range mode 中文意思是什麼

Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms ; with majority of them are benthic invertebrates. in contrast, marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal potential. this paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton. based on findings in 38 studied taxa, it was concluded that : 1 ) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton, suggesting holoplankton speciation was more active than previously thought ; 2 ) current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplankton ; 3 ) geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton. however, contribution of allopatric speciation is still questionable ; 4 ) ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton. cryptic speciation in marine holoplankton is paradoxical, because rapid speciation under strong gene flow is countertuitive. solution of this paradox will help us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity

隱種廣泛存在於各類海洋生物中，尤其是底棲無脊椎動物.然而，海洋終生浮游生物由於具有較強的擴散能力，往往被視為生物多樣性低、物種形成慢.本文就海洋終生浮游生物隱種與物種形成的研究作一綜述.基於研究的38個種類，結果表明: 1 ）海洋終生浮游生物普遍存在隱種，其物種形成要比想象得快; 2 ）由於引種的廣泛存在，形態種生物多樣性無法反映海洋終生浮游生物真正的物種多樣性; 3 ）地理隔離有助於海洋終生浮游生物隱種的形成，但異域物種形成的作用仍值得商榷; 4 ）生態物種形成很可能是海洋終生浮游生物物種形成的主流模式.海洋終生浮游生物強基因流下快速的物種形成有悖于生物進化常理，解決該悖論將有助於我們對海洋物種形成和生物多樣性的理解

The biggest characteristic of long - range education is to be mixed remotely alternant, it changed a tradition face - to - face classroom education mode

遠程教育的最大特點是遠程和交互，它改變了傳統的面對面的課堂教學模式。

The results show that : l ) there are three anomalous high temperature areas and three anomalous low temperature areas, and the whole area high temperature anomaly took place in the late 1980s, whereas the low temperature anomaly in the 1970 ; 2 ) the spatial mode manifests identical variations in the whole area, and the temporal coefficient curve is of 2 - 3 year period oscillation and an interdecadal abrupt in the late 1970s ; 3 ) the variance of interdecadal component is obviously larger than that of interannual in the most part of nespa ; 4 ) the interdecadal variation of the temperature is mainly linear ascendance in the late 1970s, the large range anomalous high ( low ) temperature occurs when the interdecadal and interannual anomaly are both positive ( negative ) in the year ; 5 ) the temperature anomaly is divided into four patterns : southern, northern, eastern and western patterns, in which the interdecadal variation of the southern and western patterns is relatively importance and the interannual variation of eastern and northern pattern is relatively importance

本文用夏季（ 6 - 8月）中國東北地區91個測站44年氣溫資料，對該區夏季氣溫的氣候平均和異常場進行分析，採用諧波分析將異常變化的年代際、年際尺度分量分離，分別分析兩種尺度上氣溫異常的時空特徵，最後應用reof進行了氣溫異常的區劃，研究局域異常變化的年代際、年際分量的變化特徵。結果發現： 1 ）東北夏季有三個異常高溫高發區和三個異常低溫高發區。全區性異常高溫（低溫）階段出現在上世紀80年代后（ 70年代） 。

At. detail specification for cold welded seal quartz crystal units for oscillator applications - dk enclosure, 6. 0 to 25 mhz frequency range - fundamental thickness - shear mode, at - cut, for operation over wide temperature ranges non - temperature controlled - full assessment level

振蕩器用冷焊密封石英晶體振子詳細規范. dp外殼6 . 0至25mhz頻率范圍.寬溫范圍

At. detail specification for cold welded seal quartz crystal units for oscillator applications - dn, dq and dp enclosures, 17 to 75 mhz frequency range - third overtone thickness - shear mode, at - cut, for operation over narrow temperature ranges temperature controlled - full assessment level

振蕩器用冷焊密封石英晶體振子詳細規范. dn dq和dp外殼17至75mhz頻率范圍.窄溫范圍

At. detail specification for cold welded seal quartz crystal units for oscillator applications - dn, dq and dp enclosures, 50 to 125 mhz frequency range - fifth overtone thickness - shear mode, at - cut, for operation over wide temperature ranges non - temperature controlled - full assessment level

振蕩器用冷焊密封石英晶體振子詳細規范. dn dq和dp外殼50至125mhz頻率規范.寬溫范圍

At. detail specification for cold welded seal quartz crystal units for oscillator applications - dn, dq and dp enclosures, 50 to 125 mhz frequency range - fifth overtone thickness - shear mode, at - cut, for operation over narrow temperature ranges temperature controlled - full assessment level

經質量評定的振蕩器用冷焊封石英晶體振子詳細規范. dn dq和dp外殼， 50至125mhz頻率規范.窄溫范圍

At. detail specification for cold welded seal quartz crystal units for oscillator applications - dn, 47 u 2, dq and dp enclosures, 17 to 75 mhz frequency range - third overtone thickness - shear mode, at - cut, for operation over wide temperature ranges non - temperature controlled - full assessment level

振蕩器用冷焊密封石英晶體振子詳細規范. dn 47u 2 dq和dp外殼17至75mhz頻率范圍.寬溫范圍

The current public prosecution mode in our country took shape from the past whole case - examine mode in the base of the thinking to get ride of the drawbacks in the past. in practice, it has not only become effective and cause out a lot of new defaults, for example, the definition of the main evidence is not clear, the transfer range of the case files is unclear and the stipulate of the examine consequence is not enough. in order to reform and perfect the current public prosecution mode, we should regard the theory of the public prosecution as guide, combine our country ' s conditions, on methodology jump out of the circle relatively drawing lessons from the past, on the procedural theory, change the idea that the forejudge caused from the substantive examination and clarify the objective fact the current public prosecution include the essential substantive examination, in practice regard legitimacy, rationality and flexibility as the principle of law enforcement before the law to revise, in legislation define the concept of the main evidence clearly, add the regulation to dispatch the examine judge and the trial judge, regulate the treatment methods after examination and revise some rules about the summary procedure

以公訴審查制度的訴訟理念為指導，結合我國的國情，對現行公訴審查模式的改革和完善，在方法論上跳出以往比較借鑒的圈子；在訴訟理念上改變過去庭審法官預斷必然緣于實體性審查的觀念，以澄清現行公訴審查模式包括必要的實體審的客觀事實；在實踐中以合法性、合理性和靈活性作為立法修改前的執法原則；在立法上明確界定主要證據的范圍是對證明犯罪是否成立起主要作用或有重要影響的證據，其中既包括有罪證據也包括無罪證據，增加規定公訴審查法官與正式庭審法官分立制度，補充規定對公訴審查后開庭審理之外的其它情況的處理方法以及對於人民法院在審理過程中發現不宜適用簡易程序的，取消原刑訴法應當按照一般公訴案件適用的普通審判程序重新審理的規定，改為由審理該案件的獨任審判員以外的審判員重新組成合議庭對該案件進行重新審理等。

Set out from the peculiar procedure value, function and purpose of the public prosecution, the construction of the concrete mode of this system should be followed the principles of judicial examination on the subject, and substantive examination on the range and the rules avoiding the forejudge, basing on fact and taking law as criterion, in order to accord with the legal spirit and procedural theory of the public prosecution

從公訴審查特有的訴訟價值、功能和目的出發，公訴審查制度具體模式的構建應當遵循審查主體上的司法審查原則、審查范圍上的以定罪為中心的實體審原則、排除庭審法官預斷的原則以及以事實為根據以法律為準繩的原則和及時審理原則等，以符合公訴審查制度所內涵的法律精神和訴訟理念。

A complementary input stage, which consists of a p - channel pair and a n - channel pair, was used in the circuit, so that the common mode input range can extend from rail to rail. a dcls is used to shift the n - transistor curve leftward to overlap the p - transistor curve properly and keep constant transconductance in the whole common mode input range

輸入級採用pmos差分輸入對和nmos輸入差分對並聯的結構，從而實現共模輸入范圍擴大到電源的正負兩端，並且通過兩個源級跟隨器平移nmos輸入管跨導曲線，使nmos輸入管和pmos輸入管跨導曲線的適當交疊，從而保持了這個輸入級的跨導在整個共模輸入范圍內保持恆定。

On account of the low q - factor and small tuning range of the p - n junction varactor, the inversion - mode mos varactor is used in the lc voltage controlled oscillator in this thesis. the simulation results show that the designed lc voltage controlled oscillator has 15 % tuning range

3 .由於lc壓控振蕩器中的pn結變容管品質因數低、調諧范圍小，本次設計的lc壓控振蕩器採用了強反型mos變容管，模擬結果表明，所設計的lc壓控振蕩器具有15 %調諧范圍。

Since the echo signals are partly received, this radar system has detected the target adopting the processing mode of blocking echo signal before and after, and the problems of the isolation between transmitter and receiver and blind range are solved

該體制雷達採用前後截斷回波信號處理方式，當接收部分回波信號后就對目標進行檢測，解決了收發隔離和盲距問題。

Find range computer technology, laser scanning, between pattern process and mode recognition technology apply plywood make, make manufacture of plywood feel relieved, have wooden xuan not to cut from log, the dryness, single - board have shorn and realized that melt and produce in succession, have improved producing the board rate of the labor productivity and log single - board greatly

將計算機技術激光測距掃描技術圖像處理和模式識別技術應用於膠合板製造，使膠合板的製造從原木定心上木鏇切乾燥到單板剪切實現了連續化生產，大大提高了勞動生產率和原木單板的出板率。

A data acquisition system with the following features is realized : ? transmission rate up to 100kbyte / s over usb ; ? system ' s dynamic range as high as 120 db ; ? multi - kind of trigger mode control ; ? sampling rate as high as 100 ksps ; ? 12 - bit a / d conversion accuracy ; ? 32k bytes on - board data memory ; ? the system, which was made up of large - scale electronic chips, is small, light and portable, and suitable for field use

本設計最終實現了一個瞬態信號數據採集系統，它具有以下特點： ?採用usb介面進行高速數據傳輸，傳輸速度達100kbyte / s ； ?採用浮點a / d轉換技術，動態范圍達120db ； ?多種采樣觸發控制方式； ?最高采樣率100ksps ； ? 12位采樣精度： ? 32kb數據緩存； ?使用新型大規模電子器件，系統結構緊湊，重量輕，適合野外作業。

The temperature range is - 30 ~ 80. the topology of the step - up dc / dc converters and its basic principle is first analyzed in this thesis. then based on the conventional pfm control scheme, a discrete pulse frequency modulation is presented and the state space average model related to the ccm ( continue current mode ) and dcm is established

然後在傳統的脈沖頻率調制方式的基礎上，分析了一種離散脈沖頻率調制方式，並建立了這種調制方式下升壓型dc / dc變換器在電流連續（ ccm ）工作模式和電流斷續（ dcm ）工作模式的狀態空間平均模型。

A chirp scaling algorithm for airborne bistatic sar is proposed, which is suitable for the flight configuration that transmitter and receiver follow parallel path with equal velocity in broadside looking mode. airborne bistatic sar echoed signal model of this particular flightpaths is derived. the model is converted into the range doppler space and is mapped from double range variables to single range variable domain

本文建立了這種特殊飛行模式下雙基地sar的回波信號模型，推導了它在距離多普勒域的表達式，解決了信號模型從雙距離變量域向單距離變量域轉化的問題，並推導了cs因子的線性近似表達式，分析了演算法中各種近似造成的誤差。

In the range of flight mach number mo = 3 ~ 7, in order to take the advantage of ramjet and scramjet, a fix - shaped dual - mode scramjet, in which both subsonic and supersonic combustion can be obtained, is used for hypersonic vehicle

在飛行馬赫數m _ = 3 - 7的范圍內，為充分發揮沖壓發動機的性能優勢，高超聲速飛行器採用了既能在亞聲速燃燒模態，又能在超聲速燃燒模態下工作的固定幾何形狀的雙模態沖壓發動機。

According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。

An assumption is verified that the multi - path arrival time differences calculated by ray model is almost the same as that by normal mode model if higher frequencies for the source are used ( e. g., frequencies range between 600hz and 1600hz ). hi other words, the calculation of the multi - path arrival time differences by ray model is reliable. 2

該方法的研究結果驗證了一個重要的假設：當信號頻率較高時（例如600hz 1600hz ） ，用聲線模型計算多途到達時延差與簡正波模型得到的結果基本一致，並且聲線模型計算多途到達時延差具有較高的可信度。