點式下確界 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [diǎnshìxiàquèjiè]
點式下確界 英文
pointwise infimum
  • 點 : Ⅰ名詞1 （液體的小滴） drop （of liquid） 2 （細小的痕跡） spot; dot; speck 3 （漢字的筆畫「、」）...
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 下 : 下動詞1. （用在動詞后,表示由高處到低處） 2. （用在動詞后, 表示有空間, 能容納） 3. （用在動詞后, 表示動作的完成或結果）
  • 確 : 形容詞1. （符合事實; 真實） true; reliable; authentic 2. （堅固; 堅定） firm
  • 界 : 名詞1 （相交的地方; 劃分的界限） boundary 2 （一定的范圍） scope; extent 3 （按職業、工作或性別等...
  1. Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator. fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping

    本文的主要內容如下： 1 ）對翅片管蒸發器結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元控制體，就干、濕和霜工況下對每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，基於經驗關系式確定霜的有關參數，對于霜工況下的霜生長建立模型，經適當假設，運用質量守恆、能量守恆和動量守恆方程建立適合動態模擬的蒸發器數學模型，為系統模擬奠定基礎； 2 ）對蒸發在大擾動下的開、停機過程，運用動態集中參數模型進行分析和計算，為更好地描述製冷系統運行的全過程奠定基礎，同時也為製冷系統實現自動控制提供一定的理論基礎； 3 ）對蒸發器正常運行過程，運用動態分佈參數和參數間定量耦合的觀點來分析和計算，為更好地了解穩態工況下各點參數的變化情況及各入口參數對蒸發器動態特性的影響即蒸發器性能對各參數變化的敏感性； 4 ）編寫翅片管蒸發器動態特性模擬計算程序，可以計算不同邊界條件和初始條件下的製冷劑熱力參數、空氣溫濕度和霜厚度分佈場，實現對翅片管蒸發器在干、濕和霜工況下的動態模擬。
  2. A normal transform is introduced, and there are enough much grids in the region between the critical layer and the wall, where the variation of the disturbance is the quickest. the finite - difference of governing equations with fourth - order accuracy in the normal direction is utilized in full regions including points close the wall, and is very important for accurately discreting equations. the combination of global and local methods is implemented, and a new iterative formula is derived

    對于曲線坐標系下的拋物化穩定性方程，文中發展了求解的高效數值方法:引進法向變換，使得在臨界層與壁面之間的擾動量變化最快的區域有更多的法向網格點;導出包含邊界鄰域在內的完全四階精度的法向有限差分格式，這對方程精確離散至關重要;採用全局法和局部法相結合的方法及其新的迭代公式，大大加速收斂並得到更精確的特徵值。
  3. A branch and bound algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear 0 - 1 knapsack problems is proposed, in which branching is common 0 - 1 variables one and a better feasible solution is found by a simply integer heuristic method as well as a lower bound of the optimal value of the subproblem in the each branching node is determined by solving linear programming relaxed approximate problem to be obtained with linear relaxed technique

    摘要構造出了一類可分離非線性0 - 1背包問題的分枝定界演算法，分枝的過程是普通的0 - 1變量分枝，用簡單的取整啟發式法確定更好的可行解；而在每個分枝結點處用線性鬆弛技術確定了它的子問題的一個線性規劃鬆弛逼近，由此得到最優值的一個下界。
  4. While this thesis aims to identify the difficulties in tax on e - business on the side of most of developing countries, analyzing the existing tax rules and regulations of china and therefore provide the suggestions for future development of the relevant tax rules in china. the discussion and conclusion are set out from a pre - set case and based upon traditional taxation theories and the existing practices in other countries, which covers the business models, the classification of transactions, and how to define the concept of turnover, profits, services and royalties under e - commerce

    本文嘗試站在發展中國家的立場上，通過運用傳統的課稅理論，結合當前各國電子商務的實踐，通過對設定網路案例的模擬經營，通過甲乙兩國採取主動課稅的征稅情況來對稅收原則在電子商務環境下所受到的沖擊的方面進行系統分析，酯出對電子商務課稅的難點所在，並結合各國對電子商務征稅實踐，分析了在電子商務中跨國所得的表現形式，具體分類，如何準確的界定在電子商務征稅實踐中對營業利潤，勞務，特許權使用費的概念等等。
  5. In order to set up the compensation standard of land value which is the key problem in the reform of land expropriation system at present, the paper aims at probing the rational, valid and operational method of calculating the compensation of land expropriation, finding the rational way to compensate the land value and reestablishing the land expropriation system of china. after comparing the domestic and international land expropriation system and the way of establish the compensation standard, the paper confirms that the land expropriation system and the compensation standard of china should be reformed at three aspects : confirming farmland ' s property rights, defining of the range of land expropriation and making a price market - based. based on even chance of property right, introducing the market mechanism and ownership market into land expropriation system, the paper raises the viewpoint of setting up the farmland ' s development right

    通過國內外土地徵用制度及補償標準確定方式的對比，明確了我國土地徵用制度及補償標準改革要從農地產權、征地范圍界定、市場化定價三個方面著手；從產權平等的角度分析了征地制度中引入市場機制的重要性以及建立所有權市場的可能性，提出了增設農地發展權的觀點；通過界定發展權的歸屬，指明補償標準確定的價值取向，重建我國地價補償標準體系? ?基於產權平等的公平補償體系，包括公益性徵用和非公益性徵用補償；在耕地資源價值構成研究的基礎上，提出了耕地資源價值由經濟產出價值，社會保障價值和生態服務價值構成，並通過外部性理論、生態系統價值評價方法、工農業「剪刀差」等的研究，重構了公益性徵用的地價補償構成及量化方法；在此基礎上概算了全國2000年公益性徵用中地價補償價格；通過地租理論對土地轉用增值空間定性定量研究，重建了非公益性徵用中地價補償的構成，並指出在我國特定條件下，非公益性徵用補償是非公益性用地逐漸退出徵用過程轉向市場化配置的過渡。
  6. As a result, ( i ) let k ( x ) be the function assign to each point x of m the infinimum of the sectional curvatures of m at that ponit, if k ( x ) satisfies, then m is totally umbilical. ( ii ) let q ( x ) be the function assign to each point x of m the infinimum of the ricci curvatures of m at that ponit, if q ( x ) satisfies q > 1 / 4 ( n - 2 ) ( c + 4h2 ) - 1 / 4nc, then m is totally umbilical, ( iii ) let a be the square length of the second fundermental form, if satisfies, then m is totally umbilical

    ） ）中具有非零平行法平均曲率向量的緊致全實偽臍子流形m ~ n ，得到了（ ? ）如果m ~ n在其點x的截面曲率的下確界函數k （ x ）滿足條件：則m ~ n是全臍的（ ? ）如果m ~ n在其點x的ricci曲率的下確界函數q （ x ）滿足條件：則m ~ n是全臍的。 （ ? ）如果m在m中的第二基本形式h長度的平方滿足條件：則m ~ n是全臍的。
  7. In the literature, the flow equations for partial penetrating wells are based on two - dimensional model with impermeable upper and lower boundaries, and they cannot reflect the characteristics of bottom water drive mechanism, while the new equations presented in this paper can accurately describe the deliverability of partial penetrating gas wells with non - darcy flow pattern in gas reservoirs with bottom water

    目前仍使用改進的上下封閉邊界的裘比公式，未能充分地反映底水驅動特點，而該公式能準確地描述底水驅動的打開不完善井非達西流動規律下的產能。
  8. There are pacts included in the biscal study about the dotted like open space of the city, such as the related concept, characteristic and the basical attribute. at the same time, the studied objects are clearly defined, the overall idea and the structural research in system method have been leded into it. there two parts included in the illustrated study, studing on the spot and investigation of examples. the maneuverability of the methods of the layout and the feasibility about reality conditions are discussed combining the substantial evidence there two parts included in the illustrated study, studing on the spot and investigation of examples. the maneuverability of the methods of the layout and the feasibility about reality conditions are discussed combining the substantial evidence about urban planning through the study of the inside reasons and actuality of construction. the set up of the organic layout construction about systematism and holistic " core - link " is expounded include the part of principle of layout studies and method of layout studies. at the same time the constructive opinion is put forword through the concluding and considing about the principle and method of layout from macro view to tiny each level of view, regard spatial layout construction as the point

    全文結構包括基礎研究、實證研究以及規劃設計原則與方法研究三大部分：城市點狀開放空間的基礎研究部分，包括城市點狀開放空間的相關概念與特徵、基本屬性，並明確界定了研究客體，引入了整體的觀念和系統結構的研究方法；實證研究部分，有實地調研和案例研究兩部分，剖析城市點狀開放空間的建設現狀和問題的內在原因，再結合相關的城市規劃實踐案例，進行實例分析與研究，探討規劃布局方法的可操作性和現實條件下的可行性；布局原則與方法研究部分，闡釋了系統化、整體式的「核心?環節」的有機結構布局框架的建構，並從宏觀到微觀各層面，以空間的布局結構為重點，就城市點狀開放空間的布局原則與方法進行歸納、總結與思考，並提出建設性的意見。
  9. According to the supply system composed by parallel connection water pump, many kinds of operation proposals in a single pump were put forward to provide the greatest possible flow on both sides of the demarcation point in the scope of the flux changes ; identified the system of pumps, electromotor, speed governor imitate method of characteristics curve of the power device and its rotating speed, efficiency, energy consumption calculation under different condition ; the analytical methods used for the operational plan for comprehensive evaluation of the economic and safety and optimal results

    摘要針對由並聯水泵組成的供水系統，提出了在以單泵可能提供最大流量為分界點的兩側流量變化范圍內具有多種運行方案；確定了在不同工況下，該系統中水泵、電機、調速器特性曲線的擬合方法及其各動力裝置中轉速、效率、能耗的計算式；採用解析的方法對各種運行方案進行了經濟性和安全性綜合評價，並給出最優結果。
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