runoff characteristics 中文意思是什麼
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Through the analyses of characteristics of gully thalweg and soil erosion in upland and gully land, sediment sources in small watershed, sediment yield relationship between upland and gully and ecological functions of vegetation corridor, it is considered that vegetation corridor combined with land preparation measures may block runoff and sediment from upland and reduce the amount of soil erosion in a watershed by 54. 5 % ~ 77. 0 %
摘要在分析黃土高原地區的溝沿線、溝沿線上下溝間地和溝谷地土壤侵蝕特徵、小流域泥沙來源、坡溝侵蝕產沙關系的基礎上，結合廊道的生態功能和以往的研究結果，認為在溝沿線的上部建立草灌與整地工程措施相結合的植物廊道，來攔蓄阻截溝間地的來水來沙，可使流域的土壤侵蝕量減少54 . 5 % ~ 77 . 0 % 。 -
Meanwhile, an artificial imitation rainfall system was developed in order to study the characteristics of city underlying surface and make experimental check up about the relative appraising index, on which 200 rainfall experiments are made, analyzing the effect of rainfall intensity to the runoff of underlying surface ; the relationship between runoff permeability and unit factor of rainfall intensity and duration ; the effect of rainfall intensity, duration, soil moisture content, and temperature to the runoff permeability ; the relationship between rainfall quantity and runoff permeability, and make mathematical imitation to the expe rimental results, to find the mutual - relationships, and make discussion about the differences between equations of fit
同時，為研究城市下墊面的產匯流特性研製了一套人工模擬降雨系統，並對相關評價指標進行了實測校驗。在此基礎上，進行了200多場降雨實驗，分析了雨強、歷時、土壤前期含水量、溫度、降雨量、不同下墊面和不同覆蓋度等對產匯流的影響，及各種因素對徑流系數的影響和相關性，建立了一定條件下歷時徑流系數，雨強徑流系數，流量徑流系數的函數模型。 -
When soil antecedent condition is dry and the initial rainfall intensity is high, peak surface runoff also considerably lag behind that of rainfall, because of the formation of temporary relative impermeable top layer ; b ) surface runoff is controlled primarily by infiltration - excess runoff mechanism under unsaturated condition ; the major fraction of surface runoff are dominated by saturated infiltration - excess runoff response, only a small fraction by return flow mechanism when soil is saturated ; c ) subsurface flow is dominated by saturated runoff mechanism, and the duration of subsurface post the rainfall end is dependent upon rather the soil properties than the rainfall characteristics ; d ) subsurface flow intensity in cultivated soil layer ( 0 ~ 20cm ) is high up to 35mm / h when rainfall intensity is up to 120mm / h, indicating the existing of macropores and pipe flow in cultivated layer
2 ）耕作制下紫色土的產流主要機制是： 1 ）當雨前土壤含水量未達到飽和狀態時，表面產流起始時間有明顯滯后現象，這與紫色土的快吸水性和較多非毛管孔隙密切相關；當雨前土壤較乾燥，降雨初期雨強較大時，易形成臨時相對不透水表層，表面產流峰也有明顯滯后現象。 2 ）表面徑流的產流方式主要是超滲產流，當土壤達到飽和狀態后，有四川大學博士學位論文小部分回歸流發生，但主要是飽和超滲產流發生，因為紫色土的相對不透水層和其它透水障礙層不明顯。 3 ）壤中流主要是飽和產流，與降雨過程有明顯的滯后，而且雨停后的壤中流產流歷時與降雨特徵無關。 -
Analysis on characteristics of storm runoff of east side of dianchi lake
滇池東岸暴雨徑流特徵分析 -
The paper starts with the reservoir sedimentation, operation mode and catchment runoff characteristics. the study comprises of distributing of runoff and sediment in the catchment, the influence and trend of sedimentation and water storage under different operation mode
課題研究主要從水庫淤積狀況、運用方式和流域徑流特徵分析入手，闡述了流域徑流、泥沙時段分佈，研究了不同運用方式下水庫沖淤的主要影響因素及變化趨勢，分析了不同運用方式時水庫淤積情況和攔蓄水量。 -
Analyze the hydrologic characteristics of tao river basin, the influence on the hydrology progress imposed by physiographic factors, and variation of the relationship between rainfall and runoff
分析研討了洮河流域的流域特徵、主要自然地理要素對水文的影響，以及降雨徑流要素的變化規律。 -
Based on the thoroughly analysis of the runoff formation characteristics in the cold zone and the roles of snow and frozen earth especially, the following phenomenon and processes are successful simulated, and a series results are obtained
冰雪和凍土的水文物理特性，及其對徑流形成過程的作用，是寒區流域產匯流的主要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面。 -
For this reason, our objective is the research of the mechanism of runoff generation and characteristics of moisture changing process of slope farming purple soil, accordding to the theory of hydrology and the intergrated - means of compined the hydrology with the peodology, because it is the basis of the studies : soil erosion and protection, farming - land water balance, non - point pollute, etc., and the direction gist of runoff arrange implement, solving water hazard and management of irrigation and fertilizer
綜觀國內外有關研究，我們認識到對紫色土土壤產流和水分變化特徵的認識，是認識該區土壤侵蝕與保護、農田水量平衡、非點源污染等的機理和規律的基礎，也是解決該區水患問題、實施徑流調節而提高旱地的雨水利用程度，以及水肥管理等的基本科學依據。因此，以水文學原理為基礎，採取水文學與土壤學、地理學、水土保持學等相結合的途徑，研究紫色土坡耕地的降雨產流機制與產流後土壤水分的變化特徵，是具有新的科學價值和現實意義的。 -
The parameter in the xin ' anjiang model, imp, was extracted directly from above land use / cover data. another parameter, sm, in each subcachment and in each raster grid was obtained from the relation between sm and the ratio of forest land area to subcatchment area. thus, a semi - distributed hydrological model and a distributed hydrological model were established to analyze the effect of some parameters in xin ' anjiang on runoff process according to the spatial variability of land surface characteristics
將遙感技術獲取的土地利用和地表覆蓋一公里柵格信息與數字高程模型數據進行空間配準，然後通過構建林地面積比與新安江模型參數sm的關系間接確定各子流域及各柵格單元的的sm值，新安江模型參數imp由配準好的土地利用和地表覆蓋信息直接提取，由此建立方案與方案，來分析受下墊面覆蓋的空間不均勻性影響的模型部分參數是如何對模擬水文過程產生影響的。 -
Discussion on characteristics of runoff and sediment with discharging capacity of hyperconcentration river reservoir - from the case of reinforcement of bajiazui reservoir
從巴家嘴水庫除險加固談來水來沙特性與多沙河流水庫泄流規模論證 -
The characteristics and output rules of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of rainfall runoff in farmland of typical plain river - net area were studied through the field survey and the fixed location monitoring of the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus
摘要通過對研究區降雨徑流中氮、磷濃度的野外實驗和定點監測，研究典型平原河網區的農田降雨徑流氮磷流失特徵及其輸出規律。 -
( 4 ) according to analysis of water resources characteristics of the dam system, following conclusions are obtained : amount of yearly available water resources of the dam system presents uncertainty ; water resources utilization by the dam system should focus on fully utilization of rainfall, runoff and flood ; meanwhile, water resources exploration of the dam system should reach the objective of maximum economic benefit in years ; a modeling system for water resources utilization and exploration by the dam system is established on the basis of reasonable investment and above objectives
對壩系水資源的特點進行了深入研究，得出以下結論：壩系水資源年可利用量具有較大的隨機性；開發利用壩系水資源就是充分利用降雨和徑流洪水；壩系水資源開發應以多年經濟效益總體期望值最大為目標。同時引入了最佳水資源投入量的概念，並建立了壩系水資源開發利用模型。 -
In this paper, the characteristics and tendency of annual runoff changes of wudinghe river, malianhe river and qingshuihe river are analyzed
河流徑流量在自然和人為因素的共同影響下而變化，變化特徵復雜，趨勢具有不確定性。 -
At last, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of rainfall and runoff - producing and flow concentration and taking the example of multiple - underlying surface of jing hua school area and stressed laboratory building materials of hydrology and environment of shann ' xi, and thus rainfall runoff amount in the cultural areas and roof underlying surface are calculated, and utilizing foreground of rainfall are analyzed
最後，在對降雨特性、下墊面產匯流特性分析的基礎上，以西安理工大學金花校區和陜西省水資源與環境重點實驗室屋頂為典型小區，簡單的計算分析了西安市文化區和屋頂下墊面的降雨徑流量。從量的角度分析了雨水利用前景。 -
The analysis on the change characteristics and driving forces of wudinghe river runoff
無定河年徑流量變化特徵及人為驅動力分析 -
According to the concept of available water supply, the calculation methods about available water supply of the large scale reservoir are studied and the concrete procedures of the long - series regulation method are proposed. through the calculation of the monthly natural runoff every year, water incomes under present engineering status, and the long - series dynamic water usage regulation of the 32 large scale reservoirs in shandong province, available water supply under assurance rates of 50 %, 75 % and 95 % are obtained. according to the analysis of runoff characteristics of each reservoir ( multi - year mean runoff depth and runoff coefficient ), the relationship between water supply incomes under different assurance rates for current year and the year of 2010, the reservoirs with water supply potence are given
根據對可供水量概念的理解，本文對大型水庫可供水量的計算方法進行了探討，提出了採用長系列調節計算的具體方法；通過對山東省32座大型水庫的歷年逐月天然徑流量、現狀工程情況下來水量、長系列變動用水的調節計算等多個步驟，得出了各水庫50 、 75 、 95三種保證率的可供水量計算成果，並對每個水庫的徑流特性（多年平均徑流深及徑流系數） 、全省大型水庫現狀年及2010年的不同保證率的可供水量與來水量的關系進行了分析與研究；分析提出了具有供水潛力的水庫。 -
Based on the longtime hydrological observation records during the years from 1956 to 1995, properties of precipitation of weihe basin in shaanxi province of different time scale ( including month, year and decade scale ) is analyzed by the method of contrasting properties, correspondingly change characteristics of runoff are also discussed by means of statistics, hence response relationship between runoff and precipitation is revealed, and the main reasons affecting amount of runoff are pointed out
摘要根據1956 - 1995年的實測水文資料（降水和河川徑流量資料） ，採用特徵值對比方法，對陜西省境內渭河流域不同時間尺度內降水特徵進行分析，並對流域內多年徑流變化也做了相應的統計分析，從而揭示河川徑流對降水變化的響應關系，並確定出河川徑流變化的主要原因。 -
On the basis of consulting a large number of literatures domestic and aboard, the present situation and latest development of hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow and slope erosion dynamic process were reviewed. aiming at revealing the effect of rainfall splash intensity on hydrodynamic features of sheet flow and slope erosion, with a combination of runoff experiment and simulated rainfall experiment with a fixed intensity, applying hydrodynamic and erosive theory, the effect of rainfall on overland flow velocity and the influence of rainfall splash intensity on hydrodynamic features ( such as velocity, flow depth, flow patterns, resistance ) of sheet flow on slope and the influence of rainfall splash intensity on the overland flow sediment contain was researched
本文在查閱了大量國內外文獻資料，全面了解了坡面流水動力學特性及坡面侵蝕動力過程等方面的研究現狀及最新進展的基礎上，以揭示雨滴打擊動能對坡面薄層水流水動力學特性及坡面侵蝕的影響為目標，採用水槽放水試驗和定雨強模擬試驗相結合的方法，運用水動力學與侵蝕理論，研究了降雨對坡面薄層水流流速的影響，雨滴打擊強度對坡面薄層水流流速、水深、流態、阻力等水動力學參數的影響，雨滴擊濺作用對坡面流泥沙含量的影響。 -
There are only researches about the slope loss ' s soil particle characteristics and the temporal process of hillslope agro - forestry compound system nutrient loss in the yangtze river watershed, and deficient to the mechanism and process parameters of hillslope sediment and nutrient loss of three gorges area, and there is not a preferable systematic prediction model of sediment runoff and nutrient loss also, let alone forming benefits evaluation model of hillslope harnessing measures
目前在長江流域僅有坡面流失土壤顆粒特徵和坡面農林復合系統養分流失時間過程的研究報道，而對三峽庫區坡面土壤泥沙及養分流失的機理及過程參數的獲得尚無報道，還沒有一個較系統的泥沙徑流及養分流失的預測預報模型，更談不上構成坡面治理措施的效益評價模型。 -
Runoff characteristics of cao ' e river and its effect on processes of the estuary
曹娥江徑流特性及其對河口沖淤的影響
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