market reforms 中文意思是什麼

After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。

China has attracted worldwide attention as a rapidly - growing, emerging market gradually undergoing further reforms

中國經濟高速增長，改革逐步深化，已成為世界矚目的新興市場。

21. china has attracted worldwide attention as a rapidly - growing, emerging market gradually undergoing further reforms

21 .中國經濟高速增長，改革逐步深化，已成為世界矚目的新興市場。

Align with the deep going of the housing system reforms, commercial dwellings of different standards emerged onto the market in a big quantity

我國隨著住房制度改革的深入，大批量的、各種檔次的商品住宅湧出市面。

China ’ s integration with the global economy began in earnest only after the market - oriented reforms that were instituted in 1978

但中國的確從以fdi為主導的資本流入模式中受益。

Behind his bluster at the ecb he is pushing supply - side reforms, including a loosening of the gummed - up french labour market

然而大言不慚的背後他正在推行供應經濟改革，包括對動蕩的勞動市場放寬政策。

During the period of shift from planning economy to market economy, china began the variance of industrial regulation. first, in 1980 " s there were some reforms of industrial regulation in frustrations such as telecom, electrics, transports industries, aiming at separating government and enterprises, hastening competitions, promoting efficiency. reforms is the original impetus of the variance of industrial regulation

在由計劃經濟體制全面向市場經濟體制轉軌過程中，中國開始了產業規制變遷歷程，其標志是20世紀80年代初，以「政企分離，打破壟斷，促進競爭，提高效率」為目的，在電信、電力、交通運輸業等基礎設施行業進行的產業規制改革，市場化改革是中國產業規制變遷的初始原動力。

As market reforms have deepened and social inequality has widened, legal forums - ranging from mediation and arbitration commissions to courts - have come to play an increasingly prominent role

隨著市場改革的加深和社會不平等的加大，法律機構? ?從調解委員會、仲裁委員會到法院，都開始扮演著越來越明顯的作用。

The author has discussed thoroughly a series of important topics such as market opening, anti - monopolization, re - molding the main competitive parts and speeding up reforms of government administrant system. the fruit of this paper will have an important application foreground and greatly benefit the economy and society of the government. it can also direct government to make efficient decisions and also give use for reference to other cities

本文從陜西基礎領域改革面臨的現實矛盾出發，借鑒國際經驗，對開放市場、反壟斷、重塑競爭主體和加快政府投融資體制改革等重大議題進行了深入討論，研究成果具有重要的應用前景與經濟社會效益，對陜西省政府的宏觀決策具有較強的理論指導意義，對其他城市的公用事業改革也有操作上的借鑒作用。

History circumstances and theory background of our state - owned enterprise reformation in the stage 1 are described in the first part of the article, it also commented on the important theory argument, and the inquirement of theory circle of this particular period chiefly centered on problems such as the relation between plan and market as well as the quality of enterprise etc. the reformation measure of the state - owned enterprise reforms in the stage 2 is looked back in the second part of this article, and our country state - owned enterprise reforms had transferred form simply endowing enterprise with benefit to many kinds of experimental units existing side by side such as the contract system, the job responsibility system of capital and property management and the share system etc. according to the content of economics circle argument, i divided this stage to

根據經濟學界爭論的內容，我將這一階段劃分為兩個時期，前一時期（ 1985年? ? 1988年）理論界主要就企業股問題、股份制問題、資產經營承包責任制問題、國有資產的經營管理問題展開討論;后一時期（ 1989年? ? 1997年）討論的焦點有「科斯定理」與我國國有企業改革的關系，產權理論和重塑我國產權制度。文章第三部分描述了1997年以來國有企業改革的情況，在十五大精神指引下，我國國有企業改革繼續向縱深方向發展。這一階段理論界爭論的焦點有「現代企業制度」問題，國有經濟戰略調整問題以及對現實中出現的各種「經理行為」的解析。

In the process of transition from the planned economy to market economy, the fiscal system also reforms continuously in the quest and experiences huge variety. the implementation of tax - sharing system in the first step is to meet the request of market economy, but the reform is unsatisfactory

從統收統支的財政體制到財政包干制再到分稅制財政體制，財政體制的改革經歷了巨大變化，特別是分稅制的初步推行開啟了符合市場經濟要求的財政體制的完善進程。

This thesis regard internal property reorganization in the group of pangang as the research object, from chengdu seamless steel pipe limited liability company with chengdu iron and steel works inside exterior environment reorganizing in front and back commences, making use of to exceed the makel - bot with of five factors competition models and the method of factors analysis, after analyzing the reorganization of the business enterprise a profession for facing competes the situation. develop the development the business enterprise with the profession industry from the international local profession rival circumstance after analyzing the reorganization should the market position of the establishment with develop the strategy target. make use of the swot the analysis the method, to after the reorganization the development strategy of the business enterprise, from manage the angle proceeded the fixed position analyzes, for after the reorganization business enterprise development provided four kinds of developments strategy that eligibility choose : the brave development strategy, request the resources advantage, funds advantage, human resource advantage, technique advantage that new company make the most of new business enterprise in empress in reorganization, is an essential condition to increases to manage the level, quickly technique reforms, develop the high and additional worth product with new product production line, as soon as quikly change to strong and large business enterprise, realizes soon steel aircraft carrier dream ; dispersion strategy, the technology market quota with deal with produce high additional worth product, completely promote business enterprise brand image, extend high carry product of the exaltation product, is a necessary means to increases business enterprise performance, realizes business enterprise target ; defense strategy, adjusting the business enterprise organizes construction, reducing the intensive type in labor and the low additional worth product line, lower bad the property saves the deal, alleviating the business enterprise burden, attaining the casual wear go to battle, benefitting to the challenge that make frontal attack the rival ; withdraw strategy, compress the production of the high depletion and high cost product, simplify the production craft, controlling the cost of the end product in the lower level, is a valid path to increases business enterprise competition ability

本論文以攀鋼集團內部的資產重組為研究對象，從成都無縫鋼管有限責任公司與成都鋼鐵廠重組前後的內外部環境入手，運用邁克爾?波特的五力競爭模型及因素分析法，分析了重組后的企業所面臨的行業競爭態勢。從國際國內行業競爭對手情況和本行業發展動態分析了重組后企業應確立的市場地位和發展戰略目標。運用swot分析法，對重組后企業的發展戰略，從管理角度進行了定位分析，為重組后企業發展提供了可選擇的四種發展戰略：即大膽發展戰略，要求新公司充分運用重組后新企業的資源優勢，資金優勢，人力資源優勢，技術優勢，是提高管理水平，加快技術改造，開發高附加值產品和新產品生產線，盡快立於強勢企業之林，早日實現「鋼鐵航母」夢的必要條件；分散性戰略，提高產品的科技含量和生產高附加值的產品，全面提升企業品牌形象，擴大高端產品的市場份額，是提高企業效益，實現企業目標的必要手段；防禦性戰略，調整企業組織結構，削減勞動密集型和低附加值產品生產線，降低不良資產存量，減輕企業包袱，做到輕裝上陣，有利於迎擊競爭對手的挑戰；退出性戰略，壓縮高消耗、高成本產品的生產，降低低端產品的比例，精簡生產工藝，將最終產品的成本控制在較低水平，是提高企業競爭力的有效途徑。

By seizing the opportunities of entering the wto and borrowing from the successful experience of developed countries " banking restructures, the state - owned commercial banks in our country should take the time to make advancements by strengthening the reforms of the property rights system and optimize the reorganization of bank assets under the guidance of the market economy system, improving the comprehensive competitive ability, assisting in the improvement in our country ' s economy

我國國有商業銀行應順時求變，抓住「入世」的有利時機，借鑒發達國家銀行重組和並購的成功經驗，深化產權制度改革，以市場為導向進行銀行資本的優化整合，增強綜合競爭能力，為我國經濟騰飛保駕護航。本文在探討國際國內銀行重組的經驗教訓基礎上進行實證分析，提出了我國國有商業銀行重組的理論和實踐方案。

The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern

本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。

Chinese universities must improve education quality and better the condition of opening school, which depends on ample education funds, if they are struggling to survive in the wave of market economy. therefore, we must make reforms on the financial system of chinese universities, check education cost and raising cost benefit

我國高校在市場經濟的浪潮中想求得生存和發展就必須提高教學質量，改善辦學條件，這些也都離不開充足的教育經費，因此從節支的意義上來講就必須對現行高校財務制度進行改革，就必須核算成本，提高成本效益。

By focusing squarely on broader financial sector reforms, intellectual property, and the array of market access concerns, the us government and the business community can move us forward in resolving these issues, bringing real benefit to the us economy

如果我們公平地關注更大范圍內金融領域的改革、知識產權保護、市場準入問題，美國政府和商界就能在解決這些問題方面取得進步，從而真正給美國經濟帶來好處。

China s economic transformation has been even more radical. market reforms have spurred more than two decades of unprecedented growth, and the decision at the recently ended 15th party congress to sell off most all of china s big, state - owned industries promises to keep china moving toward a market economy

最近在哥倫比亞卡塔吉那舉行的會議上，貿易部長們再次肯定此一承諾，再次指示工作小組繼續為談判鋪路，並同意立即採取步驟向此目標邁進，如關稅手續的解除管制與現代化。

Market reforms to increase bankinf - g sector competition

促進銀行業競爭的市場改革

Speech by the financial secretary, mr antony leung, at the royal institute of international affairs chatham house in london on " market reforms in china : hong kong and other catalysts for change " on november 26, 2002

署理財政司司長葉澍?出席第二屆中國香港國際投資貿易洽談會的致辭全文（十二月十一日）財政司司長梁錦松主持香港繽紛冬日節亮燈儀式致辭全文（十二月一日）

Mr. lane ( lamy ) suspended the doha round after wto menbers could not reach an agreement on two major issues : subsities ( subsidies ) and market reforms

由於世貿組織主要成員國未能在政府出口補貼和市場準入方面的改革兩大問題上達成一致，拉米中止了多哈回合會談。