賠償限度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [péichángxiàndù]
賠償限度 英文
measure of indemnity
  • 賠 : 動詞1. （賠償） compensate; pay for 2. （做買賣虧本錢） stand a loss
  • 償 : 動詞1. （歸還; 抵補） repay; compensate for 2. （滿足） meet; fulfil
  • 限 : Ⅰ名詞（指定的范圍; 限度） limit; bounds Ⅱ動詞（指定范圍, 不許超過） set a limit; limit; restrict
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 賠償 : compensate for; make compensation; pay for; satisfaction; penalty; reparation
  • 限度 : limit; limitation; measure; tether
  1. Approvers expounds and proves its reasonable existence from its legal value and functions, rejecters think that system confuses the division of public law and private law, runs counter to the developing of modem division of civil law and criminal law the high and unlimited punitive compensation sum which the plaintiff gets is called illegal profits and it will lead to the abuse of suing right easily

    反對者則認為懲罰性賠償混淆了公私法的劃分，違背現代民刑分立的發展趨勢，原告獲得高額且不作限制的懲罰性賠償金屬于不當得利，並容易導致訴權的濫用；懲罰性賠償制度本身的缺陷，容易使制度目的落空。
  2. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  3. User explicitly acknowledges and agrees that, except as expressly provided in the preceding paragraph, to the fullest extent allowed by law, hktb shall not be obligated or liable for any direct damages, contract damages, indirect damages, incidental damages, consequential damages, special damages, exemplary damages, warranty, tort including negligence damages, product liability damages or liabilities including, but not limited to, loss of digital content, prints, digital storage media, revenue and or profit, etc damages arising with respect to your use of discoverhongkong. com e - invites and the service, even if we have been advised or have knowledge of the possibility of such damages

    用戶明確確認及同意，除非前文各段有明確規定，否則在法律許可的最大限度下，香港旅遊發展局無需就閣下使用discoverhongkong . com e請卡及本服務而引起的任何直接損害賠償合約損害賠償間接損害賠償附帶損害賠償相應損害賠償特別損害賠償懲罰性損害賠償保證侵權包括疏忽損害賠償產品責任損害賠償或法律責任包括但不限於數碼內容列印本數碼儲存媒體收益及或利潤的損失而承擔任何責任，即使香港旅遊發展局已獲知會或已知悉該等損害賠償的可能性亦然。
  4. Owing to the special nature of environmental torts, the existing environmental civil liability system based on the traditional individual responsibility has obvious limitations in coping with the serious consequences of environmental torts, particularly when the inflicter can not be identified or unable to afford his liabilities

    由於環境侵權的特殊性，建立在傳統個別責任基礎上的我國現行環境民事賠償責任制度存在明顯的局限性，無法應對環境侵權造成的嚴重後果，特別在加害人不能確定或者雖能確定而其負擔能力有限時，更是束手無策。
  5. The paper refer to the two oil pollution compensation regimes, one is established by the 1969 international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage and the 1971 international convention on the establishment of an international fund for compensation for oil pollution damage, another is established by the oil pollution act of 1990 of america, combine with the oil pollution compensation cases in recent years, introduce the present situation of oil pollution compensation in our country, discuss several problems in practice of oil pollution compensation, such as the scope of oil pollution compensation, the claimant of oil pollution compensation, the responsible party and liability of oil pollution compensation, the evidence of oil pollution damage case, the limits on liability of oil pollution compensation, present that our country would draft the oil pollution compensation law according to the principles of the oil pollution act of 1990 of america and establish the complete oil pollution compensation regime, which the responsible party and the user of oil joint compensa te the oil pollution damage, expect to completely settle the problems of oil pollution compensation

    本文比較《 69民事責任公約》 、 《 71基金公約》及其議定書和美國《 1990年油污法》建立的兩套油污損害賠償的法律制度，結合近年來油污損害賠償的案例，介紹了我國油污損害賠償的現狀，並就油污染損害賠償實踐中的油污損害賠償范圍、油污損害賠償的索賠主體、油污損害賠償主體和責任、油污損害案件的證據問題、油污損害賠償的責任限制幾個具體法律問題展開討論，提出我國可以重點參照美國《 1990年油污法》制定專門的《油污損害賠償法》 ，建立由污染責任人和油類受益人共同賠償的完整油污損害賠償制度，以期徹底解決油污損害賠償的問題。
  6. The deposit insurance system ( dis ) is a system that after the qualified deposit financial institutions pay insurance premium to the special deposit insurance corporation ( dic ) according to a fixed proportion, dig must offer the liquidity aids to the financial institutions or take the place of the failure institutions to pay the depositors back within a fixed limit when the payment crises occur or they fail

    存款保險制度是指符合條件的存款金融機構，按照一定比例向專門的存款保險機構繳納保險費，當這些金融機構出現支付危機或破產清盤時，存款保險機構向其提供流動性資助或代替破產機構在一定限度內對存款人給予賠償的制度。
  7. These measures include : make the system of securities laws to perfect, consummate the institutions of the legal person in the listed companies, base securities regulatory authority to regulate the securities market according to law, maintain order of the securities market and ensure the lawful operation of the same, reinforce continuing disclosure of information and the system of financial and accounting reports, make the listed companies shall immediately submit an ad hoc report on the details of such major event to the securities regulatory authority and to the stock exchanging and the same known to the general public, promote investors consciousness of protecting themselves and consummate the civil litigation mechanism to gain compensation and damages, make use of the press to supervise the stock market and reinforce punishment to the persons who act securities fraud

    在這些原則的指導下，本文提出了一套規制證券欺詐的具體法律措施.包括健全證券法律體系，做到證券欺詐的規制有法可依;完善上市公司的法人治理結構，建立完善的證券監管體系，尤其對證券業協會的性質、功能和職責從法律上給予明確界定以確保充分發揮證券行業的自律作用，最大限強化信息披露責任，嚴格會計制度，力求信度地避免證券欺詐行為發生;強化信息披露貢任，產格會計刷度，刀水侶息準確，披露及時;增強廣大中小投資者的自我保護意識，完善賠償訴訟機制;依法賦予新聞媒體輿論監督權，充分發揮新聞媒體監督作用;深入研究證券欺詐者心理規律，加強法律懲治力度
  8. Firstly, the spouse who can ask compensation for divorce damage is the one without fault only, and the one who undertake the duty should be the spouse who has fault. secondly, the evidence gained from catching the adultery can be employed, but some measures must be applied to restrict it. thirdly, the compensation for divorce includes compensation for both material and spiritual damages, and the emphasis is the latter one

    離婚損害賠償制度在實施過程中，必須注意下列問題： 1 、離婚損害賠償的權利主體只能是無過錯配偶，義務主體只能是過錯配偶； 2 、捉姦取得的證據可以採用，但必須有一定的限制； 3 、離婚損害賠償范圍包括財產損害賠償和精神損害賠償，重點在於精神損害賠償； 4 、離婚損害賠償請求權必須在特定的期間內行使，否則，將得不到有效保護。
  9. The remedy system of anticipatory breach is a new thing to china. the main purpose of this essay is to find out what is anticipatory breach of contract and the rights of the innocent party from studying continental genealogy of law, anglo - american genealogy of law, international convention and international customs. this essay includes nine parts

    英美法上創立的預期毀約制度，根據不同的預期毀約情形賦予守約方在履行期限到來之前享有不同的權利：或解除合同，提起損害賠償訴訟，使守約方從無望的合同中解脫出來；或中止合同的履行，要求對方提供保證，減低守約方的不安全感。
  10. As i have mentioned above, so far china ' s compensation system for spiritual damages is still imperfect, which is mainly characterized by : the applying scope is too narrow ; a person who can share the right encounters many strict limits ; compensation sum and standard are in lack of u - nity ; etc. according to the dements that exist in the system, i suggest that to perfect it, we should fulfill the following points : first, make clear the definition of spiritual damages and confirm the system by construction ; second, further widen the applying scope of compensation for spiritual damages ; third, reduce the limits that people encounter

    針對我國精神損害賠償制度的缺陷，筆者認為，要完善我國精神損害賠償制度，應從以下幾方面著手:第一，明確精神損害賠償的概念和從立法上確認精神損害賠償制度;第二，應進一步拓寬精神損害賠償的適用范圍;第三，請求精神損害賠償的主體應放寬條件限制;第四，在責任方式上，應該採取財產方式與非財產方式並重的「雙軌制」 ;第五，精神損害賠償的標準和數額須進一步明確;第六，應確立刑事附帶精神損害賠償制度。
  11. Because of the flaws in the arrest legislative system and judicial practice, there are many problems existing in the present arrest system, like overtime arrest, custody contained in arrest, catching the wrong person or over - trapping, the understanding of evidence standard to arrest, the liability of wrong catching, undertaking national compensation and so on

    盡管如此，由於逮捕制度立法體系及司法實踐中存在一些缺陷，使得現行逮捕制度中出現了大量的問題，如逮捕時限過長，逮捕羈押合一、錯捕濫捕、逮捕證據標準的理解、錯捕的刑事責任承擔國家賠償等等。
  12. The content of this course are as followings : the concept of the commercial law, features of commercial law, basic principles of commercial, the players in commercial field, behaviors, registration system, trade name, accounting books, the overview of corporate law and corporation, the classification of corporation, the establishement of company, the capital system under compnay law, share and assets, shareholders and their rights, corporate governance, merger and acquisation, overview of bankruptcy law, ? substantive bankruptcy law, procedure ? bankruptcy law, overview of commercial paper law, the classification and the basic rules of commercial paper, overview security law, ? issue and sponsor system, listing and trade system, investment fund system, overview of issurance law, issurance contract, property issurance, life issurance, issurance industry, maritime law, vessel and stewages, transportation contract, leasing vessel contract, incidents and the liability system etc

    課程內容包括，商法的概念、特徵、基本原則、商主體、商行為、商事登記、商號、商事帳簿、公司與公司法概述、公司的分類、公司的設立、公司的資本制度、股份與股票、股東與股權、公司的治理結構、公司的合併與解散、破產法概述、破產程序法、破產實體法、票據法概述、匯票、本票、支票、證券法的基本問題、證券市場主體法律制度、證券發行與承銷法律制度、證券上市及交易法律制度、證券投資基金制度、保險法概述、保險合同、財產保險、人身保險、保險業、海商法概述、船舶和船員、海上運輸合同、船舶租用合同和海上拖航合同、船舶碰撞、海難救助、共同海損、海事賠償責任限制等部分。
  13. Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law

    第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。
  14. 1 the measure of indemnity in respect of claims for unrepaired damage shall be the reasonable depreciation in the market value of the vessel at the time this insurance terminates arising from such unrepaired damage but not exceeding the reasonable cost of repairs

    1未修理的損害索賠的賠償限度，應為本保險終止時的船舶市場價值因此種未修理的損害引起的合理貶值，但不得超過合理的修理費用。
  15. Based on the default liability system and internal relations, the paper focuses on, discussing issues, reflecting the compensation rules in the contract restrictions and the needs to balance the interests of society

    摘要本文從違約賠償責任制度的體系和內部關系討論問題，以體現出賠償限制規則在調整合同關系、平衡社會利益中的必要性、重要性和公平性。
  16. The author makes a comparative analysis of the provisions of the prc maritime code regulating the liability of the carrier for the death of or personal injury to a passenger and the corresponding solutions of foreign laws and international conventions. she seeks to establish to what degree the solutions of international conventions have been incorporated into the prc maritime code and predict to what degree the amendment of athens convention will impact the domestic law. at the international level the carrier ' s liability has been stated by the 1974 athens convention relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea ( athens convention )

    《海商法》及其配套法規僅就海上旅客運輸合同中承運人對旅客人身傷亡損害賠償限額作出明確的規定，我國法律和實務界對海上旅客人身傷亡損害的賠償范圍沒有作出明確規定，故作者對運輸過程中應由承運人負責的旅客人身傷亡的金錢損害賠償和精神損害賠償展開討論，參照外國和國內的相關法律制度，明確其賠償范圍和具體的計算方法。
  17. Here and now, face to the embarrassment of our country ’ s environment pirate relief question, due to the result of the environment pirate of charter, the author thought offer the punitive damages to the hostile, serious environmental torts. in this way can correct interests to be damaged to compensate the uneven phenomenon with interests in a certain degree. making inflictors undertake punitive damages, can not only recover the damage of the victim ' s material, spirit, but also let the hostile inflictor undertake to resume cost of the ecological environment, raise it infringe cost, weaken its economic base of infringing

    環境侵權救濟中引入懲罰性賠償，在具體制度建構上應當以有故意或重大過失為主觀要件，以侵權人造成損害作為客觀要件;對環境侵權懲罰性的權利人、賠償義務人和具體賠償范圍加以界定;在懲罰性賠償金數額的確定上，以受害人所受的人身、財產、精神損失、環境權益的損失等為基礎，結合加害人主觀惡性大小、法律所期望產生的威懾力等因素加以判決;同時也有必要對懲罰性賠償制定相應的最高限額，並建立專門基金的方式對懲罰性賠償制度加以補充，以期更好地保護受害人的利益、恢復生態環境。
  18. The thesis constructs the system of civil compensate for environmental damage resulting from gene pollution in some aspects, such as liability principal, constitutive requirements, compensation principle, compensation range, compensation mode and certification of causality. the thesis thinks that some rules from traditional environmental tort should apply to environmental tort resulting from gmos, including no - fault liability, inferred causality and the inversion of the burden of proof. the thesis indicates china should found the funds for prevention of gene risk and create the system of funds for prevention of gene risk in some aspects, such as the mission of funds, resource of funds and operation of funds

    最後，本文認為，與傳統污染相比，基因污染有隱蔽性、增殖性、不可清除性和後果的不確定性等特點;基於風險防範原則和污染者負擔原則，從責任主體、構成要件、賠償原則、賠償范圍、賠償的類型、因果關系的鑒定等方面創造性地構建了gmos導致的環境損害民事賠償制度，主張傳統環境侵權中的無過錯責任原則、因果關系的推定和舉證責任的倒置等也應適用於gmos導致的環境侵權;鑒于傳統民事侵權賠償救濟的種種局限，本文強烈主張構建gmos損害賠償社會化救濟機制，即成立基因風險防範基金，並從基金的用途或任務、基金的來源和基金的具體運作等方面開拓性地建構了基因風險防範基金制度的雛形，設計了基因風險防範基金的兩個配套制度，即基因稅制和gmos強制責任保險制度。
  19. Thirdly, the author makes a analysis of the constitutive theory about the system of divorce compensation. it is important to discuss the objective elements - - tortious acts which contains bigmia, illegal cohabitation, domestic violence and maltreatment or abandonment

    第三部分：我國的離婚損害賠償制度與大多數國家和地區不同，不是以概括的方式而是以列舉的方式限定四種違法行為導致離婚的，無過錯配偶有權提出離婚損害賠償。
  20. But punitive damages is a sword with double blades, we should hold a appropriate limit in using it, hence, in order to exert it ' s positive function, we should set a limitation to it ' s scope of applying, condition and the amount of punitive damages

    但懲罰性賠償制度是雙刃劍，對該制度的適用應掌握合適的度，因此其對適用范圍、條件，額度應有所限制，方能發揮其積極作用。
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