運具選擇模式 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùnjùxuǎnzháimóshì]
運具選擇模式 英文
mode choice model
  • 運 : Ⅰ動詞1 （物體位置不斷變化） move; revolve 2 （搬運; 運輸） carry; transport 3 （運用） use; wield...
  • 選 : Ⅰ動詞1. （挑選） select; choose; pick 2. （選舉） elect Ⅱ名詞（挑選出來編在一起的作品） selections; anthology
  • 擇 : 擇動詞（挑選） select; pick; choose
  • 模 : 模名詞1. （模子） mould; pattern; matrix 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 選擇 : select; choose; opt; election; choice; culling; alternative
  • 模式 : model; mode; pattern; type; schema
  1. In the 20 years of reform and opening, shandong peninsula is the typical area in china with rapid economic development. the transition of second and third industr ies has achieved periodical success, but are facing fundamental structural and in stitutional confilects at present. the paper analyses the status in quo, advantage s and disadvantages of the transition, discusses the trends and rational patterns, and put forward the countermeasures of the transition. the author attempts to us e economic functions analyzing two kinds of develop patterns so as to compare th eir advantages. the paper strengthened the importance of labor intensified indust ry which is often ignored ; find out the key point of the transition of capital in tensified industry, extraverted economy and the third industry ; integrating the development rules of industry and region, bring forward the method of “ choosing priority, half step and walk faster ” for the growth of knowledge economy which is widely noticed recently

    山東半島是改革開放20年來區域經濟發展較快、在國內具有典型意義的地區，該區二三產業的轉型已取得初步成果，但仍面臨突出的結構性和體制性矛盾.本文分析了山東半島二三產業轉型的現狀、利弊條件，探討了轉型的趨勢和適宜模式，最後提出了對策和措施.文中嘗運用柯布?道格拉斯方程進行兩種發展模式的對比分析以辨別利弊，強調了常為人忽視的勞動密集型產業的作用，論述了發展資本密集型產業、外向型經濟及第三產業的重點，結合產業和區域發展規律，對近來廣受關注的知識經濟的發展提出了「選擇重點、小步快走」的觀點
  2. Abstract : a cad tool based on a group of efficient algorithms to verify, design, and optimize power / ground networks for standard cell model is presented. nonlinear programming techniques, branch and bound algorithms and incomplete cholesky decomposition conjugate gradient method ( iccg ) are the three main parts of our work. users can choose nonlinear programming method or branch and bound algorithm to satisfy their different requirements of precision and speed. the experimental results prove that the algorithms can run very fast with lower wiring resources consumption. as a result, the cad tool based on these algorithms is able to cope with large - scale circuits

    文摘:介紹了一個基於標準單元布圖模式的電源線/地線網路的輔助設計集成工具.它應用了一系列高效的演算法，為用戶提供了電源線/地線網路的設計、優化和驗證的功能.非線性優化技術、分枝定界演算法和不完全喬萊斯基分解的預優共軛梯度法是該工作的三個主體部分.用戶可以選擇使用非線性規劃的方法或者幾種分枝定界方法來滿足他們對于精度和速度方面的不同需求.實驗結果表明，文中所提供的演算法可以在很快的運行速度下實現更低的布線資源佔用.因此，在這些有效演算法基礎上實現的輔助設計工具具有處理大規模電路的能力
  3. With the research on design and construction specifications of subgrade slope protection, the author in this paper, based on the success experiences of subgrade slope protection all over the country, and considers the advanced technology and experience of abroad, analyzes the slope distress types and causes, and studies systemically the applicability and structure character of these slope protection model, then recommends the typical slope protection model which can used in the most area of our country ; according to the analysis and researches on the types of slope protection, this paper states selection principle of slope protection ; to get the statistical relations between slope surface erosion volumes and related factors, grasp the law of slope surface erosion on the whole, the simulate test of slope surface erosion is done in laboratory ; the drawing library software of typical slope protection is programmed by application the skill of autocad 2000 redevelopment and the tool of vba

    本文結合《路基邊坡防護設計與施工技術規范》課題的研究，在分析總結全國各地邊坡防護設計、施工方面的成功經驗的基礎上，借鑒發達國家公路路基邊坡防護的先進經驗和技術，剖析了路基邊坡的病害類型和原因，對各種類型的適用性及構造范圍進行了系統全面地研究；推薦出了適合我國大部分地區的邊坡防護型式；提出了防護類型選擇的原則；進行了室內邊坡坡面沖刷模擬試驗，得出填方路基坡面沖刷量與有關因素的統計關系，從宏觀上了解坡面沖刷的主要規律；應用autocad2000二次開發技術，運用vba開發工具，開發了邊坡典型防護型式圖庫。
  4. The thesis defines the concept of asset securitization, expounds characteristic and the condition to use. analyses the relationship between the choice of financing tool and the firm value, express max firm value is a good standard to weigh the tool. then, through the ri model and finance theory, the thesis explains the motivations of asset securitization, demonstrates the influence effect on firm value by qualitative and quantitative analysis of cost - benefit of corporate asset securitization, and discusses the role of asset securitization to solve corporate financing puzzle and the future of asset securitization in our country

    本文首先提出我國企業面臨的融資困境的實質是企業資本結構的不合理以及融資渠道單一影響的，即融資工具不能實現企業價值最大化;在對資產證券化的概念進行界定后，闡述了關于資產證券化的特徵，明確了資產證券化的特點和使用條件;分析了資產證券化工具的選擇與企業價值之間的關系，提出了企業價值最大化是衡量企業融資工具選擇是否合理的標準，為企業通過資產證券化融資提升企業價值提供了理論準備;然後，運用現代財務理論和剩餘收益模型，通過對我國企業資產證券化的實踐進行成本收益的定性和定量的效果分析，論證企業資產證券化對企業價值的影響效果;最後論述了我國實施資產證券化的現狀和未來發展，並且對我國實施資產證券化的具體方式提出了新的構想。
  5. According to the request of this subject, we have developed the system hardware and software for the slave device and the inspection software running on the pc. in this paper all of the followings is illustrated detailedly, such as the research on the principles of measurement and its realization, three means of water - level measurement that are separately based on photo electricity coder, pressure sensor and potentiometer ; selection of the microchip, we choose an advanced integrated soc ( system on chip ) microchip c8051f021 as the main controller ; realization of signal sampling, processing and its conversion in the mcu ; application of high precision 16 bits adc cmos chip - - ad7705 in our system, designing its interface with the microchip and relevant program ; using a trickle charge timekeeping chip ds1302 in the system which can provide time norm and designing of its i / o interface and program ; additionally, a 4 ~ 20ma current output channel to provide system check - up using ad421. in the system, ad421, ad7705 and the microchip compose spi bus ; to communicate with the master pc, here we use two ways which are separately rs232 and rs485 ; moreover, there are alarm unit, keyboard unit, power supply inspection unit and voltage norm providing unit in the system

    針對研製任務的要求，課題期間研製了下位機系統硬體和軟體，開發了上位機監控軟體，其中所作的具體工作包括：測量原理的研究和在系統中的實現，在本次設計中用三種方法來進行水位測量，分別是旋轉編碼器法、液位壓力傳感器法和可變電阻器法；主控晶元的選擇，我們選用了高集成度的混合信號系統級晶元c8051f021 ；實現了信號的採集和處理，包括信號的轉換和在單片機內的運算；高集成度16位模數轉換晶元ad7705在系統中的應用，我們完成了它與單片機的介面設計及程序編制任務；精確時鐘晶元ds1302在系統中的應用，在此，我們實現了用單片機的i o口與ds1302的連接和在軟體中對時序的模擬，該晶元的應用給整臺儀器提供了時間基準，方便了儀器的使用；另外，針對研製任務的要求，還給系統加上了一路4 20ma模擬信號電流環的輸出電路來提供系統監測，該部分的實現是通過採用ad421晶元來完成的，本設計中完成了ad421與單片機的spi介面任務，協調了它與ad7705晶元和單片機共同構成的spi總線系統的關系，並完成了程序設計；與上位機的通信介面設計，該部分通過兩種方法實現： rs232通信方式和rs485通信方式；系統設計方面還包括報警電路設計、操作鍵盤設計、電源監控電路設計、電壓基準電路的設計。
  6. It tries to find out effective cross - cultural managerial skills through analyzing a variety of culture conflicts in a international hotel. the approach to this research is case study. detailed analysis of the culture conflicts in the case is carried out by applying contemporary cross - culture management theories and the conclusions of differences between chinese culture and western culture. in conclusion, this study gets to the following points : 1. western managers should learn to know some common phenomena when they think of cross - culture communication. 2. this research puts forward 3 kinds of feedback and ways to realize them to deal with the information distortion in the process of communication. 3. avoidance of perceptible mistakes. 4. considering the cultural influence on decisions and accommodating different leading and motivating measures to different persons. 5. choosing appropriate managing staff and launching effective cross - culture training to serve the purpose of cro ss - culture management. 6. localization.

    本文選擇案例研究的方式，通過引入一個具體案例，運用中西方文化差異的廣泛共識性結論和當代跨文化管理理論，對案例中的文化沖突現象進行分析、探討，總結出跨國酒店在跨文化溝通中應認識中國文化背景下的一般性現象；通過運用溝通模型，進一步提出了減少溝通失真的三種反饋形式及實現方式；同時避免溝通中的知覺錯誤；在管理中注重文化對決策的影響，採取因人而異的領導方式和激勵方式。管理集團應注重選派合適的管理人員並開展有效的跨文化培訓，通過成功實現本地化來獲得跨文化管理的成功。
  7. First, the author reviewed the related literature of asset securitization, explained the connotation and the economical significance of asset securitization from many angles, analyzed several essential technologies of asset securitization through using the enterprise financing theory, the financial theory, the system economic theory and the law of averages, constructed a flow chart to analyze the structure and the flow of the operation of asset securitization ; then the author analyses the overseas development tendency as well as the overseas concrete procedure of non - performing loans securitization, proposed several enlightenment ; once more, the author analyzed our country ’ s feasibility of npls, then elaborated emphatically the operation thought of npls of our country commercial bank : regarding the establishment of spv, thought that it most suit the our country current national condition current through pouring the capital to adopt company spv the pattern in our country by the national property management company, and elaborated how to construct and manage the property pond, put forward many kinds of ways of credit enhance for non - performing loans, thought it is the best choice that the product of npls is designed for cmo, the senior bond adopts the public issue, the secondary bond adopt private issue

    首先，本文回顧了資產證券化研究的相關文獻，從多個角度闡釋了資產證券化的內涵和經濟意義，運用企業融資理論、金融理論、制度經濟學理論和大數定律剖析了資產證券化的幾項關鍵技術，構建了一個資產證券化流程圖來分析資產證券化運作的結構與流程;接著通過分析國外不良貸款證券化發展趨勢以及具體做法，提出了幾點啟示;再次，分析了我國不良貸款證券化的可行性，然後著重論述我國商業銀行不良貸款證券化的運作思路:對于spv的設立，認為在我國由國家資產管理公司注資採取公司型spv的模式最適合我國當前的國情;並論述了資產池的構建與管理;提出了對不良貸款進行信用增級的多種方式;認為將不良貸款證券化產品設計為抵押擔保債券，高級債券採取公開發行，次級債券採取私募發行是最佳選擇。
  8. The study, by choosing 1200 cadets from air force radar academy as the objects of study, using epq personality questionnaires, social support evaluation chart and coping ways questionnaires as the measuring tools and conducting statistical analysis by means of spss 10. 0 and lisrel8. 3, discloses the interrelation among the military cadets personality tendency, social support and choices of coping ways and checks the hypothetical models by ways of sem

    本研究以空軍雷達學院的1220名學員為研究對象，以《 epq人格問卷》 、 《社會支持評定量表》 、 《應付方式問卷》為測量工具，運用spss10 . 0和lisrel8 . 3進行統計分析，揭示了軍校學員人格傾向、社會支持、應付方式選擇三者之間的關系，用結構方程模型（ sem ）的方法驗證了假設模型。
  9. Based on the features, disadvantages and constraints of iheeb in china, the author draws a series of conclusions and gives some basic suggestions for constructing and developing chinese iheeb. the main suggestions are as follows. it is suitable for china to opt for the construction of " government - dominated " iheeb, which are directed by five basic principles - synchronizing the construction of theeb with the reform of the political system and the higher education system, laying equal stress on academic orientation and administrative orientation, structuring iheeb well and running them efficiently, managing iheeb to norms, and implementing iheeb in terms of stages and regions

    通過綜述國內外相關研究成果，在採用文獻研究、比較研究、理論分析等方法的基礎上，本文以界定高等教育評估中介機構的概念為前提，著重分析國外高等教育評估中介機構的四種主要模式及模式抉擇的主要因素，結合我國高等教育評估中介機構的基本特點、現存問題及制約因素，構建出建立具有中國特色的高等教育評估中介機構的基本思路：在堅持與政治體制改革和高等教育體制改革同步、學術導向與行政導向並重、精簡高效、規范化運作及分階段、分區域實施五項原則的指導下，建立「政府主導型」高等教育評估中介機構是適合當前我國國情的選擇。
  10. This thesis regards choice mode of basic asset of credit asset securitization as study entry, using the relevant principles in disciplines such as economics, finances, investments, financial engineering, theory of probability and mathematical statistic and commercial bank management, etc., drawing lessons from analysis tools and research methods of predecessors, through summarizing relevant concepts and principles, earning and risk of credit asset securitization, outlines a general definition of credit asset securitization and draws importance of choosing basic asset of credit asset securitization on this basis

    本文將信貸資產證券化基礎資產的選擇模式作為研究切入點，運用經濟學、金融學、投資學、金融工程學、概率論與數理統計和商業銀行管理等學科的相關原理，並借鑒前人的一些分析工具和研究方法，通過對信貸資產證券化的相關概念及原理、收益與風險的分析，對信貸資產證券化作一個總的界定，並在此基礎上引出信貸資產證券化基礎資產選擇的重要性。
  11. The third part is focused on the system of defective incorporation. through the comparison of different model and ideal to cope with defective company between anglo - american law system and continental law system, the author reveals that all the two main legal families admit the defective company ' s personality under some conditions, while deny it under other conditions

    公司設立不符合法定的條件會導致公司設立瑕疵，該部分運用比較的方法探討了英美法系和大陸法系關于公司設立瑕疵的不同處理模式及其規制理念，指出對設立瑕疵公司的有條件承認和有條件否認是兩大法系的共同選擇，並就其中對我國具有借鑒意義的有關具體制度進行了較為深入的分析。
  12. First, based on investigation and analysis on real estate background and the actual situation of jiangbei real estate development company, the problems and the foundmental root causes existing in the operation management are found out. secendly, according to the requirements of modern business management theory and modern enterprise system, a business management model with quality management being the core is put forward by comparing and analyzing several management models, and selecting one management model as the major with multiple management models existing. based on this, the author has designed the main frame for the management model, completed organizational structure designing, department function and work position describing, work flow and work process designing, establishment of regulations, and formed the organizational structure of the management model. in addition, the varies important management actions, including human resources management, quality management, financial management, marketing management, information management, are analyzed and studied in order to enrich and improve the content of the management model. finally, the author has also put forward the measures and requirements to ensure the effective operation of the management model

    首先，在調查研究的基礎上，通過對房地產行業背景和江北房地產開發公司現狀的分析，找出公司現行狀態下經營管理中存在的問題和困難，並分析原因，查找根源；其次，根據現代企業管理理論和現代企業制度的要求，通過對幾種較為流行的管理模式的分析比較，選擇以一種管理模式為主，多種管理模式相結合的方法，提出以質量管理為核心的企業管理模式；在此基礎上，對管理模式進行整體性的組織設計，完成組織結構設計、部門職能制定和崗位描述、工作流程及工作程序設計、規章制度體系的建立等工作，構建管理模式的整體框架；另外，針對各項重要的管理活動，如人力資源管理、質量管理、財務管理、營銷管理和信息管理等，分別進行分析研究，以充實和完善管理模式框架的具體內容；最後，為確保管理模式順利、有效地運行，明確提出「完善公司內部治理機制，健全公司外部治理機制」的保障措施和具體實施步驟。
  13. Third, on the basis of the analyze of the existing conditions and the obstacles, this paper expounds the concrete issues of the execution of mbs in china. it discusses many important operational issues such as the setting up of spv, the selection of securities, credit enhancement of mbs and the taxes and the accounting issues of mbs, the operation of experimental pattern and so on

    再后，在對已存在條件及障礙分析的基礎上，本文論述了我國住房抵押貸款證券化的具體運作問題，包括spv的設立、抵押貸款證券的選擇、住房抵押貸款證券信用增級問題、證券化過程中的稅收會計問題、試點模式的操作等。
  14. The fundamental theoretical framework of this dissertation is the " stimulus - response " model of psychological behaviorism. the author applies this model into the apparel - buying behavior and proposes the " systematical integrated model " in the apparel consumption decision - making. the author tends to find out the correspondent relationship between the different buying behaviors and their characteristics through the newest technique of data mining - - hybrid machine learning ( hml ). therefore, three sub - models on apparel consumption will be established

    本研究的立足點是心理學行為主義學派「刺激? ?反應」理論在服裝消費行為決策過程中的延伸，並在購買者行為模式的基礎上提出了服裝消費決策行為系統整合模型，筆者試圖通過系統整合的思想，採用數據挖掘的最新技術? ?混合機器學習（ hybridmachinelearning ，簡稱hml ）力圖找出具有不同購買反應的人群特徵的對應關系，即通過hml對所採集的數據庫的運行及其分析，構建上海地區服裝消費在「購買產品及其數量選擇」 、 「購買地點選擇」和「購買者確定」三個子模型，從而勾勒上海家庭服裝消費決策行為系統整合模型。
  15. In this dissertation, the author, who hypothesizes that development - oriented poverty reduction model is most optimum in efficiency on condition that the chinese government implements a long - term development - oriented anti - poverty strategy, takes the factual implementing model of the strategy as his study object. in the light of the theories of developmental economics, interest group, game and power distribution, by employing means of normative analysis, system analysis, participatory observation, and methods of induction and abstraction based on a series of positive analyses of the poverty reduction practice and experience in rural china, he has successfully differentiated the concept of poverty - reduction in its broad sense and the one in its narrow sense and has advanced that the poverty reduction model in rural china is composed of four subsystems, namely the decision - making system, the transferring system, the reception system and the monitoring system. the four subsystems have distinctive principal structures and operating mechanisms, yet they correlate with one another closely and together make up an integral whole

    本文在中國將繼續長期堅持開發式扶貧戰略的前提下，假定開發式扶貧戰略效率最優，選擇中國農村開發式扶貧戰略的具體實施模式作為主要研究對象，運用發展經濟學的模式理論、利益集團理論、博弈理論以及地方分權等理論，在對中國農村扶貧實踐進行參與觀察、實證分析和理論抽象的基礎上，採用了規范分析、系統分析、案例分析等研究方法，從廣義扶貧模式概念出發，構建了一個相對完整的扶貧模式理論分析框架，將中國農村開發式扶貧模式具體分為決策、傳遞、接受、監控四個內部組織子系統，這四個子系統既有不同的主體結構和運行機制，又存在嚴密的內在關聯性。
  16. Ports and depots / stations provide multifunctional logistics services, so logistics center pattern and voluntary chain patten should be their choice. transportation agencies have the advantage of wide and professional business network and good costumer relationship, therefore they can use virtual managing pattern or incomplete vertical integration pattern to develop the logistics services. multimodal transportation companies are the most competent ones, so conglomeration pattern and supply chain cooperation pattern should be the shortcut for them to get into the advanced developing stage

    車船運輸企業的物流特徵表現在貨物的位移上，其物流經營應遵循基於縱向一體化的物流配送模式或供應商/分銷商合作模式；港站企業由於其吸引式的多功能物流服務，物流中心模式或特許連鎖經營模式應是其發展的主要選擇；運輸代理企業的優勢則在於廣泛、專業的業務網路和良好的客戶關系，因此虛擬經營或不完全縱向一體化模式是其首選；而綜合運輸企業是最具物流競爭力的一類運輸企業，走集團化或供應鏈合作的道路是其邁入物流發展高級階段的捷徑。
  17. The second part emphatically analyzes the operating ideas and marketing modes of two famous education companies in the world - - - apollo education group and mckinsey corporation, to use for reference. in the third part, i analyzes the current operating situation of chengdu hengzhi education corp. ltd., points out the problems and difficulties which it faces in the fierce market competition, analyzes the microcosmic environment which it is under through tools like swot, and determines its marketing strategies. the forth part is the core of this paper, in which the special marketing mode - - - linking the production character with the service cha racter of education is set up, using the marketing modes of apollo and mckinsey for reference and combining the current environment and consumer ' s demand this paper systematically constructs the marketing strategy of hengzhi education corp. ltd. and sets up the marketing mode for the training trade which is suitable for the west region in china

    本論文共包括四個部分，其中第一部分對培訓行業所處的國際國內環境進行了描述和分析，包括國外教育產業化的發展進程、教育產業目前的主要體現形式、國內教育行業的現狀及發展趨勢等；第二部分著重分析了全球最知名的兩個教育公司? ?阿波羅教育集團和麥肯錫公司? ?各自的經營理念和營銷模式，以資借鑒；在第三部分中，我對成都恆知教育公司的運行現狀進行了分析，並指出其在激烈的市場競爭中遇到的問題和阻礙，同時通過swot分析等工具對恆知公司所處的微觀環境進行了分析，確定了公司的營銷戰略選擇；第四部分是這篇論文的核心部分，通過對阿波羅和麥肯錫兩家公司營銷模式的借鑒，結合公司所處的環境及客戶的需求，建立了將教育的產品性和服務性相結合的特有的營銷模式。
  18. If the technicians applied technology in the wrong, even achieving the business logic, but probably leading to many vices including low performance, low scalability, close coupling, low software duplication. so how to assemble the j2ee technology reasonable and achieve a system with high performance and high expansibility is my research emphasis in the thesis. in order to solve the problems and implement efficient web application, the paper put forward ejs _ mvc model according mvc pattern and we can assemble component by using ejs _ mvc model, it can solve many problems of web application and improving system with clear flow and clear function partition, in addition, due to controller is the most importance in the ejs _ mvc model, so the thesis also discuss some problems about controller design ; if the model is not designed accurately, system performance will encounter fatal influence, so the article lucubrate ejb technology from ejb choice, ejb optimized design, database access, design pattern etc and bring forward some strategies and methods about how to build efficient business tier ; finally based on ejs _ mvc model, a example that contains simple business logic is developed according to the object - orient software engineering thinking and some strategies and methods proposed by the thesis, in the process of achieving system function, the emphasis is probing into how t o assemble and apply technology reasonable and providing a new thinking thread and method contributing to build high effective and flexible j2ee application

    由於j2eeweb應用是由組件組成，因此為了解決上述問題，實現高效的應用，本文首先從如何合理組合組件入手，找到一種方法使各組件能具體分工而又緊密合作，在深入研究各組件基礎上，根據mvc模提出了ejs _ mvc模型概念，指出可按此模型組合各層組件，該模型可以解決傳統web開發中存在的問題，而且具有系統流程與系統功能劃分清晰，可擴展性、可維護性強等優點，另外由於控制器是ejsmvc模型的重中之重，它起到承上啟下的作用，它設計好壞直接關繫到整個應用的性能、伸縮性與擴展性，因此又探討了控制器設計的有關問題；另外如果模型設計不當的話，對系統性能造成的影響可能是致命的，因此本文又從ejb組件選擇、 ejb調優設計、數據庫訪問和設計模式等方面對ejb技術作了全面的分析研究，指出在業務層中如何避免太多網路遠程調用和提高業務層性能，特別是根據前面的分析總結出了業務層的優化分層組合模型，這個模型的使用無疑會使業務層具有較高的性能與伸縮性；最後選擇一個業務邏輯較簡單的系統，使注意力集中到運用的j2ee技術上來，按照ejs _ mvc模型與軟體工程流程以及本論文所提出的方法與策略實現業務邏輯，在實現過程中具體探討如何合理運用組合技術，就多層j2ee體系結構的設計思想作深入的探討實踐，為實現高效、靈活的多層j2ee應用提供一種新的思路及方法。
  19. Studying the travel choice behavior can be helpful to understand the actual travel demand status of passengers, which has important reference value to constitute the transportation organization pattern

    摘要旅客出行選擇行為的研究，對了解旅客的實際出行需求狀況，科學地制定客運專線運輸組織模式具有重要的參考價值。
  20. In this research we used multinomial logit mode choice model to discuss the effects of updating method, utility function specification, and data type on the updating of choice model

    摘要本研究利用多項羅機運具選擇模式探討更新方法、效用函數指定、與數據型態對模式更新的影響。
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