forecasting errors 中文意思是什麼

We can use the mm5 model in definite time, definite area weather forecasting. we conclude that : : the moving route of this necw in its developing progress was direct - south along latitude, the cold air is rough, and just this made the rough vertical velocity ; the necw southern moving and conflicting with the west pacification sub - tropical high makes rough jet steam. the plenty south - west warm and wet air made by the jet stream gave the rainstorm demanded vapor ;. the rough vertical velocity by jet stream is a main reason in this rainstorm ; the mm5 model uses four - direction analysis data as its input, this avoids some errors occurred in observe and transfer, thus made the result more useful

綜合分析認為： （ 1 ） 、這次冷渦在其發生發展過程中，其移動路徑是沿經圈直線南壓，攜帶的冷空氣勢力較強，形成槽后較強的垂直運動； （ 2 ） 、西太平洋副熱帶高壓偏北位置與東北冷渦南壓形成的急流軸，把源源不斷的西南暖濕氣流輸送到遼西地區，也就是急流軸的左前方位置，為這次暴雨的產生提供了充足的水汽來源； （ 3 ） 、低空急流不但為暴雨輸送水汽，其造成的較強的垂直環流也是產生強降水的一個主要原因； （ 4 ） 、 mm5模式以四維同化資料作為初始場，最大限度地避免了觀測誤差可能造成的積分不穩定，提高了模擬結果的參考價值。

The method based on the principle of maximum entropy ( pome ) is applied to analyze the distributions of flood forecasting errors for some typical reservoirs in humid and semi - humid regions

摘要採用最大熵原理（ pome ）方法，對我國濕潤和半濕潤地區部分典型水庫的洪水預報誤差分佈規律進行了研究。

It is found that the distributions of flood forecasting errors both in humid or semi - humid region approximately obey the law of normal distribution and the method based on pome is effective for calculating the distribution of flood forecasting errors

結果表明，我國濕潤和半濕潤地區的洪水預報誤差近似服從正態分佈，且採用陽me方法計算洪水預報誤差分佈是可行的。

Therefore, a model of three sectors, respectively referring to domestic sector, manufacturing export sector and primary product export sector, has been established here to measure the technology spillover effects of export on domestic sector. finally, based on a broader framework, this dissertation went on to investigate the relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth, while the result shows that though there exists a notable dispute about how to measure the degree of china ' s openness, the index of trade dependence still maintains the better one to reflect china ' s economic openness. in the meanwhile, impulse response function ( irf ) method and forecasting errors variance decomposition ( fevd ) method, both of which are based on the vector auto - regression ( var ) system, are used here to investigate the dynamic relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth

與傳統理論不同，新增長理論和新貿易理論都強調技術進步的作用，因此本文構建了一個三部門的技術外溢效應模型（國內部門、工業製成品出口部門以及初級產品出口部門） ，考察了工業製成品出口和初級產品出口對國內非出口部門不同的技術外溢效應；第四，從更加廣闊的視野就貿易開放度與中國經濟增長問題進行研究，有關貿易開放度如何度量一直是存在較大爭議的問題，本文首先對該類研究文獻進行了較為詳盡的述評，然後運用生產函數方法對所選取的5個貿易開放度度量指標進行了檢驗，結果發現盡管一些已有研究認為外貿依存度無法真實度量一國經濟開放水平，但是本文研究結果表明外貿依存度仍是度量我國貿易開放度的較好指標，進一步採用基於var系統的脈沖響應函數法以及預測誤差方法分解法對貿易開放促進經濟增長的作用進行了動態刻畫。

At the finishing of this paper, the effective identification of designing factors is done and the setting elevation and the cable tension force in next stage are forecasted according to the situation of finished beams. through the forecasting, the constructing state is in coincidence with the designing state. during the bridge construction process, the value of designing parameters are made close to the construction state by means of data collections, optimal controls and detailed analysis of different reasons that caused errors

最後，根據施工的實際狀態對設計參數進行了有效的識別，並利用灰色理論與預測控制相結合的方法，根據已澆梁段的實際狀況對下一施工梁段的立模標高和斜拉索張拉索力進行預測，使施工過程中的受力狀態與已確定的合理施工狀態達到一致。

The main features in the study of flood forecasting and control system are as follows : ( 1 ) runoff generating and confluence theory and hydro - dynamic method are adopted to predict the water level of taihu lake and key nodes, the basin wide forecasting and control system with the function of real time correction has been first established in plain river network to meet the complicated flow conditions of taihu lake basin and to enhance the reliability of forecasting results ; ( 2 ) according to the rainfall in foreseen period multiple schemes can be made in the forecasting model and adjusted with time, which overcomes the errors caused by the uncertain rainfall in the foreseen period so as to make the forecasting results approach reality

本文所研究的預報調度系統有如下特點： （ 1 ）本系統採用產匯流理論和水動力學方法預報太湖及重要節點水位，首次在平原河網地區建立了具有實時校正功能的全流域預報調度系統。以適合太湖流域復雜的水力條件，增強預報的可靠性; （ 2 ）預報模型可以根據預見期降雨量進行多方案預報，並隨時間推移，可以實時進行調整，克服由於預見期降雨不確定引起的誤差，使預報結果更接近實際。

In light of the problem of the precision of flood forecasting being influenced by the data errors of rainfall and water stage caused by the failures of the communication and the relevant equipments of the gauging stations concerned, the techniques for the automatic hydrologic data collection and transmission system such as data extraction, examination of rationality, error identification, rainfall interpolation and the intelligent error correction are studied based on the analysis on the cause of the errors occurred in the system

摘要針對流域洪水預報和水庫調度中雨量水位站點可能因通信和設備故障引起雨量和水位數據錯誤，而影響洪水預報精度的問題，通過分析水文遙測系統雨水情信息錯誤的原因，研究水文遙測系統雨水情數據的提取、合理性檢驗、錯誤識別方法、雨量插補、數據的智能化糾錯處理等技術。

This paper also studied forecasting errors and forecasting methods, which will do good to load forecasting

在預測方面，對預測誤差和預測方法，本文也進行了初步研究，對負荷預測等工作也有借鑒意義。

These include the folio wings : l. we raised the concept of direction - error ; 2. we considered the forecasting errors and calculated the right of the comprehensive forecasting models with ahp ; 3

相應地，我們也都做了一些思考，提出了自己的觀點與方法，主要有： 1提出方向誤差的概念； 2

Finally, the prediction it gives is an estimated range, rather than a specific point estimate, and more accurately reflects forecasting errors

此外，這個模型給出的是一個預測范圍而不是一個特定的預測點，因而能更準確的反映預測誤差。

Due to the inevitable errors occurring in the process of economic forecasting, testing becomes the final step of the whole process

由於經濟預測誤差的出現存在必然性，所以預測檢驗問題是經濟預測這一過程眾多環節中的最後一個必要的環節。

Introducing and applying the knowledge of the sentence - completing function of the " 呢 " in teaching chinese as a second language could not only help the students avoid the errors of the " 呢 " and develop their capabilities of understanding and forecasting the sentence ' s meaning, but also improve the full implementing of the function aching strategy in teaching " 呢 "

將對「呢」的完句功能的認識引入對外漢語教學領域，一方面可以引導學生避免「呢」的偏誤以及提高學生理解和預測句義的能力，一方面可以促進功能教學策略在「呢」的教學中的全面實施。

The atmosphere ' s great sensitivity to tiny influences ? and the rapid compounding of small errors in weather - forecasting models ? is what makes long - range forecasting ( more than five days in advance ) so difficult

這種大氣對微小作用的極度敏感性，加上天氣預報模式里微小誤差會迅速加劇的特性，便是造成長期（五天以上）預報非常困難的原因。