existing factor 中文意思是什麼

This outstanding antinomy has its history factor, existing particularity

這一突出的矛盾有其歷史因素，存在著固有的特殊性。

In this thesis, the methods of comparison research, the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, the combination of positive philosophy and standardized research, the theories of economics and management are used to make systematic and comprehensive analysis. at the same time, using the data that reflects the present situation of the safety and safety management in construction industry, the author analyses the problems existing in the present safety management mode, and then points out the key factor in the new systems of safety management is the agency

在文章中，作者採用了比較研究、定性分析和定量分析相結合、實證研究和規范研究相結合的方法，綜合運用國內外專家學者的研究成果，以大量的事實和數據為依據，分析了我國建築業安全生產管理的現狀和存在的問題，進而提出在中國建築行業建立安全生產體系的具體模式和該模式運行機制的關鍵因素? ?即中介機構在安全生產管理體系中所處的地位和重要因素。

The important meaning in which this direction studied has lain in establishing the connection between the material science of concrete and civil engineering, analyse the strength in terms of material microcosmic or the mesoscopic, have important meaning to understanding, know the essential law of the strength of concrete. this text divides six chapters altogether. chapter one reviewed the pore structure in nowadays domestic and international research current situation, including the concrete examines research, research of the pore structure model and the research current situations of pore structure and strength relation of the pore method, have introduced some most important achievements of structure research of pore ; chapter two narrated much yardstick of the material mesoscopic structure of concrete and principle of examining pore technology of material of concrete, and the commonly used sign parameter in discussedding the pore and material pore of quito of cement and analyse, have explained that the influence factor of mip to the result of study of pore, has pointed out the limitation in mip in the pore structure ; analyse porosity and strength relation development course of model emphatically, and has carried on comparative analysis to the existing model, has pointed out the weak point of the original model ; on the basis of " ing integrate synthetically ", propose concrete pore structure compound body model and pore physical model of systemlex body ; chapter five carried on the corresponding test data to compares to the model parameter appearing in model of chapter four with and analyses, have received k value of the characteristic of strength of matrices of reflecting according to the method to return to analysis, and calculate the influence produced on the strength of concrete in revision that can probed into the content of cement, elastic mould and surface energy, exactness of the inspection model ; chapter six is the conclusion, according to studying the survey this text to some research conclusions of the pore structure and making corresponding prospect to the structure development of pore

第一章回顧了孔結構在當今國內外的研究現狀，包括混凝土測孔方法的研究、孔結構模型的研究及孔結構與強度關系的研究現狀，介紹了孔結構研究方面的一些最重要的成果；第二章敘述了混凝土材料細觀結構的多尺度性及混凝土材料測孔技術的原理，並討論了水泥基多孔材料孔隙分析中常用的表徵參數，也說明了壓汞法測孔對研究結果的影響因素，指出了壓汞法在孔結構研究中的局限性；第三章是著重分析了孔隙率與強度關系模型的發展歷程，並對已有的模型進行了比較分析，指出了原有模型的不足之處；第四章在「綜合集成」的基礎上，提出了混凝土孔結構復合體模型和孔系統的物理模型，並模擬了該模型下由各單體並聯形成的復合體的斷裂過程，最後根據所建模型編制了相應的計算程序，可根據輸入的孔徑分佈與水泥含量等參數，實現混凝土理論強度的計算；第五章對第四章模型中出現的模型參數進行了相應的試驗數據對比分析，根據回歸分析的方法得到了反映基體強度特徵的k值，並從理論上探討了水泥含量、彈性模量和表面能的修正對混凝土強度計算產生的影響，檢驗模型的正確性；第六章是結論與展望，根據研究綜述了本文對孔結構的一些研究結論並對孔結構發展作了相應的展望。

Used regulations method calculating, analyzing and comparing the lightning protection performance with field data for the line firstly, . then put forward more reasonable model ( distributing parameter model ) to calculate the surge impedance of tower combining the existing model and validate by emtp, furthermore studied the striking distance factor based on electromagnetism

首先利用規程法對線路的耐雷性能進行計算、分析，並與現場數據比較；同時結合目前對桿塔波阻抗的研究方法，提出一種更合理的桿塔波阻抗計算模型?桿塔分佈參數模型，並利用emtp進行模擬計算和驗證。

" to argue against it is like arguing against gravity. " the surgeon general s office has already done two comprehensive overviews of existing studies, the first published in 1972, and the second a 1982 update. both called television violence a contributing factor to increases in violent crime and antisocial behavior

醫療衛生局針對現有的多項研究，已經出版過兩項綜合概述報告，第一項於一九七二年出版，第二項則是於一九八二年推出的更新版，兩項報告都指出暴力節目是增長暴力犯罪和危害社會行為的一項因素。

Yellow river estuary is typical weak tide and high sediment deposition estuary, the yellow river sediment transport and settling deposition process is the capital factor to determine estuary evolvement characteristics. any method provided for estuary management, there is no exception to have tight relationship with estuary sediment transport and settling deposition process. this paper summarized the yellow river estuary basic characteristics firstly, point out existing problem in this research domain

黃河河口系典型的弱潮多沙堆積性河口，黃河河口泥沙的輸移擴散和沉積過程是決定河口演變發展特徵的首要因素，黃河河口任何一項治理措施的提出，無一例外均與河口泥沙的輸移和沉積分佈狀況存在密切關系本文首先對黃河河口的基本特性進行了概括總結，在簡略回顧黃河河口泥沙輸移與沉積的有關研究成果的基礎上，指出了當前在此研究領域內存在的問題。

It is verified that the high temperature in rtp can efficiently dissolve the existing oxygen precipitates, indicating that the annealing temperature other than time is the determinative factor for the dissolution of oxygen precipitates

研究證實：高溫快速熱處理可以顯著地消融氧沈澱，氧沈澱消融的決定性因素是熱處理溫度。

Growth factor methods : these involve scaling an existing matrix by applying multiplicative factors ( often derived from predicted productions and / or attractions ) to matrix cells

增長率法：通過對現有的矩陣（通常來源於預測的發生集中）乘以系數。

But the existing building trade is not perfect, so it brought many inconvenience or the insecure factor to consumers

但現存的房交易中介並不完善，給消費者帶來了諸多不便或不安全因素。

( 2 ) based on the existing theory of lateral load distribution rule, and combined the structure characteristic of pre - stressed lager cantilever composite beam with corrugated steel webs, this thesis proposed the modified rigid beam method. taking this method, it is facilitated to compute the lateral load distribution factor of bearing composite cantilever beam with variable - stiffness under the load in arbitrarily position

（ 2 ）以現有的橫向分佈理論為基礎，結合大懸臂波形鋼腹板組合挑梁的結構特點，提出了修正剛接梁法的計算方法，能夠方便地計算變剛度懸臂組合梁任意點位的橫向分佈系數。

This thesis pays key attention to the achievements the reform of position - pay has attained, such as pay factor became more competitive ; carrying out of a series of distributing system and matched management system standardizes the pay system, promotes the openness of distribution system ; the formation of position - based pay system strengthens the all basic works, pushes forward the development of human resources ; forms the adjustable system of pay and inner competitive, flexible system, etc. however, there are a lot of inadequacy existing in the position - pay system of bayi corporation, the basic work of position - pay system is still not solid ; performance appraisal system is not sound ; performance wages go only with decrease but no increase, which became the new egalitarianism and hard to motivate the zeal of employee

本文重點分析了崗薪制改革取得的成效，如薪酬競爭力有了很大的提高；一系列相關分配製度和配套管理制度的實施，規范了薪酬的管理，提高了分配製度的透明度；形成了以崗位為根本的薪酬體系，加強了各項基礎工作，推動了人力資源的開發；形成了薪酬的可調節機制和內部競爭、流動機制等。但是，八鋼公司的崗薪制體系也存在很多不足，如崗薪工資的基礎工作仍不扎實；績效考核體系不健全；績效工資只減不加，成為新的「大鍋飯」 ，難以調動職工的積極性等。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Based on setting up the fire safety goals, performance criterion, fire scenario and uncertainty factor, this article simulated the occupants ’ evacuation time, smoke spread, radiation flow etc and determined fire detector and automatic extinguishing device by using the developed engineering method. and so these buildings ’ fire safety goals, which have the equivalent safety level with the existing national standard, can be achieved and those problems, which caused by some incompliment requirements or the existing codes not adapting to the practical need, can be solved

針對這類建築存在的典型問題，通過設定消防安全目標、確定性能判據、建立火災場景，考慮不確定因素，運用已開發的工程學方法對人員安全疏散時間、煙氣蔓延、輻射熱通量等進行模擬計算，對火災探測和自動滅火設施進行分析選擇，認為大型書城建築採用至少與現行國家標準的規定等效的方法來實現建築物的消防安全目標，能夠解決現行標準與實際需要不相適應或某些不完善的規定所帶來的問題。

In the second of this article i listed the five causes about why the issue of quebec has been existing so long time : the most important cause of the issue of quebec is the intense desire of keeping and persisting the speciality of the france origins in the british origins dominating society ; the culture conflict based on language is imbued with the whole process of quebec issue ; the issue of quebec interweaving with constitution crisis is a important stimulative factor ; the defect in the system of the canada federation affords chance for the rapid development of the issue of quebec ; the change of economic status accelerate the quebec separate trend

本文第二部分概括出魁北克問題長期存在的五方面原因：在英裔佔主導地位的社會中，使法裔的種族特性得以保持和延續的強烈願望是魁北克問題的主要原因；以語言為載體的文化沖突貫穿于整個過程；魁北克問題與加拿大憲法危機相互交織是重要刺激因素；加拿大聯邦制自身的結構缺陷為魁北克問題愈演愈烈提供了可乘之機；魁北克經濟地位的變遷加劇了其分離的傾向。

Through analyzing the characteristics and problems of the existing plan system in hunan zhenghong science development co. ltd, this text was at first to analyze principle and factor of improving current system, then according to these principles and relevant theories, design overall budget management system, including the department of organizing and carrying out the budget, the examination system of the goal in budget, management system of the budget, budget form and relevant explanations of compilation, etc. ; finally the article summarized some questions that existed in the company in their course of implementing budget management, and proposed some measures for improving

本文從分析湖南正虹科技股份公司原有計劃體系的特點和存在的問題出發，首先針對原有體系如何改善提出了設計新體系的總體原則，並進一步依據此原則和相關的理論設計了全面預算管理體系，包括預算組織和執行主體，目標考核體系，預算管理制度、預算表格以及相關編制說明等;最後文章總結了公司在實施過程中存在的一些問題，並提出了改進建議和措施。

The article can be divided into following parts : first, introducing the development and existing situation of air - traffic service and aeronautics safety, directing the potential and great insidious danger caused by disco - ordination between air - traffic service and aeronautics safety and aeronautics development, analyzing the causes of accident. second, introducing the related theory of safety and safety systematic engineering and methods of analyzing accident. third, based on the above content, analyzing the factors that affect the safety of air - traffic safety management, especially the human factor

本文首先介紹了空中交通服務與航空安全的發展及現狀，指明了空中交通服務與航空安全與航空發展不匹配所潛在的對國際民生的巨大隱患，並對發生的事故徵候和事故進行了初步的原因分析；其次介紹了安全和安全系統工程的有關原理和事故分析的方法；第四章則在此基礎上對影響空中交通安全管理的因素進行了詳細的分析，特別是人為因素的分析；最後，引入了mort方法以提高空中交通安全管理的安全性。

Paper regards the vegetables current situation as background, analyze our country and foreign vegetables marketing disparity of channel, combine the survey of existing vegetables marketing channels in wuhan, direct three main vegetables marketing channels : wholesale market, farm market, supermarket. finding the existing problem and the relation and conflict each other. have put forward the corresponding improvement measure : wholesale market as the tap of the vegetables marketing channel, in the face of sell smooth, fund shortage, facility simple and crude, communication way outmoded market that exist at present, must adopt with governed by law field, increase input, and scientific appraisal make their functions perfect further ; farm market as the vegetables marketing channel system of produce of foundation, should fully realize meaning in which the market have, dispel the restriction factor of market development, heighten the level, which manage and improve ; supermarket as the new member, should see clearly the existing problem in the hardware and software terms, utilize government microscopically policy support, strengthen self - building, make the new developing achievement state of competence develop better

論文共五章：第一章是論文研究的目的和意義以及營銷渠道的主要理論和國內外的研究動態；第二章是國內外蔬菜營銷渠道分析及比較，以我國蔬菜產銷現狀為背景，分析了我國與國外蔬菜營銷渠道的差距；第三章是對武漢市蔬菜營銷渠道的現狀分析，主要是針對蔬菜批發市場、農貿市場、超市這三個主要渠道成員存在的問題及其相互之間的關系與沖突，提出了相應的改進措施；作為蔬菜營銷渠道龍頭的批發市場，面對當前存在的市場萎縮、銷售不暢、資金短缺、設施簡陋、方式陳舊等問題，必須採取以法治場、加大投入、科學論證的方法使其功能進一步完善；作為蔬菜營銷渠道體系基礎的農貿市場，應充分認識市場存在的意義，消除市場發展的制約因素，提高管理和革新的水平；作為蔬菜營銷渠道新成員的超市，要認清經營中硬體和軟體兩方面存在的問題，利用政府宏觀政策支持，加強自身建設，使這一代表先進生產力水平的新興的業態更好地發展。

This can fully consider the effect of the structure of transmission line and the selection of lighting parameter etc. by calculating and analyzing various of factor that affect the lightning tripping probability of 500kv double circuit transmission line, we can draw the conclusions : the result by intersecting method is more accord with the practicality circumstance than by existing standard methods, using unbalance high insulation and reverse sequence of wire can reduce the contemporary outage rate of double circuit line, reducing the footing resistance is one of the most efficiency method to reduce the back stroking rate of double circuit transmission line, the double back stroking rate and the single back stroking rate will fall by three ground wire, when the footing resistance is 10 ohm, the back stroking rate by three ground wire is 83 percent of by two ground wire

在分析輸電線路繞擊耐雷性能時，對線路的雷電屏蔽問題進行了分析，提出對擊距法進行改進，充分考慮了風速的影響因素，編寫了具有工程實用價值的計算線路繞擊耐雷水平的程序，此方法可以充分考慮線路結構和雷電參數等對繞擊率的影響。通過對影響500kv同桿雙回線路雷擊跳閘率的各種因素進行了計算和分析，得到以下結論：採用相交法的計算結果比定義法更符合實際運行情況。採用不平衡高絕緣方式和導線逆相序排列可以大大降低雙回同時跳閘率。

Adsl is a new modem technology ( the bandwidth is from 25. 875k to l. lmhz ) that converts existing copper telephone lines into access paths for multimedia and high speed data communications, and maintains the regular telephone voice services. adsl provides data rates that expand the best existing access capacity ( isdn ) by a factor of 60 or more, and the best existing common analog access capacity ( v. 34 modems ) by a factor of 300, without requiring any new cabling

它具有傳統模擬modem和isdn無可比擬的速率優越性，其接入速率是isdn的60倍，是現有模擬modem （ v . 34 ）速率的300倍，最大8mbps的下行傳輸速率和最大1mbps的上行傳輸速率，其原因是因為它使用了超過了傳統modem的頻帶范圍（ 25 . 875k到1 . 1mhz的頻帶） ，採用了先進的編碼和調制解調技術。

The let factors rlet ( rlet = 0. 05 ) of neutron response for liftld in various n + y mixed fields in the fast neutron reactor have been determined experimentally due to the existing let effects of the response for liftld to neutron absorbed dose. the experimental results show that the let factor for neutrons from thermal energy to 5mev energy is about 0. 050. so it is workable to measure the photon fluence in the pulse reactor with 7liftld

為確定liftld能否用於n 、混合場的區分測量，本文定義了let效應因子，並對liftld的let效應因子進行了實驗測定，測量結果表明： liftld對熱中子至5mev中子響應的let效應因子值約為0 . 050 ，因此，選用~ 7liftld用於脈沖堆光子注量測量是可行的。