違反擔保 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wéifǎndānbǎo]
違反擔保 英文
breach of a recognizance
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 反 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方向相背） reverse side 2 （造反） rebellion 3 （指反革命、反動派） counterrevolutionari...
  • 擔 : 擔動詞1. （用肩膀挑） carry on a shoulder pole 2. （擔負; 承當） take on; undertake
  • 保 : Ⅰ動詞1 （保衛; 保護） defend; protect 2 （保持） keep; preserve; maintain in good condition 3 （...
  • 違反 : violate; run counter to; transgress; infringe
  • 擔保 : warrant; guarantee; go bail for; vouch for; ensure; assure; assurance; bail; surety
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. As to this, the author classified it to two categories, they are the cause of breaking promise and the cause of legal provision. the former specifically covers joint obligation, impartible obligation, concurrent obligation and joint responsibility guarantee etc ; the latter mainly refers to together tortious act and together jeopardizing act. here, the author also discusses in view of the practice to clarify the issue of the application of law

    即連帶責任的違反約定的成因和違反法定的成因，而前者具體包括連帶債務，不可分債務，並存的債務承擔，連帶責任保證等，而後者則主要是指共同侵權行為和共同危險行為，當然對此筆者也進行了實踐上的探討，以明確法律的運用問題。
  3. In the 19th century, the britain court differentiated th contract terms as " condition " and " warranty ". if a party to a contract violated the condition terms, which was regarded as substantial breach of contract, the other party woud consequently claim the rescission of a contract and do so, but only had the right to ask for compansation, if the warranty terms violated

    19世紀，英國法院將合同條款依其重要程度區分為「條件」和「擔保」兩類，當事人違反「條件」條款將構成根本違約，非違約方可以因此而解除合同；而當事人「擔保」條款時，非違約方無權解除合同，只能請求損害賠償。
  4. Had corrected its to violate the act that insurance code decides through rectifying when the insurance company that is consolidated, make its of the drawing of each reserve and capital handle the demand that obtains legal provision ; reinsurance cent gives business course to adjust, the insurance liability that makes its leave insurance cost to assume oneself accords with legal standard ; not competent company controller gets adjustment with concerned administrator ; put when harm company compensate pays ability and the issue that harm insurant interest no longer, approbate via rectifying an organization, after report finance supervises management department to approve, by finance supervisory management department decides to end pair of this companies rectify, give announcement

    當被整頓的保險公司經過整頓已經糾正其違反保險法規定的行為，使其各項預備金的提存和資金的運用達到法律規定的要求；再保險分出業務經過調整，使其自留保費承擔的保險責任符合法定的標準；不稱職的公司負責人和有關治理人員得到調整；不再存在危害公司賠付能力和損害被保險人利益的問題時，經整頓組織認可，報告金融監督治理部門批準后，由金融監督治理部門決定結束對該公司的整頓，並予以公告。
  5. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  6. For a long time, the action mode of authority creed has been adopted in civil procedure, while the legislation and the theoretical circles do n ' t pay enough attention to the principle of good faith. compared to western countries, the existing system of civil procedure cannot effectively protect the right of action of the parties. although we do not have the tradition of the rule of law, our culture of

    訴訟法既保障當事人實質意義上的公正，也強調當事人人格尊嚴不受侵犯，實質公正和程序公正並重，因此，訴訟法上的歸責不以行為人給他人造成實際損害為要件，只要行為人實施了違反誠信義務的行為，且主觀上存在過錯，即應承擔違反誠信原則的法律後果。
  7. The paper expounds managers ' safety assuring duties in public places in details

    經營者的安全保障義務的特徵、內容以及違反安全保障義務應承擔的責任構成。
  8. The agent shall indemnify and hold the company harmless from any and all claims, damages, costs and / or expenses incurred by the agent due to unauthorized representations or breaches of this agreement or negligent acts or omissions of the agent or its subagents in the performance of this agreement

    因代理人之未授權之代理或對代理協議的違反，及合同實施中的疏忽、遺漏而造成的任何索賠、損害、費用賠償及開支，應由代理人承擔，以保護公司的利益不受侵害。
  9. This paper analyses domestic political and economic situation, then prescribes how to build and develop municipal bond market in china as to satisfy the large volume need of capital and money to prompt the growth of capital market in china. first, it introduces some basic concepts and axioms on municipal bonds, and points out the credit of local government is the base of market, emphasizing it is a reflect of corporation, the uniting of trust obligation and bankrupt restriction and has strict choice. then it gives a simple introduction on municipal bonds market in germany, france, and japan

    本文首先介紹了有關市政債券的一些基本概念和理論，強調了市政債券是地方政府法人資格的體現、是信託責任和破產約束的結合，有著嚴格的選擇性，並且強調地方政府信用在市政債券市場上的奠基作用和地方政府違約的反面經驗；接著簡要介紹了發達國家英國、德國和日本的市政債券市場，詳細介紹了美國的市政債券市場，指出美國市政債券的實質是地方政府的信用落實還債和擔保問題，它的關鍵在於通過信用增級提高信用水平，它的突出特點是利息收入免稅。
  10. Save where otherwise excluded, our liability to you for ( a ) any breach by us of this agreement or of any warranty implied by law and ( b ) any representation statement or tortious act or omission including negligence arising under or in connection with this agreement shall be limited to the total amount of charges received by us from you up to the date of such breach, representation, statement, act or omission

    除不包括事項外，吾等就以下事項向閣下承擔之責任限於吾等截至該等違反、聲明、陳述、行為或遺漏日期止從閣下收取之費用總額：吾等違反本協議或法律隱含之任何保證及任何陳述聲明或侵權行為或遺漏，包括根據或有關本協議之疏忽。
  11. In the event supplier has consented to the disclosure of information to a third party by customer, customer shall procure that such third party undertakes to be bound by the confidentiality obligations imposed on customer by this contract and shall indemnify and hold harmless supplier from any damage incurred through the breach of said confidentiality obligation by the third party

    供應商許可客戶將信息披露給第三方者的，客戶應保證第三方同意承擔該合同之於客戶的同種約束；因第三方違反口頭保密義務對供應商所造成的一切損失，以及由此引起的任何訴訟費用，均由客戶承擔。
  12. Secondly, this text has a discussion with the premise of the real estate management corporation ’ s undertaken responsibility caused by the third people, which is the breach to the compulsorily of the safety guarantee

    針對基於第三人的不法侵害造成業主的人身、財產損失問題，本文論證了物業公司對第三人侵害業主責任承擔的前提即安全保障義務的違反。
  13. Electric power enterprises, in violation of the provisions of article 28 or section 1 of article 29 of this law, that do not ensure the quality of power supply or interrupt the power supply without prior notice to users and thereby cause users losses, shall be liable for compensation according to law

    電力企業違反本法第二十八條、第二十九條第一款的規定，未保證供電質量或者未事先通知用戶中斷供電，給用戶造成損失的，應當依法承擔賠償責任。
  14. Where the transferor failed to transfer technology in accordance with the contract, it shall refund the licensing fee in part or in whole, and shall be liable for breach of contract ; where the transferor exploited the patent or used the technical secret beyond the prescribed scope, or unilaterally allowed the patent to be exploited or the technical secret to be used by a third person in breach of the contract, it shall cease the breach and be liable for breach of contract ; where the transferor breached any prescribed confidentiality obligation, it shall be liable for breach of contract

    第三百五十一條讓與人未按照約定轉讓技術的，應當返還部分或者全部使用費，並應當承擔違約責任；實施專利或者使用技術秘密超越約定的范圍的，違反約定擅自許可第三人實施該項專利或者使用該項技術秘密的，應當停止違約行為，承擔違約責任；違反約定的保密義務的，應當承擔違約責任。
  15. Where the transferee failed to pay the prescribed licensing fee, it shall pay the overdue licensing fee and pay liquidated damages in accordance with the contract ; where it failed to pay the overdue licensing fee and liquidated damages, it shall cease exploitation of the patent or use of the technical secret, return the technical materials, and be liable for breach of contract ; where the transferee exploited the patent or used the technical secret beyond the prescribed scope, or allowed the patent to be exploited or the technical secret to be used by a third person without consent by the transferor in breach of the contract, it shall cease the breach and be liable for breach of contract ; where the transferee breached any prescribed confidentiality obligation, it shall be liable for breach of contract

    第三百五十二條受讓人未按照約定支付使用費的，應當補交使用費並按照約定支付違約金；不補交使用費或者支付違約金的，應當停止實施專利或者使用技術秘密，交還技術資料，承擔違約責任；實施專利或者使用技術秘密超越約定的范圍的，未經讓與人同意擅自許可第三人實施該專利或者使用該技術秘密的，應當停止違約行為，承擔違約責任；違反約定的保密義務的，應當承擔違約責任。
  16. The author thinks that though civil liabilities of information disclosure is a kind of contract liability when the contract exists, it is better to be treated as a kind of tort liabilities for the follow reasons : firstly, the foundation for civil liabilities of information disclosure is the breach of legal obligations, not contract obligation ; secondly, tort liabilities is more conducive to the protection of investors " interests ; thirdly, contract liability is not helpful in establishing a uniform civil liabilities system of information disclosure, because there are no contract exit in securities trading under most of circumstances, in this situation people can only get the protection by tort liabilities ; last, tort liabilities is a great help in adhering to the principle of good faith

    第二章信息披露的法律性質。關于信息披露民事責任的法律性質，雖然在某些情況下契約責任成立，但筆者認為信息披露民事責任的性質，還是采侵權責任說為妥當。因為：第一，信息披露民事責任的產生是基於法定義務的違反，而非契約義務的違反；第二，侵權責任較契約責任擴大了承擔責任的主體范圍，更有利於保護投資者；第三，合同法理論救濟，潛在地破壞了信息披露民事責任體系的一體化。
  17. Taking tortious liability for the legal ground of remedies on private right of securities fraud is helpful to overcome the localization of contractual liability, extending the scope of liable subjects from both sides of contract to the third party. at the same time, tortious liability bases on violating legal obligation, and mainly leads to responsibility for losses, which make it more propitious to protect investors " rights and interests roundly

    以侵權責任作為證券欺詐私權救濟的法律基礎，有助於克服合同責任相對性造成的局限，將責任主體的范圍擴展到直接交易關系以外的第三人；同時，它以違反法定義務為依據，以損失賠償為主要的責任承擔方式，也有利於全面保護投資者權益。
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