monopoly right 中文意思是什麼
monopoly right
解釋
專利權, 專賣權-
There are some outer and inner reasons, such as monopoly system, latent guarantee from state credit, long period of governmental intervention, imperfection of law, arrangement on the property right of state - owned banks, management system, and personnel system etc., which lead to the phenomenon, that is, stability of surface, imperfection of internality
銀行業壟斷體制、國家信用的隱性擔保、政府長期干預、法律的不完備等外在體制上的原因和國有銀行產權安排、經營體制、人事制度等內生性因素共同導致了國有銀行信用外觀堅實、內在缺失的現狀。 -
The thesis lists five natures of the natural resources, on the base of which it discusses the merits and defects of the monopoly model and binary model, then presents the necessity of constructing a “ trisect model ” of real right system of natural resources. by making the comparison of nature and the objects between the civil real right system and the real right system of natural resources, this article believes that the real right system of natural resources, the need to implement the sustainable development strategy, is a new independent social right different from the civil real right system
本文深入的分析了自然資源的五大特徵（屬性） ，並以此為基點批判「一元」模式和「二元」模式的弊端與缺陷，提出構建「三元」模式自然資源物權制度的必然性;通過民事物權與自然資源物權在性質與客體兩方面的比較，認為自然資源物權是獨立於民事物權的新型權利，是環境危機背景下的可持續發展戰略的必然要求，屬于社會權，其制度構建應有別于作為私權代表的民事物權。 -
Franchising or special permit business, as a particular intangible property right, the legal condition of its contract law is different from ordinary contract. this pa per tries to make it clear how to apply competition law and anti - monopoly law to franchising contract
特許經營作為一種特殊的無形財產權，其合同內容的合法性條件有別於一般合同，對特許經營合同內容如何適用競爭法或反壟斷法的規定，是本文試圖理清的一個問題。 -
Examining the “ monopoly model ” carefully, many scholars hold that the real right system of natural resources based on private right and marketization is the only way to change the present situation of resources use
學界在深刻反省「一元」模式后，認為以私權和市場化運作為基礎的自然資源物權制度（我們稱為「二元」模式）是改變我國自然資源利用現狀的必由之路。 -
Patent law has formed the mechanism that balances the different interest of the society, such as the patent right ca n ' t be abused etc. in fact, gene sequence patent extend industrial circles " monopoly right to bring them more interest
就一國內部來講，傳統專利法在調整利益關繫上的實踐中已形成了一種衡平機制，如對基礎理論不能壟斷、獲得的專利壟斷權不能超出其做出的貢獻、不能濫用專利權、對技術的進一步的開發、研究不能壟斷等。 -
Immediately after, this article analyzed gains or losses of standardize, analyzed the two greatest irregularities because of standardize : standardize monopoly and international trade technical barrier. standardize monopoly comes from the abuse of patent right, because of the close relation between standardize and patent right. through the article listed a lot of examples, introduced the proceeding how enterprise abuse patent right to restrict competition
接著，分析了標準化的利弊，重點分析了標準化所產生的兩大弊端:標準化壟斷和國際貿易技術壁壘。由於標準化和專利權有著密切聯系，標準化壟斷基本上是由於專利權的濫用所產生的，詳細介紹了企業在標準化戰略中，如何濫用專利權限制競爭。 -
Exclusive monopoly right
排他性的獨占權 -
Property right system can ensure the owner of the technology innovation asset ' s to have certain monopoly right, which excludes imitators to violate the property right of the technology innovation property owners, and provides permanent and effective stimulant drive for technology innovation activities
產權制度可以保證技術創新資產擁有者一定的獨占權，排除仿製者對技術創新產權所有者利益的侵犯，為技術創新活動提供持續、有效的激勵動力。 -
Intellectual property right is a legitimate monopoly. generally speaking, intellectual property possibly makes the proprietor hold a dominant market position, some proprietor of intellectual property right abuse the dominant market position for benefit. as we know, antimonopoly law " s purpose is to protect competition, so anticompetitive acts will be published by antimonopoly law
但是，知識產權這種獨占權往往會使權利擁有者在某一特定市場上形成壟斷或支配地位，限制了該市場的競爭，尤其是在某些情況下，知識產權人可能會超出法律允許的正當范圍，濫用其依法獲得的正當權，通過不正當地行使知識產權，非法限制競爭，從而違反了反壟斷法。 -
Yet intellectual property ' s legal monopolization is a decisive factor of franchisor ' s right in restricting franchisee ' s activities in their contract to some extent. at the same time, franchise also involves three parties of franchisor, franchisee, and other relevant competitors and includes competitive relation in terms of the horizontal and vertical levels. besides, a franchisor tends to use his advantages to abuse his rights, restricting competition against the anti - monopoly law such as tied selling, resale price maintenance and regional restrictions, when he signs a contract with a franchisor
因為特許經營與壟斷專營有相似之處，在特許經營中，特許人（或稱特許權人）通過特許經營合同將其所擁有的商標、商號、專利或專有技術等使用權授予被特許人，這就涉及到知識產權、產品銷售權、技術技巧等的轉讓，而知識產權本身的合法壟斷性質決定了特許人在特許經營合同中有權對被特許人的活動進行一定的限制；同時，特許經營又涉及特許人、被特許人和其他相關競爭者，包含橫向、縱向兩個層次的競爭關系，特許人與被特許人簽訂特許經營合同時，極有可能利用其優勢地位濫用特許權，做出搭售、維持轉售價格、區域限制等與反壟斷法相抵觸的限制競爭行為。 -
The constitutive of china rules that the right of chinese secret and liberty of communication is protected. so china post provides a universal service with mail monopoly
在1999年萬國郵聯通過的《北京宣言》中把「享受通信服務特別是普遍郵政服務」定義為人的基本權利。 -
The approach to analyze the economic value of exhaustion of exclusive right system and the efficiency of intellectuality property right system. intellectuality property right is a monopoly, and monopoly leads to deficiency. it costs law a lot in the protection of the monopoly status of the fight owner
從法理學上分析權利用盡理論的正義價值，秩序價值，通過權利用盡制度，合理分配知識產權人和相關權利主體之間的權利和義務，以確立知識產權的正義準則，通過平衡知識產品交易各方的利益以實現正義秩序，實現了法律的最終價值目標。 -
For common competitive industries, property rights and competition are two common means to overcome the deficiency caused by monopoly ; however, for bank with a special property structure, especially in china, where exists asymmetry of information and national monopoly, the objective can not be realized simply by means of property right and competition
對於一般自然壟斷產業，產權改革和引入競爭是克服公有壟斷低效率的兩種常用的手段;然而對于銀行這種特殊產業，特別是在中國，由於信息不對稱以及行政性壟斷的存在，因而並不能簡單地通過產權和競爭來達到這一目的。 -
Great progresses have been made in the reform of the natural monopoly industry of china, but the fundamental transition has not taken place in the situation of single state - own property right
摘要中國自然壟斷產業的改革已經取得了一定的成果，但產權國有、單一的局面並沒有發生根本性轉變。 -
Chapter 1 studies the essentiality of establishing the chinese management system of state - owned enterprises ( mssoe ) from the original history, special functions and the property - right characteristics of state - owned enterprises ( soes ) : firstly, the origins of soes are not overcomes of market mechanism spontaneous practice, but the effect of government interference in the economy, because of the external economy, natural monopoly and uncertainty and so on. secondly, soes have many special functions : they supply public goods and service that private firms are unwilling to supply or unable to produce in order to keep social economy and life work
從國有企業產生的歷史看，國有企業不是市場機制自發作用的產物，而是國家政權干預經濟的結果；從國有企業的職能來看，國有企業肩負著政治經濟的雙重職能，其目標是多元化的；從國有企業的產權來看，產權具有私人產權所沒有的特徵；所有者是一個數目不確定的龐大集合併存在太長的委託? ?代理鏈條，逆向選擇和道德風險情況嚴重。 -
It s characteristics of variety and openness to expansion ensure that it can easily keep pace with local development. a light rail rapid transit system with a monopoly right of way is the most flexible pre - set rail system in urban public transportation
一、號志系統及行控中心電腦系統為整體路網能否安全及順利運轉之重要關鍵之一，為系統擴建及整合過程中必須予以重視之一環。 -
In other words, the obligee, with intellectual property right, exclusively possesses or exercises his intellectual property right within the range allowed by laws. if the oblige abuses his monopoly right and consequently implements limiting trade or competition, the oblige will violate the anti - monopoly law
在西方國家對這一問題的研究已經取得一定的成果，而在我國，知識產權與反壟斷法之間的復雜關系似乎還沒有引起法學界的足夠重視。 -
Therefore, the basic theory of the anti - monopoly law is that the intellectual property right is a lawful monopoly right ; the abuse of it should be prohibited. thus the relation between the two is complicated for in some cases they are identical but in other cases they are in conflict with each other
在已有的反壟斷法論著中，普遍將知識產權作為反壟斷法的適用除外；而在知識產權的論著中也突出強調知識產權的獨占性即壟斷性，基本不涉及反壟斷的問題。 -
Industrial circles are active advocator for monopoly right to gene sequences. scholars stand a different position on this point. the developed countries usually grant gene sequence patent in their patent law, but most if the developing countries do n ' t allow patenting on gene sequences
企業界為了能取得壟斷權而成為基因序列專利的積極鼓吹者；學者們立場不一，各執一端；發達國家往往允許對基因序列申請專利，以維護本國的利益，而發展中國家由於生物技術落後往往不允許對基因序列申請專利。 -
In this paper, we take xi ' an as an example and analyze the developing trend of xi ' an housing industry. to the question of high ratio of house price and unreasonable property right structure in xi ' an housing industry development, we make four suggestions : to break the monopoly of real estate market, to deepen the reform of institution of house property right, to speed the construction of infrastructure of city and to perfect the social security system
本文還以西安為例，分析了西安住宅產業的發展趨勢，並針對西安住宅產業發展中存在的房價收入比過高和現有住宅產權結構不合理問題，提出了四條政策建議，即打破房地產市場的壟斷、深化住宅產權制度改革、加快城市基礎設施建設和完善社會保障制度。
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