from the top down and the bottom up 中文意思是什麼

from the top down and the bottom up 解釋
從上到下由下而上
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  • the : 〈代表用法〉…那樣的東西，…那種東西。1 〈用單數普通名詞代表它的一類時（所謂代表的單數）〉 （a） 〈...
  • top : n （opp bottom foot）1 頂，頂部，頂端。2 頭，頭頂；尖端；樹梢，樹頂；（事物的）上層部分。3 最高位...
  • down : adv （downmost）1 向下（面）；下，降；在下（面）。 come down 下來；下（樓）來；（雨等）落下。 The...
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • bottom : n 1 底，底部。2 地基，基礎；根底；底細，真相，原因，根源。3 （樹的）根干；（山）麓麓；〈方，常 pl...
  • up : adv （superl uppermost ）1 向[在]上，向[在]上面；向[在]被認為處于上方的地方或方面〈如河流的源頭，...
  1. Bottom - up processing and feature detecting theory based on strong electrophysiological evidences has played a dominant role in the visual research for long time. people know top - down processing just by common sense. knowledge or experience are recalled from memory by reactivation of their neural representations and affected visual processes. however recently, researches from human and monkey provide experimental evidences for top - down processing. first, mnemonic representation of visual objects and faces, located in the ventral processing stream of visual perception in monkey, provide the best evidences of how neuronal codes are created by neurons that have the special ability to link the representations of temporally associated stimuli ; second, experiments suggest that not only bottom - up signals from the retina but also top - down signals from the prefrontal cortex can trigger the retrieval of associative codes, which may serve as a neural basis both for the conscious recall and for the visual processes affected by top - down processing further studies will improve people s understanding of the causal relation of activation and behavior by use of combined fmri and electrophysiology or lesion studies

    聯想性編碼是通過學習由一些具有特殊功能的神經元建立的，這些神經元具有將時間性關聯刺激的表徵聯系起來的能力。其次，不僅來自視網膜的底-頂信號，而且來自前額葉的頂底信號都能觸發聯想性編碼的提取，既可以作為有意識回憶的神經基礎，又是頂-底加工影響視覺過程的基礎。腦損傷病人研究具有高時間解析度的人類功能性核磁共振成像functional magnetic resonance imaging ， fmri和猴fmri研究以及猴細胞電生理分析相結合，將進一步加強人們對視覺腦機制的全面理解。
  2. Abstract : according to the system of regionalization of natural disaster presented by authors, this paper produces the basic units of natural disaster from the physical geographical elements. combined with the natural disaster database and the method of bottom - up merging, 110 natural disaster areas is achieved. furthermore, by using the top - down dividing method, the comprehensive regionalization scheme of agricultural natural disaster is achieved, with 5 natural disaster realms, 23 natural disaster regions and 110 natural disaster areas

    文摘:根據作者提出的全國農業自然災害綜合區劃的思路，以自然地理要素形成基本單元，結合自然災害報刊數據庫系統，運用自下而上區域合併的方法，得到了全國自然災害區劃小區;運用自上而下區域劃分的方法，將全國農業自然災害劃分為5個大區、 23個區和110個小區，得到了全國農業自然災害綜合區劃方案
  3. The serice possesses all function and peculiarity of the other simple foot stamping sealing machine, it is can be used to adhere polythere, polypropylene and multi - layer compound plastics, up and down adjustable stuff capping rack, can be used to seal paper bag when heated from top & bottom, earning high efficiency and is irreplaceable by other sealing machine

    本系列具有簡易腳踏封口機的各種功能的特點，可以粘接聚乙烯，聚丙烯和多層復合塑料，上下可調式重物封口托架，上下加熱可封紙袋，功效特高具有一般封口機不可替代的功能。
  4. A couple of techniques from soma service - oriented modeling and architecture method support the " breadth - first " approach well, namely : top - down domain decomposition, bottom - up existing system analysis, and goal - service modeling see the article, " service - oriented modeling and architecture

    一些來自面向服務的建模和體系結構方法service - oriented modeling and architecture method ， soma的技術很好地支持「寬度優先」方法，即：自頂向下top - down域分解自底向上bottom - up現有系統分析以及目標-服務建模請參閱文章「
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