primary stress 中文意思是什麼

It has been discovered that the deformation in the primary creep regime can well described by eqution : - 0 = atm, moreover, the eqution : = a n exp ( - q / rt ) can be used to interpret phenomenally the relationship between the steady - state creep rate and stress, temperature

蠕變的第一階段也就是減速蠕變階段的蠕變變形可用? _ 0 = at ~ m來描述。可以唯象地解釋穩態蠕變速率和蠕變應力和溫度之間的關系。

Utilizing pseudo - static method theory, calculated the safety factor for the dam slope, give, a primary conclusion. utilizing static finite element method based on duncan - chang hyperhola modelfound the static stress riele, make the foundation for hynamical finite element analysis. utilizing dynamical finite element method based on equipollence linearity model, found the dynamical stress field and the acceleration field, make the foundation for calculated the safety factor of the dam slop with finite element method

運用擬靜力法的基本原理，對滿拉堆石壩的壩坡穩定進行了分析研究，得出了初步結論；採用duncan - chang雙曲線模型，用計算土石壩應力及變形的靜力有限元程序，對滿拉堆石壩進行了靜力有限元分析，得到了壩體的靜應力場分佈，為動力有限元計算打下基礎。

Ways have been put up to deal with the situation mentioned above in a big way : devoting much attention to the reading and accumulating in primary school, arousing the interest of the students in reading, lay stress on developing the habit of reading ; showing the students the reading method and technique ; creating student - centered reading teaching ; training their perceptivity and thinking ; giving elective courses, making a good job of reading after class ; guiding them to bring the advantage of regional culture into full play, reading more after class ; changing the idea of reading of the whole society to form a good atmosphere

環境因素：家庭閱讀條件差，學校和社會的閱讀環境不良。針對上述現狀，筆者提出了相應的培養學生閱讀能力的對策：重視小學階段的閱讀積累；激發學生的閱讀興趣，注重閱讀習慣的養成；教給學生閱讀的方法和技巧；創設主體性閱讀教學模式；培養學生的感悟能力和思維能力；開設閱讀選修課，加強課外閱讀指導；發揮地域文化優勢，開展課外閱讀活動；轉變全社會的閱讀觀念，營造良好的閱讀氛圍。

Primary calculation of contact stress of self - lubricated ammunition belts

自潤滑彈帶接觸應力問題的初步計算

The ascs is a hierarchical model. the primary dimension in this model distinguishes between positive and negative coping with stress. both positive and negative coping is further distinguished on a second dimension of problem - or emotion - focused coping with stress

17種應對方式可歸屬於4個二級維度，分別為：積極的問題關注應對、積極的情緒關注應對、消極的問題關注應對和消極的情緒關注應對；以及2個三級維度：積極應對方式和消極應對方式。

Analysis of elastic stress field and resolved shear stress in primary s lip system of bicrystal

雙晶體彈性應力場和主滑移系分解切應力的分析

The first stage is primary slip then followed by secondary slip ; the last stage is due to dislocation passing the slips. the cyclic stress strain ( css ) curve exhibits a stronger hardening occurred in cyclic plastic deformation than that in tensile test

建立了拉伸和應變疲勞的有限元模型，使用基於晶體滑移模型的數值方法，對晶體內部滑移系的啟動以及滑移繫上的分解切應變、切應力這些無法試驗觀測的變量進行計算，分析它們對晶體塑性變形的不同影響。

This paper, in the light of the special geological environment and actual project situation of the three gorges reservoir area, puts forward a comprehensive analysis and evaluation system suitable for the stability analysis of the bank landslide of the three gorges reservoir area under the premise of thorough consideration of the water influence on the stability of the bank landslide, and obtains the following achievements in several aspects that have the practical application significance and certain scientific research value : ( 1 ) it is discovered that the water activity is the primary factor of the formation of the new landslide and the revival of the ancient landslide. on the one hand, the rising underwater level reduces the actual stress of landslide ; on the other hand, the long time soaking of the underwater reduces the mechanics intensity of the landslide and the slide belt, both of which reduce directly the landslide stability ; ( 2 ) in view of the special condition of the three gorges reservoir area, this paper analyzes systematically the forces acted on the landslide of the three gorges reservoir area and the force varieties acted on the divided landslide when the water level changes between 175 meters and 145 meters. thus it is more scientific and comprehensive for the analysis of the forces acted on the landslide ; ( 3 ) this paper summaries systematically 10 kinds of typical computation projects by organic combinations of different kinds of situations in the dry season ( nature statue ), rainy season ( rainstorm or rains for a long time condition ), with 175m water level in the reservoir, during the earthquake, with the water level of the reservoir adjusted from 175m to 145m and so on, and produces

本文針對長江三峽庫區特殊的地質環境與工程實際情況，在充分考慮水對庫岸滑體穩定性影響的前提下，提出了一個適用於長江三峽庫岸滑坡體穩定性分析的綜合分析評價體系，並取得了如下幾個方面具有工程實際意義和一定科學研究價值的研究成果： （ 1 ）研究結果發現，水的活動是新滑坡形成或古滑坡復活的主要因素，一方面是由於地下水位升高降低了滑坡體的有效應力，另一方面是由於地下水的長期浸泡降低滑體及滑帶的力學強度，這兩方面的因素均將直接降低滑坡的穩定性； （ 2 ）針對三峽庫區的特殊條件，系統分析了作用於三峽庫區滑坡體上的力系和庫水位在175m與145m間變化時滑體條塊的受力變化，從而使對作用於滑坡體上的力系分析更科學、更全面； （ 3 ）通過對滑體處于旱季（天然狀態） 、雨季（暴雨或長期降雨狀態） 、 175m庫水位、地震以及庫水位由175m調節下降至145m等各種不同情況的有機組合，本文系統地歸納總結出了10種典型計算工況，並具體給出了相應的作用荷載的計算方法，使在庫區岸坡滑體穩定性分析評價時對計算工況選擇及其作用荷載的計算更具規范性； （ 4 ）具體運用c + + builder開發了關于滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統，使對滑坡體穩定性分析計算更方便、更準確； （ 5 ）將上述滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統應用於重慶市豐都縣名山滑坡穩定性分析的具體事例中，分析結果表明，本文所提出滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價方法對三峽庫區的滑坡穩定性分析是實用可行的。

And it investigates the appearance condition ( including joint, crack, eroding, corrosion, braking pole device rupture, crane - girder ' s gnawing railway and so on ) of the whole crane - girder system on the spot, at the same time, it also actually examines the stress of the beam, chemical ingredient, distortion and railway excursion, etc. through sampling, and based on the actually examined results, it checks and calculates the carrying capacity of crane - girder system. then, based on the investigating on the spot and the calculated result, it discusses the mechanism of fatigue failure of the upper part of welded steel crane - girder, analyses the reason of steel crane - girder in the high - frequency emerging the fatigue crack, institutes the strengthened method of damaged steel crane - girder of accurate packing up workshop of the primary mill plant. finally, it presents some advice and suggestions for the repairing and strengthening method of fatigue crack of upper part of steel crane - girder in the high - frequency

針對包鋼初軋廠精整車間鋼吊車樑上部區域出現裂縫這一問題，本文首先綜述了國內外關于焊接鋼吊車樑上部區域疲勞裂縫的研究現狀；其次對整個吊車梁系統的外觀情況（包括連接、裂縫、腐蝕、銹蝕、制動桿件斷裂、吊車啃軌等）進行了現場調查，抽樣實測了梁的應力、化學成分、變形及軌道偏移等，根據實測結果，對吊車梁系統的承載能力進行了驗算；然後，根據現場調查及計算結果，探討了焊接鋼吊車樑上部區域疲勞破壞的機理，分析了重級工作制鋼吊車梁出現疲勞裂縫的原因，制定了初軋廠精整車間破損鋼吊車梁的加固方案；最後就重級工作制鋼吊車樑上部區域出現疲勞裂縫的修復與加固方案提出了一些意見和建議。

Secondly, through reading of large documents, the paper analyses the typical housing policy of three west countries, including the general situation of housing policy, process history and policy trait. based on the comparative analysis of different housing policies the paper put forward some policies that can be used for reference. at last, aiming at the concrete problem, the paper come up with a series of countermeasure and put stress on the primary design of the mode of housing renting allowance

然後，通過大量文獻的閱讀，分析了西方國家的典型住房政策，包括政策地概況、發展演變歷程和政策特點，比較分析了各種政策的優劣，提出了值得我們現階段的政策措施最後，針對杭州中、低收入者住房政策的具體問題，提出了自己的對策建議，著重探討了住房租金補貼方式的初步設計實施。

The results indicate that the ratio of span to rise, the ratio of reinforcement and the stretching controlling stress are the three primary influencing factors to the failure pattern of the slab. in addition, the relationships between the ratio of deflection to span and the ratio of span to rise and the stretching controlling stress submit to linear curves, the relationship between the ratio of deflection to span and the ratio of reinforcement submits to a quadratic parabola curve

運用數值分析程序計算了175組不同跨高比、配筋率、張拉控制應力的中強（ 1270mpa ）螺旋肋鋼絲預應力空心板，結果表明跨高比、配筋率、張拉控制應力是影響空心板破壞形態的主要因素，且構件撓跨比與跨高比和張拉控制應力呈線性關系，與配筋率呈二次拋物線關系。

There are no significant differences between different grades. but in ordinary school, the stress score of primary school teachers is lower than that of second and high school teachers. on the contrary, the stress of high school teachers is the lowest hi key school

普通學校小學教師的應激水平顯著低於普通學校初中和高中教師，重點學校高中教師的應激水平卻低於重點小學和重點初中學校教師，重點高中教師的應激水平顯著低於普通高中教師。

The basic substance of price change is human emotion. panic, fear, greed, insecurity, anxiety, stress, and uncertainty are the primary sources of short - term price change

價本基的化變格要素是人的情感。慌亂、恐懼、貪感全安不、婪、擔心、壓力和猶豫不定，這些是動變格價期短的主要根源。

Primary investigation on the relationship between the crop water stress index and the soil moisture

作物水分脅迫指數與土壤含水量關系探討

The quantification indexes that token weathered degree are primary velocity, borehole rqd ( rock quality designation ), joint space, joint number and so on, and the unloading ones are primary velocity, joint opening, borehole penetrability and so on. the compartmentalization of different weathered and load - off zones according to quantification indexes tallies with the slope geo - stress computed by finite element method

其中研究風化分帶的定量指標有縱波速vp 、鉆孔rqd 、結構面間距與條數等，研究卸荷分帶的定量指標有縱波速度、節理開度與鉆孔巖體透水性，據此劃分的不同程度風化、卸荷巖體與有限元計算的壩區河谷應力場具有良好對應性。

Primary research on physiological and biochemistry characters of leymus chinensis under nacl stress

脅迫下羊草生理生化特性的初步研究

This paper summarizes the distribution law and basic features of karst caves in zhejiang province, gives a brief introduction to the specific characteristics of 8 main karst caves, and maintains that scientific tourism is the only way for the sustainable development of tourist industry of karst cave scene : exploitation of karst caves tourist resources is still in the primary stage ; individual and combinative characteristics of every karst cave scene must be made prominent ; leaders of government at different levels as well as people in charge of karst cave scene should lay stress not only on economic benefit but also on societal benefit ; main operation stags of scientific tourism ; requirement of improving tourism taste will further development of tourism resources of karst cave

摘要對浙江省巖溶洞穴的分佈規律與基本特徵進行了總結與概括，並就浙江省8個主要溶洞的個性特徵作了簡要的介紹，最後提出並論述了倡導科學旅遊是溶洞旅遊業可持續發展的必由之路：溶洞旅遊資源的開發目前仍處于初級階段；要突出每個溶洞景區的個性及其組合特點；各級黨政領導與溶洞景區負責人不僅要重視經濟效益，也要重視社會效益；科學旅遊的主要操作步驟；遊客對旅遊品位要求的提高也將進一步促進溶洞旅遊資源的深入開發。

Restoration ecology is ranked as one of three hotpots in biological realm as well as biological diversity and global climate change in recent years, which is one fresh branch of modem ecology. its primary research includes : the cause of degradation in ecosystem, techniques and methods of degraded ecosystem restoration and reconstruction, process and mechanism of ecology, research objectives of which are the destroyed ecosystems under the stress of natural catastrophes and human activities

恢復生態學與生物多樣性和全球氣候變化並列為生物領域的三大研究熱點，它主要研究生態系統退化的原因、退化生態系統恢復和重建的技術與方法、生態學過程與機理的科學，是現代生態學的年輕分支之一，其研究對象是一些在自然災變和人類活動壓力下受到破壞的生態系統。

The mathematic model of the ultra - thin spherical mirror is to be treated as elastic thin shell. then the predigested model, i. e., bended beam, used in qualitative analysis was proposed, and its deflection and stress formulas under the freely supported condition were set up. based on an off - axis aspherical primary mirror, the relationship of aspherical surface error ( rms ) in tangential plane with bended beam ’ s radius r, position s of concentrated load p and geometry length l of arc was analyzed

根據這一設想，本文建立了超薄鏡的數學模型?薄殼，並提出了強制力作用下超薄鏡的簡化模型?曲梁，推導了曲梁在簡支情況下受力變形的撓度公式，並結合一個實例，計算出曲梁變形后與所需非球面的面形殘差（ rms ）在子午方向與曲梁弧長l 、曲梁半徑r及集中力位置s的關系及滿足面形精度的r和s范圍，分析了弧矢方向的rms ，得出了同時滿足子午和弧矢方向面形要求的l 、 r和p 。

Then a dynamic visualization software - - afterdraw, which aims at 2d elastic - plastic fem, is programmed. afterdraw is capable of drawing the deformation figures of material, the regions of plasticity and the regions of tension distributing figures, primary stress vector figures and primary strain vector figures. besides, atterdraw could realistically dynamically simulate the deformation of the whole process of construction

在此基礎上，研究了針對二維彈塑性有限元的動態可視化后處理軟體afterdraw ， afterdraw能夠繪制基坑工程各步施工的結構變形圖、塑性區和受拉破壞區分布圖、主應力矢量圖和位移矢量圖， afterdraw還能夠逼真地動念模擬基坑工程整個施工過程變形情況。