relation between cause and effect 中文意思是什麼

relation between cause and effect 解釋
因果關系
  • relation : n 1 說話，敘述，報告；故事。2 關系，聯系；〈pl 〉（利害）關系，交情；〈pl 〉國際關系。3 親戚關系...
  • between : adv 當中，中間。 two windows with a door between 兩扇窗戶當中有一扇門。 We could not see the moon...
  • cause : n 1 原因，起因；緣故，理由，根據，動機。2 【法律】訴訟事由；訴訟案件；訴訟程序。3 事業，事項，事...
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • effect : n 1 結果。2 效能，效果，效力，效應，作用，功效；影響。3 感觸，印象；外觀，現象。4 旨趣，意義。5 ...
  1. Realities of security viewpoints of defensive realism are : first, it admits international anarchy exists as a fact ; second, it admits security dilemma exists extensively, which cannot be eliminated thoroughly while can be mitigated in some degree ; third, it holds that international institutions can play positive role in security area ; fourth, cognitive factors have effects on nation ' s strategy ; fifth, defensive realism denies there is inevitable cause and effect relation between the rising of new great power and war, etc. at last, the paper states briefly the unreality of the defensive realism, and points out that hegemonic stability does not mean peace and security

    先簡述現實主義的共同核心假設，再對防禦性現實主義的安全觀的現實性進行歸納，即1 、對國際無政府狀態的認定； 2 、承認安全困境的廣泛存在且不能根除，但可以緩解； 3 、承認國際組織對安全的獲得有一定的作用； 4 、承認認知因素對國家戰略的作用； 5 、認為新大國的崛起與戰爭之間並無必然的因果關系等。最後指出，防禦性現實主義也具有非現實性，歷史事實和實證研究都表明，霸權穩定與和平之間沒有必然聯系。
  2. State is a rational agent, and is nearly the only one important agent in international politics ; second, security dilemma can not be eliminated thoroughly but can be mitigated to some extent ; third, hegemonic stability is one of conditions of peace ; fourth, military power and alignment are means to attain nation ' s goals ; fifth, international security cooperation is an necessary and important way of self - help as well as the balance of power ; sixth, the chief goal of state is security, not power ; seventh, state is concerned with not only relative gains but also absolute gains ; eighth, security is adequate in international system, and the optimal way to achieve security is to adopt a defensive strategy ; ninth, cognitive factors have important effects on nation ' s strategy ; tenth, there is no inevitable cause and effect relation between the rising of new great power and war, etc. section two : realities and unreality of the security viewpoints of defensive realism

    國家是一理性行為體，且幾乎是國際政治中唯一重要之行為體； 2 、安全困境廣泛存在且不可根除（盡管可通過一定的手段來緩解） ； 3 、霸權穩定是達至和平的一個條件； 4 、軍力和聯盟是達到國家目的的手段； 5 、安全合作是除均勢外國家自救的一個必要和重要的手段； 6 、國家的首要目的不是權力而是安全； 7 、國家既關心相對得失又關心絕對得失； 8 、國際體系中的安全是充足的，國家獲取安全的最佳途徑通常是採取防禦性的戰略； 9 、承認認知對國家戰略有著重要作用； 10 、新大國的崛起和戰爭之間沒有必然聯系等。第二部分利用史實較為詳盡的分析了防禦性現實主義安全觀的現實性。
  3. There is identity of relation between memory and the effect - producing cause, even when separated by species, time and place

    即使有物種、時間、空間的阻隔，由於同一體性之作用與記憶和習性形成關聯，果報得以持續。
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