necessary damages 中文意思是什麼
necessary damages
解釋
必要的損失賠償-
Provided that when damage to the ship is discovered at a port or place of loading or call without any accident or other extraordinary circumstance connected with such damage having taken place during the voyage, then the wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew and fuel and stores consumed and port charges incurred during the extra detention for repairs to damages so discovered shall not be admissible as general average, even if the repairs are necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage
如果船舶的損壞是在裝貨或停靠港口或地點發現的，而且航程中沒有發生過與此項損壞有關的任何意外事故或其他特殊情況，則在修理上述損壞的額外停留期間所支付的船長、高級船員和一般船員的工資、給養和消耗的燃料、物料和港口費用不得認作共同海損，即使這項修理是安全的完成航程所必需的。 -
The modern retail trade develops changes with each new day, when the civil air defense, the video frequency monitoring ordinary guards against damages the management method starts to display narrow and cramped, when the stealing japan zhejiang method wise specialized is highly effective, the eas system the important management tool which guards against as the thing, rapidly is listed as each big retail trade to sell the field to guard against damages the management the necessary facility
現代零售業發展日新月異，當人防、視頻監控普通的防損管理手段開始表現出狹隘和局促時，當盜竊者日浙手段高明專業高效時， eas系統作為物防的重要管理工具，迅速被列為各大零售業賣場防損管理的必備設施。 -
The author believes that only the damages undertook by the natural person due to the torts, property or non - property, makes it necessary to apply the compensation for spiritual damage
筆者以為，精神損害賠償的范圍，應以自然人的人格利益為中心，以其遭受的特定身份和財產權益損害為限。 -
However, according to the bifurcated approach to problems of causation, the scope of damages that defined by the " cause in fact " is provided with the probability of enlargement infinitely and uncertainty, so it is necessary to restrict the scope of damages by some legal means within the meaning of techniques of law. meantime, it is unfair that the risk of transaction is only undertaked by the defaulting party, so it is necessary to make use of some legal means to delimit the reasonable damages for the defaulting party
首先，筆者提出：根據全部賠償原則，違約方應賠償因其違約行為給合同債權人造成的所有損害，而借用國外學者關于因果關系二分法的觀點，該「事實上的因果關系」所劃定的損害賠償范圍具有無限擴大的可能性和不確定性，因此從法技術講，就有必須要利用一些法律手段對該賠償范圍予以限界；同時，交易活動本身固有的風險單由合同違約方承擔也是不公平的，因此也有必要利用一些法律手段為違約方劃定一個合理的賠償責任范圍。 -
The author believes that if all these assumptions are tenable, it will be necessary to include damages caused by public utilities into national indemnity
筆者認為:如果這些假定能夠成立的話，那麼就有必要將公有公共設施納入國家賠償，並循國家賠償法規定之救濟途徑進行救濟就是一種必然。 -
Would you please take the necessary steps to collect for the damages from the ex press company immediately
煩請貴公司立即採取必需的步驟以便向運輸公司要求損壞賠償。 -
Provided that when damage to the ship is discovered at a port or place of loading or call without any accident or other extraordinary circumstance connected with such damage having taken place during the voyage, then the wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew and fuel and stores consumed during the extra detention for repairs to damages so discovered shall not be admissible as general average, even if the repairs are necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage
如果船舶的損壞是在裝貨或停靠港口或地點發現的，而且航程中沒有發生過與此項損壞有關的任何意外事故或其他特殊情況，則在修理上述損壞的額外停留期間所支付的船長、高級船員和一般船員的工資、給養和消耗的燃料、物料不得認作共同海損，即使這項修理是安全的完成航程所必需的。 -
First, this paper illustrates that punitive damages has strong prevention function, at the same time it accords with the inspirit of civil law of modern times, it does n ' t conflict with basic theories of civil law, such as the partition of public law and private law, the separation of civil law and criminal law and unjust benefit, it is also the necessary supplement of compensatory civil liability, therefore it has the rationality of being
懲罰性賠償制度是英美法特有的一種民事責任形式，近些年該制度在大陸法國家及我國引起很大爭論。本文首先從理論上闡明了該制度具有很強的預防功能，符合現代民法的精神，與公法與私法的劃分、民刑分離、不當得利這些民法基本理論並不矛盾，是補償性民事責任的必要補充，因此具有存在的合理性。 -
Furthermore, the author analyzes the necessary conditions of civil liafilities for divorce damages and demonstrates whether " the third party " should be prosecuted or not
其主要依據有:第一，建立離婚損害賠償制度，是保一2一護無過錯方當事人合法權益的需要。 -
Then it was necessary to study the matrix crack and delamination damages in detail, which occurred with the maximum probability and played the most important role on fwc failure. two models about damage analysis were established b y using energy method and shear lag method. the mechanism of damage and the effect to structure performance caused by damage are studied further
在此基礎上，深入地研究了殼體損傷發生概率最大、而危害又相當明顯的典型損傷類型? ?基體開裂和分層損傷，分別採用能量法和剪切滯後方法建立基體開裂和分層損傷的模型，對損傷的機理和損傷對殼體性能的影響進行了深入的研究。
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