critical experiment 中文意思是什麼

And the deficiencies are pointed out in present researches, such as highway capacity, level - of - service, influence factor of road alignments, etc. from these, it has confirmed that the thesis should be studied from rational analysis, quantitative analysis of level - of - service, impact on capacity of road alignments, setting - up simulation model, etc. the high - accuracy gps dynamic data acquisition appearance is proposed to be used for the first time to carry on the experiment of overtaking on two - lane highways, and experiment scheme is designed according to the driver ' s perceive to judge each overtaking course. based on the experiment data, it can get two important parameters of acceptant gap ? the critical gap of overtakable time headway and returnable time headway through data processing, which can offer the strong support to the research of two - lane highway capacity with qualitative and quantitative analysis. besides, the experiment methods is provided to observe overtaking ratio and to measure the

研究中首次提出了運用高精度gps動態數據採集儀對雙車道公路上的超車行為進行觀測，設計了根據駕駛員感受度來衡量超車過程的實驗方案，並通過後期數據處理得到了超車過程中兩個重要的可接受間隙參數-可超車車頭時距和可回車車頭時距的臨界間隙值，為定性和定量分析雙車道公路通行能力提供有力的數據支持;同時，還提出了觀測超車率的實驗方法以及測量加速度干擾的實驗方案，統一了計算加速度干擾的時間統計間隔，為雙車道公路的服務水平量化研究奠定基礎;最後還簡單介紹了駕駛員問卷調查法和模擬程序中模型參數標定和驗證的數據採集方法。

Experiment study on the critical point of serial centrifugal fan

離心風機串聯吸氣臨界點的試驗

Describe the critical regions of comparison for the proposed experiment

針對此設計好的實驗，描述比較的關鍵區域。

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride ( a - sinx : h ) films have been deposited by helicon wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ( hwp - cvd ), the effect of sih4 / n2 rate on the properties of the samples is systematically studied, and the critical experiment condition is obtained under which a - sinx : h films with different compositions are deposited

本工作採用螺旋波等離子體化學氣相沉積（ hwp - cvd ）方法制備了氫化非晶氮化硅（ a - sin _ x ： h ）薄膜，系統地研究了不同反應氣體配比對薄膜特性的影響，得到了沉積不同組分a - sin _ x ： h的典型實驗條件。

With the numerical solution, an internal condensation critical curve can be calculated out by condensation theory and depositing theory, on the curve, the enter water ability equal to the out water ability, which can be used as the basis to determine the occurrence of internal condensation. but the result doesn ’ t coincide with the real completely. in this dissertation, we plan to get the critical curve by practical experiment results, because that the enter water ability only relates to the condensation density and the out water ability only relate to the volume ratio of the pneumatics system

然而由凝結理論和沉積理論得到的計算結果往往與實際有一定偏差，本課題希望通過實驗的方法獲得內部結露臨界線，即系統進水能力和排水能力相等的曲線，由於系統的進水能力和充放氣過程中凝結水滴密度有關，排水能力和系統容積比有關，可以通過大量實驗總結出以凝結水滴密度和容積比表示的內部結露臨界曲線，作為判別內部結露是否發生的依據。

Although the available content of p in the soil was above the critical level, it showed deficiency in the greenhouse experiment, probably because of the strong adsorption by the soil, and the high requirement of the sorghum plants to p from the small volume of soil

盡管磷在土壤中的有效含量高於虧缺臨界值，在溫室試驗中卻表現出缺乏，很可能是由於土壤對磷的吸附很強，同時盆栽土壤體積小，高粱吸收磷強度大。

By the phenomenon came from critical sand - gravel granular mixtures slope experiment, the falling causation, form, scale, and preventing principal in sliding - sand slope were discussed. the causation can be drawn : the slope received sands from the slope top continuously ; non - uniform degree and granular size in strong weathering environment may be changing ; and the restrain in slope foot was weakened. these factors, cause the fal

結合乾燥沙石臨界單面坡實驗現象觀察，對溜砂坡災害的產生原因、崩塌特性及防治原則進行了討論，提出溜砂坡崩塌的三個主要成因：寒凍風化引起上部沙粒來源的持續不斷；坡面的風化作用使顆粒進一步均勻、細化，造成原來處于亞臨界而穩定的坡面達到臨界而容易失穩；坡腳對牽引式崩塌的制衡作用削弱，易受坡腳干擾而誘發。

The results of this experiment showed that pressure drop and flow velocity are related in quadratic function ; the effects of opening rate of distributor sad bed height on critical fluidization velocity are rather slight, while the effect of particle size on critical fluidization velocity is very obvious

得出結論：分佈板壓降和流速成二次函數關系；以木屑為原料，分佈板開孔率和床層高度對臨界液化速度的影響不大，粒徑分佈對臨界流化速度隨粒徑的增大而增加。

The stability output second harmonic generation ( shg ) experiment results of single - longitudinal mode and multi - longitudinal mode with long cavity were explained reasonably with these rate equations. the high polarization of fundamental wave in the isotropic laser media nd : yag with type - i critical phase - matching lbo was studied with the rate equations including polarization of fundamental light. using the polarization function of lbo, a quartz full - wave plate was introduced into the cavity, a kind of birefringent filter by considering the combination of the polarization function of the type - i critical phase - matching doubling frequency crystal lbo and the quartz whole - wave plate was constructed

將腔內多縱模倍頻速率方程推廣應用到準三能級藍光激光器中，分析了一個縱模、兩個縱模、多個縱模時的噪聲情況，合理地解釋了實驗中激光器單縱模運轉以及長腔多縱模運轉時穩定輸出的實驗現象，同時利用該速率方程分析了以各向同性激光晶體nd : yag為工作物質，類臨界相位匹配lbo為倍頻晶體的藍光激光器中基頻光偏振特性，合理利用類臨界相位匹配lbo倍頻晶體的偏振特性與引入的石英晶體全波片構成雙折射濾光片，通過選單頻來抑制噪聲，獲得了藍光低噪聲的穩定輸出。

Using flyer velocity gained from energy characterizing method, definite parameters of flyer and explosive, deterministic parameters of initiation system critical initiation energy to flyer of explosive can be theoretically calculated. associating with critical initiation voltage of explosive experiment measuring comparisons and evaluations can be conducted for flyer sensitivity of explosive

利用能量損失法求出的飛片速度以及已知的飛片參數、炸藥參數、起爆系統中的既定參數，可以對炸藥的飛片臨界起爆能量進行理論上的計算，結合實驗測量的炸藥臨界起爆電壓值，可以對炸藥的飛片感度進行比較和評價。

The impact tests were carried out at the mid - span, and internal pressures of ompa, 5mpa, lompa and 15mpa were used in addition to the tests with water. the critical energy of perforation and the ballistic speed was measured, and the various types of rupture were identified from the section of the test specimens. force - time curves and internal pressure - time curves were obtained from experiment

實驗中記錄了沖擊力時程曲線和內壓時程曲線，測量了鋼管軸向和周向橫截面的變形，得到了不同工況下的破壞模態、臨界穿透能量以及彈道極限速度，並找到了臨界穿透能量隨內壓的變化規律。

Quantum capture is a complicated process and capture time computation and experiment test are provided. it is difficult to ascertain carrier ' s transportation and distribution in multiply quantum wels and tunneling time and heating emitting time computations are also provided. optical gain whose formula is complicated is a critical parameter and it is useful for structuring model to obtain a concise formula by means of experiment curve

詳細說明了確定半導體激光器速率方程的一些重要參量的方法，如：載流子在三維sch區的輸運行為對激光器的調制特性有較大影響；量子阱對載流子的捕獲是一個復雜的過程，文中給出了量子捕獲時間的計算方法以及實驗證明；多量子阱中載流子輸運與分佈也是相當復雜的問題，文中給出了隧穿時間與熱發射時間的計算方法；光增益是關鍵的參量，它的解析式相當繁瑣，由實驗曲線擬合其較為簡明的經驗式，對定模工作是有利的。

The experiment study on critical velocity of the rongchang fine coal powder

榮昌精煤粉起動流速試驗研究

The key to prediction of casting shrinkage / porosity lies in ascertaining the critical value of temperature gradient and niyama criterion. the thesis put forward two methods to ascertain the value, one is which is positive - direction and the other is negative - direction. we verify the realistic arithmetic of temperature gradient method and niyama criterion method by experiment, and we can draw a conclusion that the arithmetic is correct and reasonable in most cases and choice of developing tool is sound

臨界梯度值和新山判據臨界值的確定是實現縮孔縮松預測的關鍵，本文提出了確定臨界值的正向法和反向法，並以高鉻鑄鐵件縮孔縮松預測和鑄造工藝改進為研究對象，應用正向法，確定了溫度梯度法的臨界值為180 m 。

On the basis of the criterion of critical hole expansion ratio and data of experiment, the expression method of fuzzy number was put forward, and the criterion of fuzzy critical hole expansion ratio was established

摘要根據臨界空穴擴張比的判據和試驗數據，提出模糊數的表示方法，建立了模糊臨界空穴擴張比判據。

This article describes a way of special ultrasonic system which monitors thermal stress in seamless welded rails. this monitoring system is a non destructive testing system, which adopts avr mcu and high - precise time chip processing as the core of it, and adopts the critically refracted longitudinal wave as the object of measuring. my studying focuses on the theory of the monitoring system, which will be listed in this arctile : according to the snell theory, the theory of motivating of critically refracted longitudinal wave is described in details, and the finite element software is used to emulate the propagating course. the formulas of calculating the pts of swr are taken from the acoustoelasticity theory, and the calculating the parameters is introduced. according to assemble materials, three kinds of ways of monitoring the pts of swr using critically refracted longitudinal wave are described, which are measuring the sound - time in changeless distance, ultrasonic critical - angle refractomery and frequency spectrum, the first way of ways is used in this experiment system. the factors, which effect the monitoring system, are assaid in some degree based

本文的研究工作重點在無縫焊接鋼軌溫度應力測量系統的理論模塊，包括根據snell原理，研究極限折射縱波的激發機理，並使用有限元軟體ansys進行模擬;根據聲彈性理論以及公式推導出計算無縫焊接鋼軌中的溫度應力的公式，並對其中參數的求解方法進行介紹;根據收集的資料，介紹了三種使用極限折射縱波測量無縫焊接鋼軌溫度應力的方法，即固定距離測量聲時法、臨界角折射法和頻譜分析法，本實驗系統使用的是第一種;根據實驗經驗以及相關資料，分析了影響極限折射縱波測量溫度應力的幾個因素，並提出了相應的解決方法;根據實驗系統的需要，獨立設計並加工出相關配套的實驗設備，包括實驗鋼塊、有機玻璃楔塊、固定件、載荷外框裝置等。

Pic simulations are performed to determine gap scaling in a high density pegs. comparisons of simulation results with simply theory results and experiment results, indicate that the pegs gap is always equal to the critical gap for magnetic insulted electron flow. it is important to note that, the vacuum electron flow to the anode causes current loss and the

另外，根據模擬結果還得到了兩個重要結論：電流損失是由真空漂移電子的出現所造成的，電流損失的大小與負載阻抗成近似正比關系；負載阻抗等於peos的流阻抗時，負載獲得功率最大。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

On the basic of former research men ' s experience, 18 experimental members ( including 9 simple beams and 9 restrained beams ) are designed and tested. in the experiment, phenomena are observed and record by taking photos in the whole process from the first crack appears to test members crash completely, experimental data is attained including load values of crack - appear load, critical load and terminal load, stress values of reinforcing steel bar stress, compressed concrete stress and beam flank stress and values of deflection etc. by analyzing the crack ' s appearing and developing form and stress values of concrete and steel bars, the crash modes of test beams are defined ; shearing force - deflection curves are contrasted and analyzed ; the effects on shear strength of the three factors as shear span ratio, concrete strength and restraining moment are also analyzed

借鑒已有試驗的經驗，本文設計和完成了對18根超高強混凝土無腹筋梁（包括9根簡支梁和9根約束梁）在集中荷載下抗剪強度的試驗，觀察了試件從裂縫出現到完全破壞失去承載能力全過程的試驗現象並通過拍照進行記錄，獲得了試件的斜裂縫出現荷載、臨界斜裂縫荷載和極限荷載等荷載值和縱筋應變、混凝土受壓應變和梁側混凝土應變等應變值以及撓度值等。

The result of the flow experiment shows that the critical re number ( from laminar to turbulence ) decreased when the diameter of the tube becomes smaller

流動實驗結果表明，層流向湍流轉捩的臨界雷諾數隨管徑減小而減小。