論和「責任分擔」論的由來，而且對日本如何利用日美同盟成為經濟大國，而後又利用美國的壓力一步步地增強自己的軍事力量的過程進行了闡釋。
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