估值下調 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gūzhíxiàdiào]
估值下調
英文
de-rating-
And then facing the problem of the channel estimation of the adaptive modulation system, we conclude out the channel estimation algorithms on maximum likelihood ( ml ) estimation and maximum a posteriori ( map ) estimation under the condition of flat fading channel and selective fading channel in detail. to meet flat fading channel, we simulate the relationship of the ratio between the error covariance in map estimation and ml estimation and pilot symbol message length. the conclusion can be drawn from these results
接著，對自適應調制系統中的通道估計問題難點，詳細推導了平衰落通道條件下和選擇性衰落通道條件下最大似然（ ml ）估計和最大后驗概率（ map ）估計演算法，針對平衰落通道，我們模擬了map估計和ml估計的方差與導頻符號長度的關系，模擬結果表明，錯誤方差受多譜勒頻率的變化影響最大，並且對實際的自適應調制系統，導頻符號長度的取值超過20個符號長度時， map通道估計明顯優于ml通道估計。Below this kind of circumstance, want to continue to retain insurance concern, policy - holder is when the cession of insurance mark, answer to inform an underwriter in time, so that the underwriter is right, the circumstance of the alienee of insurance mark undertakes investigating, the circumstance such as the safe common sense that understanding alienee has to the appraisal of the value of insurance mark and them and the safety precaution that take to the likelihood of insurance mark, whether to continue in order to decide accept insurance
在這種情況下，要繼續保持保險關系，投保人在保險標的轉讓時，就應及時通知保險人，以便保險人對保險標的受讓人的情況進行調查，了解受讓人對保險標的價值的估價以及他們具有的安全常識和對保險標的可能採取的安全措施等情況，以確定是否繼續承保。Under the fractal application, the transitional state rendering method based on t - fbm constraint model is proposed. in this model, the transitional deformation energy is defined as the bi - association between the initial state and the transitional fractal detail, and the fbm constraint is realized by the threshold statistical estimation. furthermore, the regional buffering control and regional harmonic control can offer more abundant and flexible control ways for the rendering of fractal transitional state
針對過渡狀態可視化的分形應用，提出了基於t一fbm約束的繪制方法，將過渡變形能作為與初始形狀和過渡分形細節之間的雙向關聯，以閉值估計一作為fbm約束因子的具體實現，以區域緩沖與區域調和作為不同約束下的控制手段，很好地在繪制結果中反映出分形性過渡特性的分佈情況。In chapter 3, we will estimate the first eigenvalue of laplacian from below on manifolds with a little negative curvature. in chapter 4, we will prove the existence of bounded nontrivial harmonic functions on some classes of complete manifolds which will generalize the results of s. y. cheng ' s
在第三章，我們將給出具有小負曲率的流形上laplace運算元的第一特徵值的下界估計；第四章，我們會給出一類完備非緊流形上非平凡的有界調和函數的存在性，推廣了s . y . cheng的結果。The second part consist of chapter four. in chapter one, we study the energy density of harmonic map from finsler manifold and generalize classical result in [ se ]. in chapter two, we obtain lower estimates for the first eigenvalue of the laplace operator on a compact finsler manifold, and it generalize lichnerowicz - obata theorem [ li ] [ ob ]. in chapter three, we derive the first and second variation formula for harmonic maps between finsler manifolds. as an application, some nonexistence theorems of nonconstant stable harmonic maps from a finsler manifold to a riemannian manifold are given
第一章討論finsler流形到黎曼流形調和映射的能量密度的間隙性，推廣了[ se ]中的結果。第二章對緊致finsler流形上laplace運算元的第一特徵值的下界作了估計，推廣了黎曼流形上的lichnerowicz - obata定理[ li ] [ ob ] 。We must think of three factors to make a best capital structure. first factor is margin tax shield, namely, the ratio of firm value ' s increment for liability and the increment of liability blow. second factor is finance crisis net lost that is bought in future. thirdly. we must make much of the market action and adjust capital structure
確定一個最優的資本結構主要考慮以下三個要素：第一，邊際稅盾，即由於負債導致企業價值增量與負債額的增量的比值，以邊際稅盾為零作為界點；第二，估計未來可能招致的財務危成本；第三，密切關注市場的反應，不斷調整資本結構。A new cumulant based algorithm of estimating signal to noise ratio ( snr ) and reference phase is proposed for likelihood ratio classification of mpsk signals, which is blind to unknown phase order of mpsk signals. the asymptotic statistic distribution characteristics of cumulant function estimation of mpsk signals are given
針對mpsk信號似然比分類中的參數估計問題，提出了在未知調制類型的前提下，基於累量分析的（對調制類型）盲的信噪比和參考相位估計演算法，並理論分析了累量函數估計值的漸進統計分佈特性。Business valuation based on modern economy is one of the most difficult and comprehensive professional work in asset appraisal, but also stands for the trend of the appraisal. as china implemented planned economy all the long in the past years, the concept of business value was proposed later than other advanced countries. the study on the theory and method of business valuation we made is relatively backward. all these lead to that we merely use cost method in practice. with the improvement of market economy, the validity of cost method is challenged. hunting for appraisal methods suitable for china circumstance has become more and more urgent. this thesis presents its own opinion on the adjustment of the basic frame of theory of business valuation. for the first time, it puts systems theory into the study of the theory base, and believes that the enterprise as a compound entity has higher efficiency than the sum of its constituent, and then proposes new appraisal assumption. aiming at the obscure understan ding, it analyses a group of conception related to business valuation. after giving a whole analysis and study, this thesis indicates the income approach which emphasizes earning - capacity of a enterprise should become the correct choice of china, and makes a further study on the origin - features and feasibility of this method
植根于現代經濟的企業價值評估是資產評估中綜合性最強，技術難度最高的業務之一，也是評估業未來的發展方向，由於我國過去長期實行計劃經濟體制，企業價值概念的提出和運用時間較晚，缺少現代經營理念的積累，企業價值評估的理論與方法的研究比較滯后。本文試圖以理性分析和案例分析相結合的方法，系統研究和分析企業價值評估的基礎理論及其現實條件下，適應我國經濟發展的評估方法，以期為構建有中國特色的企業價值評估理論和方法體系做一些有益的探索。文章以企業價值評估的基本概念為起點，在對眾多關于企業性質的學說和理論觀點進行概括抽象的基礎上，指出了整體性、持續經營和盈利性是企業的重要特徵，依據企業的整體性運用系統方法闡明了企業的價值大於組成企業的單項資產價值之和，據此提出了反映企業價值評估特點的有機組合增殖假設；依據盈利性的特點，強調了企業價值評估的核心應為企業的獲利能力，而不是組建企業的成本；對企業價值、企業價值評估含義、特點的論述以及對相關概念的辨析表明了作者的個人觀點和文章的基本定位，而從評估目的入手劃分的以產權變動為目的的企業價值評估和以財務決策為目的的企業價值評估與企業價值評估的假設、評估核心共同決定了評估方法的選用。Even in china, the world ' s fastest expanding economy, rogers said stocks were overvalued and could go down 30 - 40 percent
羅傑斯表示，盡管在中國這樣世界經濟膨脹速度最快的國家，它的股價估值過高，也將會向下調整30 - 40 % 。Firstly, the square sum of estimate error is only half of it " s original square sum of measurement data, the precision of result is highly enhanced. secondly, the precise estimate data takes place of bad data. thirdly, this method estimate some data that the power system needs but the measure system do not give
從估計結果來看，一是在不良數據不計在內的情況下，估計值的誤差平方和僅是原始測量數據誤差平方和的一半左右，在準確性上有較大的提高；二是用準確的估計值代替了不良數據；三是準確地估計出了一部分電網調度工作需要，而又沒有進行測量傳送的數據。The cyclic estimation approaches of chirp signals in additive nose or multiplicative noise are proposed, it presents a way for the parameters estimation of zero mean amplitude chirp signals. the estimation performances in the additive noise or multiplicative noise are analyzed by the first order perturbation analysis method, and the error variance expressions of the parameters estimation under large samples are derived
針對加性噪聲情況及存在乘性噪聲的情況，提出了線性調頻信號參數的循環平穩估計方法，解決了零均值乘性噪聲的信號參數估計問題，並採用一階擾動分析方法，對兩種噪聲情況下的估計性能進行了分析，推導出了各參數的估計誤差方差公式。With power market being continually boosted throughout the world, some problem on the reliability worth have received broad attention and active power correction strategy of power system hi reliability worth assessment has happened new changes that the process of power correction needs come down to a series of adjustment cost rather than conventional instruction action
隨著電力市場的不斷發展，可靠性價值有關問題得到廣泛關注，其評估中的有功安全校正策略出現了新的變化，市場環境下的有功安全校正過程需要涉及到一系列的調節費用而非傳統的指令性行為。The main logic as follows : ( 1 ) introduced acquisition theory, proprietary theory, integrated logic and strategic management theory as well as used them as proves of question analysis ; ( 2 ) introduced the frame of paper and analyzing methods ; ( 3 ) introduced the setting and process of hua yuan group acquisitioning full set equipment of shanghai ; ( 4 ) analyzed the case from effect of acquisition ; acquisition motivation included considering government policies and staff circumstances ; however respectively acquisitioned effect involved service, cost and culture ; ( 5 ) specified the faults and question of acquisition from the affects of value estimate, selection of investment strategy, construction of management system and integration of sources etc ; ( 6 ) - - projected the necessity of integration and specified the countermeasure and suggests of integration
文章邏輯大體如下： （ 1 ）介紹並購理論、產權理論、整合邏輯以及戰略管理理論作為問題分析的依據； （ 2 ）介紹文章的框架和分析的方法； （ 3 ）從筆者調研所了解的情況來介紹中國華源集團收購上海成套設備的背景和過程； （ 4 ）從並購動機和並購效應的事前和事後對比來對案例進行剖析；並購動機除了對兩個企業分別考慮外，還必須加入對政府政策和員工處境兩個方面的問題；而企業的並購效應則涉及業務、成本和文化三個方面； （ 5 ）主要從企業的價值評估、投資策略的選擇、管理體系構建和資源的整合等方面詳細地分析並購的失誤和問題； （ 6 ）提出整合的必要性和詳細地分析整合的對策和建議。The essential idea of self - tuning controllers described in this essay is as follows : according to the system dynamics to step variation, to define a performance index to evaluate the system response ; based on the monotonous relationship between the performance index and an intermediate pi gain parameter, this latter parameter is estimated with tuning approach in order to improve the performance index ; finally, pi gains are calculated and renewed according to the estimated intermediate, in order to improve the performance of system
本文所闡述的控制器增益自動校正理論的基本思想如下：按照系統對階躍信號變化的動態性能確定性能指標來估計系統的響應；基於性能指標和pi控制器增益參數中間值之間的單調關系，為提高性能指標，應用調節方法來估算pi增益參數中間值；最後按照估計的增益參數中間值更新pi控制器的增益以便改善系統的性能。The paper briefly reviews the use of rebate rules in validity tests of the contingent valuation method, a survey method widely used to estimate the value of natural resources under realistic, but hypothetical, conditions
本報告簡要回顧退還規則之應用在條例評估法的效度檢測，這是在真實但假設條件下，廣泛用來評估自然資源價值的一種調查方法。On tuesday it reduced that by sixteen percent to a little more than thirty - three million
周二的時候，他們將預期值下調了16個百分點，他們估計有33萬多人。分享友人