過飽和比 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [guòbǎohébǐ]
過飽和比 英文
supersaturation ratio
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 飽 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （吃足） have eaten one s fill; be full 2 （充實; 飽滿） full; plump Ⅱ副詞（充足; 充分）...
  • 和 : 和動詞（在粉狀物中加液體攪拌或揉弄使有黏性） mix （powder） with water, etc. : 和點兒灰泥 prepare some plaster
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 飽和 : （在一定溫度壓力下, 溶液可含溶質的量達到最大限度, 不能再溶解, 泛指事物達到最高限度） saturation; saturated
  1. The results indicate that : 1. the main physical and chemical characteristics vary regularly : with rising of the altitude, there is a transition from silt > sand > clay to sand > silt > clay in the mechanical composition ; the argic horizon emerges below the altitude of 1600 meters ; the content of organic matter is enrichment, the content of organic carbon of epipedon is higher than 20 g / kg, while the content of organic carbon increases with increasing of altitude, and in the altitude of 3500 - 3700meters, the soils under the meadow have the maximum content organic carbon ; the soils appear acid - slightly acid reaction, the ph decreases appreciably and acid strengthen with increasing of altitude ; the soils higher than the altitude of 2500 meters are base unsaturated, indicating the soil leaching is strong, the ph and bs are distinct plus correlated ; the contents of sio2, al2o3, and fe2o3 of the soil body and clay are all relatively stabilization ; in the soil body, the content of sio2 is much high and cao is very little, the total contents of sio2, a12o3 and fe2o3 occupy 92 % of the mineral parts, the sequence of mineral elements is : sio2 > al2o3 > fe2o3 > k2o > mgo > cao > tio2 > mno

    研究結果表明： 1太白山南坡土壤的主要理化性質隨海拔高度的上升呈有規律的變化：隨海拔高度上升，機械組成由粉粒砂粒粘粒逐漸過渡到砂粒粉粒粘粒，海拔1600m以下出現粘化層；土壤有機質豐富，表層有機碳含量一般在20g kg以上，有機碳含量隨海拔高度升高而相應增加，海拔3500 3700m的灌叢草甸植被下有機碳含量最高；土壤呈酸性或微酸性，並隨海拔上升， ph值略微降低，酸性增強，海拔2700m以上的土壤多呈鹽基不飽和狀態，表明土壤淋溶作用較強， ph值和鹽基飽和度呈極顯著正相關；土體與粘粒中的sio _ 2 、 al _ 2o _ 3 、 fe _ 2o _ 3含量相對比較穩定，土體中sio _ 2含量較高， cao含量較少， sio _ 2 、 al _ 2o _ 3和fe _ 2o _ 3含量之和約占土壤礦質部分的92 ，礦質元素含量的順序依次為： sio _ 2 al _ 2o _ 3 fe _ 2o _ 3 k _ 2o mgo cao tio _ 2 mno 。
  2. Powerformer have some changes in constract with the conventional generator ， subsequently it also have some new problems in order to have an economical ， efficient ， credible development and application the structure and the philosophy of electromagnetism of powerformer will be on speaking terms changes electrical design ， magnetism design ， thermal design and structural design are have some new changes above all ， the electromagnetism parameter and the harmonic magnetomotive force of powerformer are studied in this paper first ， it mainly utilizes analytics to deduce formula of slot leakage reactance it considers three instances ， including monolayer - slot ， multilayer isometric - slot and multilayer anisometric - slot then ， the analytics and the fem are utilized to calculate slot leakage reactance of stator winding of prototype of powerformer and compare their results second ， the theory of utilitzing fem to calculate the reactance of powerformer is simply introduced ， including stable reactance ， transient and subtransient reactance specially ， the saturated influence of the stable reactance is considered then ， the results are analysed final ， it mainly introduces the influence of harmonic magnetomotive force of stator winding and analyses the harmonic magnetomotive force of stator winding then ， it mainly analyse harmonic magneto - motive force of stator winding through arranging various arrays of stator winding and observe their influence

    基於上述原因，本文對powerformer的電磁參數以及定子繞組諧波磁勢進行了研究。首先是用解析法推導出powerformer定子繞組槽漏抗的計算公式，考慮了單層圓形半閉口槽、多層等半徑圓形半閉口槽和多層不等半徑圓形半閉口槽三種情況，並對powerformer樣機的定子繞組槽漏抗用解析法和有限元法進行了計算，並比較其結果；其次，簡要介紹了有限元法計算powerformer電抗參數的原理，包括穩態電抗、瞬態電抗和超瞬態電抗，對穩態電抗考慮飽和影響，對結果進行分析；最後，介紹定子繞組諧波磁勢對電機運行性能的影響並對定子繞組諧波磁勢進行了分析。然後通過對定子繞組進行不同排列來分析定子繞組諧波磁勢，看看繞組排列對諧波磁勢的影響。
  3. In this thesis, the development of emulsion polymerization theory and related new technologies are comprehensively reviewed, and the synthetic technologies of acrylate latex modified by organosilicon both at home and abroad are also reviewed. based on the current development and research in this field, attentions of this study are focused on three ways for preparing novel acrylate latexes modified by organosilicons, that is, 1 ) the acrylate monomers are copolymerized with unsaturated silicons by emulsion copolymerization ; 2 ) a new latex with microphase separation morphology is synthesized, which shows a core - shell structure character ; 3 ) soap - free polymerization is explored for preparing a higher - performance latex using an unsaturated silicon monomer, different acrylates and a reactive emulsifier. by using techniques of delaying addition of organosilicon monomer and a hydrolysis inhibitor, the hydrolysis and condensation of 3 - ( trimethoxysilyl ) propyl methacrylate during polymerization can be effectively prevented, as a result, organosilicon content in the macromolecular chain is increased

    同時採用有機硅單體延遲滴加及添加水解抑制劑等技術，有效防止了-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷在乳液聚合過程中的過渡水解及縮合反應，提高了聚合物大分子鏈中有機硅鏈節的含量；利用紅外光譜與差示掃描量熱儀對產物分子結構進行了表徵，並通過對共聚產物力學和吸水率的測試，證實了本研究所制備的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚物具有比純丙烯酸酯聚合物更優良的力學及耐水性能；從分子設計角度出發，利用醇解反應合成出水解、縮合反應速率較慢的兩種新型不飽和有機硅單體： ?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三異丙氧基硅烷；利用核磁共振對新型硅烷單體結構進行了證實；研究表明利用新型硅烷單體可以制備出高硅烷含量的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液，且其聚合產物具有較高的力學及耐水性能。
  4. Abstract : based on the analysis of the mathematics models of saturation steam density and superheat steam density the paper states that the deviation of the detection on temperature highly affects the accuracy of intelligent flow totalizer. especially for saturation steam ， the accuracy of the temperature detection circuit shall be designed higher than the accuracy of the instrument. thus a temperature detection circuit based on ratio method with high accuracy is introduced

    文摘:在分析飽和蒸汽和過熱蒸汽密度的數學模型的基礎上指出，溫度檢測的偏差對智能流量積算儀的精度影響極大，尤其是飽和蒸汽，測溫電路的精度應設計為遠高於儀表的精度，同時引入一種基於比率法的高精度測溫電路。
  5. Analyze and compare pid and vague, single neuron etc. control strategy, and combine with single neuron self adaptive gain, self adaptive right value and preventive integral saturation etc. control strategy. have improved single neuron control algorithm, may restrain efficiently to disturb, reduce broken arc and short circuit etc. phenomenon, make systematic control effect and robustness get to strengthen, also have certain application reference value for the design of the dc arc furnace

    通過對pid 、模糊、單神經元等控制策略的分析比較，將單神經元增益與權值的自適應調節、抗積分飽和等控制策略相結合，改進了單神經元控制器演算法，可以有效抑制擾動，減少斷弧、短路等現象的發生，使系統的控制效果和魯棒性都得到增強，對電弧爐控制系統的設計也具有一定的應用參考價值。
  6. At present, differential protection is often used as the main protection for traction transformers. however, the existing of certain factors, such as magnetizing inrush, over - excitation, ct saturation and mismatching of ct ratio, will result in that it is hard to distinguish state current and fault current, and differential protection misoperation or maloperation, then secure operation of electric railways system will be threatened

    目前，牽引變壓器通常採用差動保護作為主保護，但是在某些因數的影響下差動保護並不能準確的區分牽引變壓器內部故障或非內部故障，如故障電流與變壓器處于勵磁涌流、過勵磁， ct飽和及ct變比不匹配等情況下的狀態電流就很難準確的區分，可能造成保護誤動或拒動，從而危及整個鐵道電氣化系統的安全運行。
  7. The safety of transmission line plays a important role in power system safety it is not only the requirement of ensure supply power reliability, but also the necessary precondition of enhance power system stabilization, to remove faulty line quickly and accurately, also keep non - faulty line continuous work when some transmission line faults current differential protection is a kind of simple, reliable and good - selective protection manner to any variety of transmission lines, power system development needs current differential protection apply to transmission lines, moreover the advancement of electric and communication technology enable current differential protection apply to transmission lines firstly, the paper discusses, analyses the research and application transmission line protection in detail, compare the principle and realistic presupposition of general line pilot protections secondly, because conventional current vector differential protection are influenced easily by load current and transitional resistance, in order to at the same time quicken protection act, the principle and criterion include work characteristic of differential protect based on fault component sampled values are studied, results shows that differential protect based on fault component sampled values excels general vector current differential protection in reliability, sensitivity and anti - saturation of current transformer in addition, synchronous current sampling methods at all terminals of line is analyzed and estimated lastly, the principle and criterion. also device design about current sampling values differential protection based on optical fiber communication, which apply to short transmission lines are concretely investigated,

    基於基爾霍夫定律的電流差動保護無論對於何種形式的輸電線路都是一種簡單、可靠、選擇性強的保護形式，電力系統的發展使得電流差動保護應用於線路保護成為需要，而電子、通信技術的發展使得電流差動保護應用於輸電線路成為可能。首先，本文對目前線路保護的研究和實際應用情況進行了討論和分析，比較了常用線路縱聯保護的實現原理和實現條件及優缺點。其次，針對常規相量電流差動保護易受正常負荷電流和故障過渡電阻影響的缺點，同時為加快差動保護的動作速度，對基於故障分量瞬時采樣值電流差動保護的原理、判據、動作特性等作了討論和分析，結果表明基於故障分量瞬時采樣值電流差動保護在可靠性、靈敏度、抗電流互感器飽和方面明顯優于常規相量電流差動保護，對電流差動保護各端的同步采樣方法和數據通信也進行了分析和評價。
  8. The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either

    在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。
  9. Under the premise of ensuring the pump ' s normal performance, and its non - overload characteristics and aimed at lowering the maximum brake horsepower, the author also analysis the problem resulted from the saturation brake horsepower of the low specific speed sewage pumps and the solution to it. 3

    推導了排污泵飽和軸功率特性產生的理論條件，導出了無過載排污泵設計的基本方程，在保證泵性能要求的前提下，同時實現無過載要求，討論了低比速排污泵設計中存在的問題及解決的途徑。
  10. Later, the paper ascertains how the prominent factors influence the humidifying effect by single factor experiment and got such solutions : when other situations do n ' t change, the nozzle flux will enhance with the increase of the nozzle aperture and spraying pressure. air ' s changing quantity of enthalpy and absolute humid, valid humidified quantity, humidifying efficiency and saturation efficiency will enhance with the increase of the initial water temperature. with the enhance of the praying pressure, the valid humidified quantity and air ' s changing quantity of enthalpy will increase first and decrease later, while the humidifying efficiency will drop

    然後通過單因素試驗確定影響顯著的因素如何作用加濕效果，得到：在其他條件不變的情況下，噴嘴流量隨噴嘴孔徑和噴水壓力的升高而增大，空氣焓變量、絕對濕度差、有效加濕量、加濕效率及飽和效率隨噴水初溫的升高而提高，有效加濕量和空氣焓變量隨噴水壓力的升高先增加然後有所下降，而加濕效率隨噴水壓力的升高而下降，焓變量和絕對濕度差隨水氣比的增加而增大。
  11. The "supersaturation ratio" is the ratio of the excess vapor density to the saturation value.

    「過飽和比」是超過飽和值的蒸汽密度與飽和值的比。
  12. Being fine, homogeneous and free of melting, the powder prepared by mechanical alloying has applied to develop scattering strengthen - material, magnetic material, high - temperature material, superconductivity material, amorphous, and non - equilibrium material, compound material etc. as a high - tech technology to prepare alloying powder, ma has become a more and more important method for preparing new materials

    機械合金化法制備的粉末晶粒細小、成分均勻，且能避免熔化過程，已用於開發研製彌散強化材料、磁性材料、高溫材料、超導材料、非晶、準晶、納米晶等各種狀態的非平衡材料、復合材料、輕金屬高比強材料、儲氫材料、過飽和固溶體等。作為制備合金粉末的非平衡高新技術，越來越成為一種制備新材料的重要方法。
  13. The paper works out the ice crystal spectrum distributing in the different macroscopic and micro - backgroud of the cloud ( ie, the thickness, the temperature and the supersaturation with respect to ice of the nucleation layer ). this paper also works out the amount of catalyst which is allowed in the cloud nucleation layer according to the different quantity of the supercooled water, the density of the supersaturation of the vapor with respect to ice. simultaneously, the paper discusses the i nfluence of remaining time when seeding artificial ice nucleus in the different ascending - velocity and altitude, and elicits the proper seeding altitude of the catalyst

    以此解為依據，得出了不同均流時，人工引入冰核在核化層存留時間，再以此時間作為人工冰核凝華增長時間，求出不同的雲宏微觀背景（如核化層厚度、溫度、冰面過飽和度等）下的冰晶譜分佈，經和實際資料比對符合相當好。進而求出核化層中不同過冷水量、冰面過飽和水汽密度下雲核化層可允許的催化用量。同時討論了不同升速，不同高度引入人工冰核時對其存留時間的影響。
  14. The precipitation sequence is. - supersaturated solid solution - stoicheometric " phase - growth. with the increase of the composition there is more characteristic of non - classical nucleation and growth, and the order parameter values of critical ordered nucleus decrease. the precipitation sequence is : supersaturated solid solution - nonstoicheometric ordered phase - stoicheometric " phase - growth

    隨濃度增加，大部分亞穩區合金沉澱非經典形核長大的特徵增強，有序相臨界晶核序參數分佈曲線降低，且分佈更加平緩，沉澱序列為：過飽和固溶體非化學計量比有序相化學計量比相長大，非化學計量比有序相併非熱力學意義上的亞穩相，研究工作明確了這一點。
  15. The precipitation sequence in instable region is as follows : supersaturated solid solution congruent ordering spinodal decomposition stoicheometric phase it is found for the first time that with the increase of compositions, congruent ordering is enhanced, incubation period is shortened, spinodal decomposition is decreased, and volume fraction of ordered phase is increased

    失穩區合金沉澱序列為：過飽和固溶體（ ? ）非化學計量比有序相（ ? ）化學計量比相等成分有序化也需要孕育期，首次發現隨初始濃度的增加，孕育期縮短，等成分有序化速度加快，而失穩分解的速度相對減慢，有序相體積分數增加。
  16. The main conclusions are summarized as follows : classical nucleation and growth mechanism only occurs near the phase boundary of the disordered phase, by which 8 " phase precipitates from supersaturated solid solution directly

    主要研究發現：只有處在無序相界附近的合金沉澱機制基本為經典形核長大，相直接從過飽和固溶體中沉澱，序列為：過飽和固溶體化學計量比相長大。
  17. Moreover, the investigation for the ma of cu - cr indicates that : with using of protective atmosphere, active carbon has a good effect on the oxidation control during milling ; the structure refining and increasing of interface and defect result in the formation of non - equilibrium phase

    此外，對cu - cr難互溶體系的ma研究表明：粉末的結構細化及界面、缺陷的產生導致了ma過程中亞穩相（氧化物非晶、過飽和固溶體）的轉變與形成；與保護性氣氛相比較，活性炭對ma過程中的氧化現象有良好的控製作用。
  18. Octadecanoic acid ( oa ) / octadecylamine ( oam ) mixed monolayer were absorbed by hsa from the observation of surface pressure - molecule area ( n - a ) isotherms, differentiated curves of 0a / 0am monolayers and uv - vis, ft - ir spectra and fluorescence emission spectra of 0a / 0am lb film. the property change of 0a / 0am monolayer led to the change of crystal growth induced by the monolayer. when the concentration of hsa in subphases containing cac2o4 supersaturated solution rises from 0. 00 % ( wt % ) to 0. 10 %, cot, cod and com form beneath oa / oam monoalyer, respectively

    通過比較含不同濃度人血清蛋白（ hsa ）的草酸鈣過飽和溶液亞相上十八酸十八胺（ oa oam ）混和單分子膜的壓力?單分子面積（ - a ）等溫線，微分曲線及oa oam混和lb膜的uv - vis光譜、 ft - ir光譜以及熒光發射光譜，可以看出， hsa吸附於oa oam膜上，使oa oam膜的性質改變，並且影響到oa oam單分子膜對草酸鈣晶體生長的誘導作用。
  19. After analyzing the performance of the coherent tree - structured optimal joint detection ( tsojd ) for qpsk signals and deriving a non - coherent multi - user weight / phase estimator, the dissertation proposes a low complexity non - coherent multi - user weight / phase optimal joint detection algorithm. besides, the dissertation proposes a partial coherent multi - user / iv weight / phase optimal joint detection algorithm and some useful conclusions are obtained in comparison experiments. 4. in the research on the diversity techniques for fast fading multi - path channels, the dissertation proposes a time - scale rake receiver, and analyzes its performance with the conception of auto - wavelet - transform ( awt ) and time - - scale resolution

    提出了過飽和低復雜度qpsk信號的樹型最佳聯合檢測演算法，並分析了相應最佳接收機的性能及相位偏差對性能的影響等問題；考慮了載波相位和多用戶信碼的聯合檢測問題，通過理論推導給出了過飽和多址系統中多用戶信碼/相位聯合估計子，提出了低復雜度非相干多用戶信碼/相位最佳聯合檢測演算法，並分析了此非相干最佳接收機的誤碼性能及相位提取誤差等有關問題；提出了部分相干多用戶信碼/相位最佳聯合檢測演算法，通過計算機模擬分析了該接收機的誤碼性能及相位提取誤差等有關問題，並與相干、非相干解調兩種情況作了比較，得出了一些有益的結論。
  20. This dissertation researches on wavelet theory applied to information transmission, including cdma spreading code design, waveform coding in digital modulation, over - saturated multi - access communication, diversity techniques for multi - path fading channels, and peak - to - average power ratio ( papr ) reducing methods for the wavelet packet modulation signals, etc.

    本文以子波理論為工具，較深入地研究了通道傳輸方面的幾個問題，內容包括cdma擴展碼的設計、數字基帶波形成形技術、過飽和多址通信、克服衰落的分集技術和減小子波包調制信號的峰值功率/平均功率比值的方法等。
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