maritime code 中文意思是什麼
maritime code
解釋
海事法；海商法-
Contract of affreightment ( coa ) of goods by sea has been adopted in shipping practice for a long time. however, coa has not been specifically stipulated in china maritime code ( cmc ). the academic opinions on coa have been in disputes
海上貨物包運作為實踐中被廣為應用的運輸方式，立法中並未對其作明確規定，而諸多海商法學論著也未對其進行系統、詳細的論述，所以對于包運合同的理解一直存在爭議。 -
The first one is whether the third party can be the mortgager according to the maritime code, the third party can not the guarantee others " debt with his own ship
第一個問題是第三人是否可以成為船舶抵押的抵押人的問題。據《海商法》的規定可推知，在船舶抵押中第三人不能用自己的船舶為他人的債務做擔保。 -
According to china ' s maritime code, the liabiiity of breaching a contract of carriage of goods by sea is determined by whether the breaching party has f8ult or not, while it aiso stipuiates in articie 51 that ; " the carrier shaii not be iiable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier ' s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the foiiowing causes ( ( 1 ) fault of the mastef, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship "
我國海商法在海上貨物運輸方面的承運人違約責任之歸責採取過錯責任原則，但因其在第51條又規定「船長、船員、引航員或者承運人的其他受僱人在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的過失」承運人不負賠償責任。因為這一點，海商法學界稱之為不完全過失責任制。 -
Having this in mind, researching methodologies and ideas of this paper are based on the analysis of general principles of burden of proof in civil law. meanwhile, taking into account the specialties of shipping law, this paper compared the rules of burden of proof among hague rules, hague - visby rules, hamburg rules, draft of united states carriage of goods by sea act 1999 ( cogsa ), china maritime code and china contract act 2000
有鑒於此，本論文對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的研究是建立在對一般民事舉證責任分析的基礎上，結合海商法特點，重點對《海牙規則》 、 《海牙威斯比規則》 、 《漢堡規則》 、美國1999年海上貨物運輸法草案以及我國《合同法》 、 《海商法》對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的規定做了具體的比較和分析。 -
Nevertheless, china maritime code does not regulate issues concerning bill of lading negotiation roundly and systematically. and it cannot seek a better resolution by international conventions such as hague rules, hamburg rules. so there remains many matters and disputes unresolved in practice
然而，我國《海商法》對于提單轉讓相關問題規定的不盡系統和全面，而通過《海牙規則》和《漢堡規則》國際公約中關于提單的規定也不能夠很好地解決問題，導致實踐中諸多問題的出現。 -
Chapter ii makes analysis on properties of lien on marine goods under article 87 of maritime code, based on examples of legislation on lien in various countries. the author holds that there are two properties of lien : one is lien exercised by the carrier when the freight, contribution in general average and other necessary charges which are the other party ' s obligation to be paid to the carrier are not paid. it is a real right lien, which is a legal real right for security
第二章通過各國留置權立法例的啟示，分析了我國《海商法》第87條項下的海運貨物留置權的性質，筆者認為其性質分為二部分：承運人為收取運費、共同海損分攤和為貨物墊付的必要費用等屬于對方合同義務的費用而行使的留置權，是一種物權性的留置權，為法定擔保物權；承運人為收取滯期費等屬于對方合同責任的費用而扣留貨物，是一種債權性留置權，為合同的留置權。 -
The liable persons in general shall return of cargo or continue to deliver cargo, or compensate for losses according to " maritime code of prc ", " contract law of prc ", and " general principles of the civil law of the prc "
無單放貨損失界定的法律依據是我國《海商法》 、 《合同法》以及《民法通則》的相關規定，責任人一般要承擔返還貨物或繼續履行交付貨物，以及賠償貨物損失的責任。 -
Application of article 88 of maritime code is limited by exercising lien on goods not taken delivery of at the port of discharge
海商法第88條僅規定在卸貨港無人提取貨物的情況下，承運人才可行使留置權，縮小了海運貨物留置權的適用。 -
The second chapter discusses two issues, one of them is that how to construe the stipulation in article 314 of maritime code in case of occurrence of damage to cargos caused by the event of force majeure and whether the freight unpaid should be paid or the freight prepaid should be refunded in aforesaid circumstance
第二章探討了兩個問題，第一個問題是有關在航次租船合同中，當發生不可抗力造成貨物滅失時，如何解釋合同法314條中的相關規定，對于未支付運費的是否繼續支付?已支付運費的是否需要返還 -
The author makes a comparative analysis of the provisions of the prc maritime code regulating the liability of the carrier for the death of or personal injury to a passenger and the corresponding solutions of foreign laws and international conventions. she seeks to establish to what degree the solutions of international conventions have been incorporated into the prc maritime code and predict to what degree the amendment of athens convention will impact the domestic law. at the international level the carrier ' s liability has been stated by the 1974 athens convention relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea ( athens convention )
《海商法》及其配套法規僅就海上旅客運輸合同中承運人對旅客人身傷亡損害賠償限額作出明確的規定，我國法律和實務界對海上旅客人身傷亡損害的賠償范圍沒有作出明確規定，故作者對運輸過程中應由承運人負責的旅客人身傷亡的金錢損害賠償和精神損害賠償展開討論，參照外國和國內的相關法律制度，明確其賠償范圍和具體的計算方法。 -
The definition of possessory lien on vessel contained in art. 25 of china maritime code make the legal regime of possessory liens on vessel obscure
《海商法》第25條僅界定特定意義下的船舶留置權，掩蓋了其他船舶留置權的法律地位，從而使船舶留置權制度的各方面模糊不清。 -
The conclusion is positive. in light of its characteristics, when the maritime code is mended, the maritime lien should be in the scope of real right for security. honggang sun ( maritime law ) directed by zhengxiong jiang
結論是船舶優先權根據其性質應定性為一種擔保物權，在《海商法》修改時，若能將「船舶物權」列為單獨的一章，則應把船舶優先權歸入擔保物權的范圍內。 -
The suggestion of real law provides that mortgage is undividable, while the maritime code provide that the motgage can be partly transferred to others
《物權法建議稿》規定有抵押權的「不可分性」 ，而《海商法》規定有抵押權的部分轉移。 -
The thesis illustrates all kinds of acts in practice, analyses the relationship between each act and the liability for it on the grounds of the provisions of international conventions, the custom and usage, and the laws of several countries, and gives a discussion of their reasonableness and the special provisions in chinese maritime code
本文列舉了實踐中經常出現的無單放貨行為，結合國際公約與慣例的規定以及英美等有關國家的法律規定，分析每一種無單放貨行為與法律責任承擔的關系，並對其存在的合理性予以探討，重點分析我國《海商法》規定的不同之處。 -
The first part discusses whether the maritime code should establish the concepts of real right of ship
第一部分探討了《海商法》中建立船舶物權的必要性。 -
For example, there are no concepts of real right of ship and other definitions in our maritime code. the suggestion of real law draft of china ( i call it suggestion of real law below ) has the important role of reference
1999年定稿的《中國物權法草案建議稿》 （以下簡稱《物權法建議稿》 ）雖然在以後的審議中被否決了，但其提出的許多現行法律中沒有的概念和規定，對於我們研究船舶物權有著一定的借鑒作用。 -
Firstly i have discussed the theory research and legislation of real law in our country and other countries. and then i have discussed development of the legislation of real right of ship and the need of establishing the concept of ship real right in our maritime code
在這一部分，筆者從大陸法系各主要國家及我國的物權法的理論研究及立法發展的歷史入手，探討了船舶物權的立法歷史以及《海商法》立法對于建立船舶物權概念的需求。 -
The thesis determines the scope of such liability on the basis of article 55 of chinese maritime code. it distinguishes the methods for calculating the damage between subjective method and objective method and gives an analysis and comparison between them
免單放貸的姑並責他門針研究中文摘要關于無單放貨法律責任的范圍，本文以我國《海商法》第55條的規定為基礎，將損失的計算方法分為主觀與客觀兩種，並對兩種方式的優劣進行分析。 -
In england carriage of goods by sea acts do not apply to voyage charter parties. the parties cancel the voyage charter parties according to the regulations of contract law. in china we must apply the contract law of prc, the maritime code of prc and the regulations on domestic carriage of goods by water correctly
在英國法中，關于海上貨物運輸的成文立法並不適用於航次租船合同，解決航次租船合同的解除問題完全依賴一般合同法原則;在中國法中，應注意正確適用《海商法》 、 《國內水路貨物運輸規則》和《合同法》 。 -
The views " the contract of international carriage of goods by sea has the characteristic of binding the third party " in maritime legal community are not correct. this view directly leads to the disputes in understanding the relevant articles of the chinese maritime code and the disputes in determining the person liable for not taking delivery of the goods at destination
海商法學界關于「國際海上貨物運輸合同具有約束第三方性質」的主張，並不是對于海上貨物運輸合同特徵的準確描述，但這一主張卻是導致在理解海商法相關條款上產生歧義、在司法實踐中確定目的港無人提貨主體時產生紛爭的重要根源。
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