顯性遺傳效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiǎnxìngyízhuànxiàoyīng]
顯性遺傳效應 英文
dominance genetic effect
  • 顯 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （明顯） apparent; obvious; noticeable; evident 2 （有名聲有權勢的） illustrious and inf...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 遺 : 遺動詞[書面語] （贈與） offer as a gift; make a present of sth : 遺之千金 present sb with a gener...
  • 傳 : 傳名詞1 （解釋經文的著作） commentaries on classics 2 （傳記） biography 3 （敘述歷史故事的作品）...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 顯性 : [生物學] dominance顯性性狀 dominant character; 顯性修飾因子 dominigene; 顯性遺傳 dominant inheritance
  • 遺傳 : [生物學] heredity; hereditary; inheritance; inherit
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大
  2. The genetic correlations of six agronomic characters in some indica - japonica crosses were analyzed using mixed - linear model method. the results indicated that there existed correlations to a certain degree among the measured traits. the phenotypic correlations of plant height with filled grain or seed setting were significant. panicle length with total grains or filled grain, total grains with filled grain or seed setting, and filled grain with seed setting were the same. for panicle length with plant height or seed setting, total grains with filled, and for filled grain with seed setting, genetic correlations were also significant. further analysis, the result showed that genetic correlations between the measured traits were mainly due to domimant effects. in addition, additive correlations were significant for grain weight with panicle length or total grains or filled grain, and for total grains with filled grain

    用混合線性模型方法對秈粳亞種間雜交組合農藝性狀的相關性進行了遺傳研究，結果表明：被測性狀之間大都存在一定程度的相關.其中，株高與實粒數、結實率，穗長與總粒數、實粒數，總粒數與實粒數和結實率，以及實粒數與結實率之間具有顯著的表型相關，總粒數與實粒數，實粒數與結實率，以及穗長與株高和結實率之間具有顯著的遺傳相關.進一步的分析表明，性狀之間的遺傳相關大多歸因於顯性效應，而粒重與穗長、總粒數和實粒數之間，以及總粒數與實粒數之間還具有極顯著的加性相關
  3. In this text, we first do some research on the genetic algorithm about clustering, discuss about the way of coding and the construction of fitness function, analyze the influence that different genetic manipulation do to the effect of cluster algorithm. then analyze and research on the way that select the initial value in the k - means algorithm, we propose a mix clustering algorithm to improve the k - means algorithm by using genetic algorithm. first we use k - learning genetic algorithm to identify the number of the clusters, then use the clustering result of the genetic clustering algorithm as the initial cluster center of k - means clustering. these two steps are finished based on small database which equably sampling from the whole database, now we have known the number of the clusters and initial cluster center, finally we use k - means algorithm to finish the clustering on the whole database. because genetic algorithm search for the best solution by simulating the process of evolution, the most distinct trait of the algorithm is connotative parallelism and the ability to take advantage of the global information, so the algorithm take on strong steadiness, avoid getting into the local

    本文首先對聚類分析的遺傳演算法進行了研究，討論了聚類問題的編碼方式和適應度函數的構造方案與計算方法，分析了不同遺傳操作對聚類演算法的性能和聚類效果的影響意義。然後對k - means演算法中初值的選取方法進行了分析和研究，提出了一種基於遺傳演算法的k - means聚類改進（混合聚類演算法） ，在基於均勻采樣的小樣本集上用k值學習遺傳演算法確定聚類數k ，用遺傳聚類演算法的聚類結果作為k - means聚類的初始聚類中心，最後在已知初始聚類數和初始聚類中心的情況下用k - means演算法對完整數據集進行聚類。由於遺傳演算法是一種通過模擬自然進化過程搜索最優解的方法，其顯著特點是隱含并行性和對全局信息的有效利用的能力，所以新的改進演算法具有較強的穩健性，可避免陷入局部最優，大大提高聚類效果。
  4. The results oft - test indicated that few genetic main effects of qtls found were significant, among which additive by additive epistatic effects and additive effects were most significant for qtls controlling heading date, additive effects were most significant for qtls controlling kilo - grain weight

    T測驗的結果表明，鑒別出的qtl中，遺傳主效應達到顯著的不多，其中抽穗期的qtl以加加上位性效應和加性效應最為顯著，千粒重以加性效應最為顯著。
  5. The narrow heritability of the growth period and the period from sowing to budding were higher, separately reaching 66. 1 % and 49. 1 %, and interacted weakly, while the positions f the first fruiting shoots and the period from sowing to budding had the lowest narrow heritability, separately equal to 19. 8 % and 18. 8 %, and their interactions with the environments reached a significant level ; the heritability of the periods from budding to flowering and flowering to boll opening, and the stem heights, as well as their interactions with environments took the second place

    生育期、播種開花的狹義遺傳率均較高，分別為66 . 1 %和49 . 1 % ，且與環境互作效應較小，而果枝始節和播種現蕾的遺傳率最低，分別為19 . 8 %和18 . 8 % ，且與環境互作達到極顯著水平，現蕾開花、開花吐絮和株高這3個性狀的遺傳率及其與環境互作居中。
  6. Genetic algorithm, as a computational model simulating the biological evolution process of the genetic selection theory of dar - win, is a whole new global optimization algorithm and is widely used in many fields with its remarkable characteristic of simplicity, commonability, stability, suitability for parallel processing, high - efficiency, and practibility. on the other hand, there are many op - timization problems in the field of digital image processing, such as image compression, pattern - recognition, image rectification, image segmentation, 3d image recovery, image inquiry, and or so. in fact all these problems can be generalized as the problem of searching for a global optimal solution in a large solution space, which is the classic application field of genetic algorithm

    遺傳演算法是模擬達爾文的遺傳選擇和自然淘汰的生物進化過程的計算模型，是一種新的全局優化搜索演算法，具有簡單通用、穩定性強、適于并行處理以及高效、實用等顯著特點，在很多領域得到了廣泛應用，另一方面，在圖像處理領域有很多優化問題如圖像壓縮，模式識別，圖像校準，圖像分割，三維重建，圖像檢索等等，實際上都等同於一個大范圍搜索尋優問題，而最優化問題是遺傳演算法經典應用領域，因此遺傳演算法完全勝任在圖像處理中優化方面的計算。
  7. Genetic models were constructed for qtl mapping by two - dimensional searching. corresponding analysis methods were also proposed, which could estimate additive effects, dominance effects, epistatic effects of additive by additive, additive by dominance, dominance by additive, dominance by dominance, and could predict their interaction effects with environments

    構建了可以估汁加性效應、顯性效應、加加、加顯、顯加、顯顯上位性效應以及預測這些效應與環境互作效應的qtl定位兩維搜索遺傳模型，提出了相應的分析方法。
  8. It was shown that in short - season cotton, the seven traits relating to early maturity all presented dominating additive effect while displaying dominance effects, and epistatic effects from sowing to budding, from sowing to flowering and from budding to flowering ; the early maturity traits significantly interacted with the environments

    結果表明：短季棉7個早熟相關性狀的遺傳均以加性效應為主，同時存在著顯性效應，對于播種現蕾、播種開花和現蕾開花還存在著上位性效應；短季棉各早熟性狀的遺傳效應與環境互作顯著。
  9. The estimation of additive and dominance effects through qtl analysis by one - dimensional search while ignoring epistases showed similar accuracy to that by two - dimensional search by including epistases. existence of epistases could decrease the precision for the estimation of additive and dominance effects. the estimation of genetic main effects would be biased if ignoring the interaction effects of qtl x environment ( qe )

    忽略上位性效應的一維搜索qtl分析對加性效應和顯性效應的估計精度與包括上位性的兩維搜索qtl分析對這兩種效應的估計精度相差不大，上位性的存在可能會降低對這兩種效應估計的精度；忽略qtl環境（ qe ）互作效應會導致對遺傳主效應的有偏估計，而包括qe互作效應的多環境聯合分析能夠提高對遺傳主效應的估計精度。
  10. Monte carlo simulations were conducted to study the new approaches of qtl mapping, the results indicated that general least squares ( gls ) method, which was widely applied in mixed linear model, could unbiasedly estimate all genetic main effects, including additive effects, dominance effects and epistatic effects of additive by additive, additive by dominance, dominance by additive, dominance by dominance. the interaction effects between genetic main effects and environments could also be predicted unbiasedly by linear unbiased prediction ( lup ). the heterosis prediction based on qtl effects was also unbiased

    對新提出的qtl分析方法進行了montecarlo模擬研究，結果表明，廣泛應用於混合線性模型的廣義最小二乘法（ gls ）能夠無偏估計加性效應，顯性效應以及加加、加顯、顯加、顯顯上位性效應等各項遺傳主效應；運用線性無偏預測法（ lup ）能夠無偏預測上述各項遺傳主效應與環境的互作效應；基於qtl效應的雜種優勢預測也是無偏的。
  11. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  12. The results showed that the compatibility indexes were obviously higher when the male sterile lines were used as the female parent than when their respective maintainer counterparts were used as the female parent, indicating the male sterile cytoplasmic effects on interspecific cross incompatibilities in cruciferae

    結果表明：三種類型的不育系均有一致的趨向，即用不育系和保持系與同一親本雜交的親和指數，不育系作母本的明顯高於以保持系作母本的組合，表明十字花科種間雜交親和性具有雄性不育細胞質遺傳效應。
  13. Microsatellite dna is among the most efficient class of molecular markers due to their hyper - variable and co - dominant nature with relatively high abundance and random distribution in the genome, and have been applied to a variety of fields including population differentiation, kinship analysis, linkage analysis, and evolutional and ecological studies

    摘要微衛星dna由於具有高度多態性、共顯性遺傳、基因組中含量豐富且隨機分佈等特點，目前已成為最有效的分子標記之一，並應用於種群分化研究、血緣分析、基因連鎖分析、進化以及生態學研究等許多領域。
  14. So it is appears important to analyse capability of this structure, the people can compute all kinds of complex structure ’ s response under different sorts of exact load on current software, but the source program of the computing question, which is “ black box ”, on the contrary, fepg can get the source program, which can provide preference for the optimization of structure, even embed in the optimizing program and save much time of compiling program, linking to ga to identify the load can get the good result. so the problem is solved to alleviate the deadweight and the optimize design of the structure, as well as improve its secure capability

    對格柵結構進行力學分析就顯得至關重要，盡管利用通用有限元軟體能夠計算結構承受任意可以準確描述的載荷作用下的響應問題，但內部計算卻是「黑箱」操作，利用fepg可以得到計算源代碼，能夠為優化程序提供參考甚至可以嵌入其中，節省繁瑣的有限元計算編程內容，結合遺傳演算法進行載荷重構，往往會收到很好的效果，這就解決了由於工作環境比較復雜，引起響應的載荷難以直接測量得到的難題，從而為結構優化設計和提高安全性能的提供了保障。
  15. In the second charper, two reformed metheds has presented, which are competition adaptation - ga based on elitist and dual mutation adaptive - ga which can increase the population diversity and can decrease the dependence of genetic algorithms " result to the control parameter of operators and the status of initial population. to testify their abilities of algorithms, some studies have excuted which included the study to optimize parameter for pid and the study to multivariable intelligent decoupling control for mimo system. the outcomes have showed us that this amendment has a better effective than conventional means and the genetic algorithms which have no change

    第二章中，在已有文獻的基礎上，創新性的提出兩種改進演算法：基於最優保留的聯賽競爭機制遺傳演算法（ competitionadaptation - gabasedonelitist ）和雙變異自適應遺傳演算法（ dualmutationadaptive - ga ） ；通過對演算法中選擇運算元和變異運算元的有效改進，提高了演算法的尋優能力和尋優效率，增加了群體中個體模式的多樣性，對于演算法中存在的欺騙問題、早熟問題以及成熟前收斂問題有明顯的改進作用。
  16. Besides, it is not fit with the precise adjustment and is difficult to conform the place. a new adaptive genetic algorithm with bp algorithm to optimize weight is backed up. the algorithm which combines the merits of the global convergence of genetic algorithm with fast local researching of bp algorithm not only intensifies the gradual convergence and evolution ability but also advance the speed of convergence, precision of training and generalization

    針對傳統遺傳演算法的搜索過程帶有一定的盲目性，其收斂特性不穩定且收斂速度緩慢，特別是在系統規模較大時，優化效果的明顯改善往往需要相當長的時間，而且不適合候選解的精調，難以確定解的確切位置，提出一種新型自適應性遺傳演算法，並在此基礎上，用bp演算法優化前向神經網路權值，綜合了兩種演算法的優點，即遺傳演算法的全局收斂性和bp演算法局部搜索的快速性，強化了遺傳演算法的漸進收斂和進化能力，全面改善了演算法的收斂性，提高了收斂速度及訓練精度，也擴展了泛化能力。
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