壟斷性競爭 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǒngduànxìngjìngzhēng]
壟斷性競爭 英文
monopolistic competition
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 競 : 動詞（競爭; 競賽） compete; contest; vie Ⅱ形容詞[書面語] （強勁） strong; powerful
  • 爭 : Ⅰ動詞1 （力求得到或達到; 爭奪） contend; vie; compete; struggle for; strive 2 （爭執; 爭論） argu...
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  • 競爭 : compete; vie; contend
  1. In reference to the practical changes in the deregulated markets of the advanced countries in the area of europe, america and asia and the countermeasures of the countries, combing with the problems encountered in the marketing and sales practice of the panzhihua brach of sinopec, the paper applies the swot analysis method, rationally analyzes the outside environment and inside conditions. according to the characterizes of gasoline resources, and the market situation after it transformed from the monopolistic style of planning economy to the monopolistic competition style, the paper also analyze the strengths and weakness of the industry brought by the forthcoming event of the permission of the wholesales market of gasoline. based on the above analysis, the paper posits the marketing strategic objectives and measures as follows : ensuring the management of suppliers, adding the retail and direct sales network, improving operating qualities, making the customer relationship management and realizing the multi - benefits of company and customers

    本文在營銷理論的基礎上，通過親身經歷，調查了解，深入研究了成品油在國際、國內市場中過去、現在的市場狀況和發展歷程，參考國際上歐美及亞洲發達國家先期放開成品油管制後市場的實際變化和應對措施，以及結合中石化攀枝花公司營銷工作中存在的問題，理性分析營銷外部環境和內部條件，運用swot分析法，根據成品油能源特點，就成品油市場從計劃經濟的壟斷形式轉向目前國際國內市場競爭的壟斷性競爭的形式后，對成品油批發市場即將準入后的優劣、利弊進行了分析和研究，提出了「作好供應商管理，增加零售和直銷網路、提高經營質量，充分做好客戶關系管理，實現公司和客戶共同成長」的營銷戰略目標和戰略措施。
  2. The repeatability of usage and sale, the infinitude degression of average cost and the market framework where competition and monopolization are both strengthened, are changing or will change the laws of the traditional economy

    信息產品銷售和使用的可重復性，平均成本遞減的無限趨勢，壟斷與競爭的雙向極端強化型市場結構等等，都正在或將要改變傳統的經濟運行規則。
  3. Behind this battle lies another one, in which the cme ' s competitors are fighting to persuade trustbusters that its bid, if successful, would create a monopolistic monster, whereas the exchange insists that the deal is about staying ahead of the pack, not price - gouging

    在這場較量後面隱藏著另外一個斗爭，芝加哥商業交易所的競爭者正極力勸說反托拉斯者，如果這個投標取得成功，它會產生一個壟斷性的巨型公司，然而，芝加哥商業交易所堅持認為，這個交易是和領先行業競爭隊伍有關，而不是哄抬價格。
  4. This unique and monopolistic advantage ensures the favorable position and profit potential of rccs in rural financial markets

    正是這一獨特的帶有壟斷性的競爭優勢，保證了農村信用社在農村金融市場上的有利地位和盈利潛力。
  5. Farmers cannot get the good seed which has high yield, high quality, high resistance. as socialist market economy is tending toward perfection, especially 《 plant new variety protection 》, 《 seed law 》 those polities are coming on, and foreign large seed companies are joining in after china enter wto in fear of the coming of our country ’ s agriculture protection period. therefore, the general adoption of the market principle of china ’ s seed industry speed up, and the challenge between seed companies become hot

    傳統種子業是由自給自足的非商品化產業過渡到計劃經濟體制下政府壟斷性的行業，此時期，新品種及配套的新技術得不到很好的應用，行業市場集中程度很低，農民（用戶）很大程度上得不到高產、優質、高抗的良種，隨著社會主義市場經濟的不斷完善成熟，特別是《植物新品種保護條例》 、 《種子法》等政策、法規的相繼出臺實施，更為重要的是中國加入wto后對我國農業保護期限的即將到來，國外種業巨頭伺機紛紛進入，加速了中國種子產業的市場化進程，種業企業的競爭日益加劇，同時為中國種子產業的規模化、產業化經營帶來了更多的機遇。
  6. Based on it, a brief conclusion on the growth and investment characters of monopoly industry, competitive industry and high - tech industry is made in this paper

    在此基礎上，對壟斷性產業、競爭性產業、高技術產業的成長與投融資特性作了簡要歸納。
  7. Yet intellectual property ' s legal monopolization is a decisive factor of franchisor ' s right in restricting franchisee ' s activities in their contract to some extent. at the same time, franchise also involves three parties of franchisor, franchisee, and other relevant competitors and includes competitive relation in terms of the horizontal and vertical levels. besides, a franchisor tends to use his advantages to abuse his rights, restricting competition against the anti - monopoly law such as tied selling, resale price maintenance and regional restrictions, when he signs a contract with a franchisor

    因為特許經營與壟斷專營有相似之處，在特許經營中，特許人（或稱特許權人）通過特許經營合同將其所擁有的商標、商號、專利或專有技術等使用權授予被特許人，這就涉及到知識產權、產品銷售權、技術技巧等的轉讓，而知識產權本身的合法壟斷性質決定了特許人在特許經營合同中有權對被特許人的活動進行一定的限制；同時，特許經營又涉及特許人、被特許人和其他相關競爭者，包含橫向、縱向兩個層次的競爭關系，特許人與被特許人簽訂特許經營合同時，極有可能利用其優勢地位濫用特許權，做出搭售、維持轉售價格、區域限制等與反壟斷法相抵觸的限制競爭行為。
  8. Besides, the electric power industry is a special industry, and some of its important sectors are in natural monopoly because of the characteristic of the network, which determines the government must supervise the electric power industry on price, entry, service and etc. because of the gradualness of the electric power reform and the limit of the inertia of original plan economy system, the new - type electric power supervisory system that meets the requirement of the market economy at present has not been set up yet in our country

    電力產業又是一個特殊的行業，它的一些重要環節因網路特徵明顯而具有自然壟斷性，這決定了政府必須對電力產業進行監管。盡管經歷了20多年開放和引入競爭的電力體制改革實踐，並於2003年3月成了國家電力監管委員會，但由於受電力體制改革的漸進性以及原有計劃經濟體制慣性的限制，監管改革進度緩慢，監管機構、監管職能、監管方式改進尚不明朗，我國目前符合市場經濟要求的新型電力監管體系尚未真正建立。
  9. Xinyu group added some establishments and improved management in new projects by the discover and investigation. using contrast and case analysis, social investigate, statistic research methods, this paper draw some conclusions, those conclusions are that the academy logistics organization monopolized the academy logistics market, that education welfare restricted income of apartment investment, and so on. so academy logistics originations maybe develop some payable services by the characters of undergraduate improve the benefits of apartment project

    本文採用對比研究和案例研究、社會調查與數理統計相結合、邏輯推導與實證研究相配合的研究方法，從調查和案例研究得出：高校後勤社會化機構具有一定能的壟斷性，並沒有受到真正的競爭；公寓投資收益與教育福利是相互約束的，進而對投資主體的投資回報產生直接影響；大學生接受公寓住宿是消費非理性的，或者消費非自主的。
  10. They confirm the idea that there are 21 kinds of industry that need to be adjusted, including metallurgy, automobiles, large equipment, trade etc, and the merger has been complemented in 36 enterprises

    然而，我們認為，這種干預會產生規模不經濟，同時加速壟斷性的市場結構的產生，甚至使企業缺失技術研發的動力從而降低國有企業的國際競爭力。
  11. Under the development goal of " separate the produce and network, competition for the market ", it should be pay close attention to how to investment and financing because of many - years reform of our country " s electric power industry, there have many kinds of financing way already, which has promoted the development of electric power industry greatly

    在「廠網分開，競爭上網」發展模式下，對不具有壟斷性的電力的生產要採取市場化的融資運作，而對于電網，由於具有網路經濟的特性，其投融資則要繼續管制。我國電力產業由於多年的改革，已存在多種融資方式，這些融資方式極大地促進了電力產業的發展。
  12. Being on the initial stage of market economy, our country ’ s the price system reform isn ’ t thorough and perfect. the illegal price phenomenon is still serious in the nature monopoly profession and the competitive one. due to lacking the sound background, the development of price law system is also not so smooth going

    我國正處於市場經濟初級階段，缺乏深厚的實踐土壤，價格體制的改革並不徹底和完善，價格違法問題在自然壟斷性行業和競爭性行業中依然嚴重，價格規製法律的發展也不順利。
  13. The re - regulation involves two different subjects : one is to re - regulate the institution itself ; another one is to perfect the contents system, but to achieve this point, four aspects should be included : ( 1 ) incentive regulation under conditions of remnant natural monopoly. ( 2 ) regulation on the intersection between natural monopoly and competition and under the transition from natural monopoly to competition : asymmetric regulation ( 3 ) perfection of the anti - monopoly regulation after fulfilling the adequate competition ( 4 ) social regulation in addition to the economic regulation

    規制重建涉及到兩方面的內容：一是規制機構本身的重建，二是規制內容體系的完善，而要建立完善的內容體系，應包括四個方面： （ 1 ）對殘存的自然壟斷領域實施激勵性規制； （ 2 ）對自然壟斷與競爭的界面或在從自然壟斷向充分競爭過渡中實現以保護有效競爭為目的的規制，本文提出具有過渡性質的「不對稱規制」 ； （ 3 ）在充分競爭實現后健全反壟斷規制； （ 4 ）在推行上述經濟性規制的同時，完善社會性規制。
  14. Bocom has achieved six “ firsts ” in china ' s banking reform and development : the first to implement shareholding system for its capital and mode of ownership form ; the first to command an organizational structure based on market rules and cost / return rules ; the first to introduce competition into the banking industry in china ; the first to introduce assets / liability ratio management and apply it for regulating business operations and risk ; the first to build new bank / enterprise relationships based on two - way selection ; and the first commercial bank to integrate banking, insurance and securities businesses

    交通銀行在中國金融業的改革發展中實現了六個「第一」 ，即第一家資本來源和產權形式實行股份制；第一家按市場原則和成本效益原則設置機構；第一家打破金融行業業務范圍壟斷，將競爭機制引入金融領域；第一家引進資產負債比例管理，並以此規范業務運作，防範經營風險；第一家建立雙向選擇的新型銀企關系；第一家可以從事銀行、保險、證券業務的綜合性商業銀行。
  15. In line with the successful experience of foreign regulation reform and the status quo of china ' s telecom industry, china ' s telecom regulation reform should : first distinguish monopoly operations from non - monopoly operations according to the demands of the development of natural monopoly industry ; second construct impartial domestic environment for competition, and third enhance the international competitiveness of chinas telecom enterprises

    借鑒國外電信業在以上方面改革的成功經驗並結合我國經濟轉軌過程中電信業的實際情況，我國電信業規制改革應遵循如下改革思路： （ 1 ）按照自然壟斷產業發展的要求，區分自然壟斷性業務與非自然壟斷業務； （ 2 ）努力創造一個公平的國內競爭環境； （ 3 ）著力提高電信企業的國際競爭力。
  16. But to day, china ' s social market economy has been making steady progress and has been consummating itself day by day, china had been more open to the world after it enter the wto ; the natural monopolization of domestic electric power industry has gradually been broken, electric power market booms, electric power diversified - managing companies, which are hypo genetic from the very beginning, has emerged many internal problems such as the indistinct property right., the unscientific section right frame, the invalid incentive system, the low production or service level, and the lack of competitive ability, and so on. if these problems were not solved properly, it will have much negative impact on not only the continuous development of electric power, but also the reform and development of the whole nation ' s electric power industry

    但是，隨著我國社會主義市場經濟的進一步發展和完善，中國加入wto帶來國門的進一步打開；全國電力工業經營管理體制的自然壟斷性逐步被打破，電力市場化日趨明顯；電力多種經營企業這個先天發育不足群體，其內部的諸多問題如產權不明晰、股權結構不合理、治理結構不科學、激勵機制失效、產品（服務）檔次低下、缺乏市場競爭力等日漸顯現，這些問題如果不解決好，將不僅嚴重影響電力多種經營企業的持續發展，而且還將嚴重影響全國電力工業的改革和發展。
  17. We should not underestimate the effects of outside competition and also should strengthen supervision and management from the government. with regards to the railway management model, this paper figures that, considering the reality of our transportation systems, we can choose a mixed model named " separation of infrastructure from operation + regional companies " and at the same time, we should effectively deal with the matter of ' way access authority "

    關于鐵路運價政策的問題，本文分析了鐵路的壟斷性對運價的影響，認為，放開鐵路運價后鐵路形成壟斷價格的可能性不大，因此不會導致鐵路運價的上漲;分析了鐵路運價的機理，闡述了運能對運價影響的間接性和不確定性，運量對鐵路運價影響的直接性、周期性和雙向性，競爭對運價影響的抑制性和不平衡性。
  18. The author of this article points that nonnatural monopoly operation should be separated from natural monopoly and deregulated. competition is the most suitable way of it. in order to realize the imagination, our country should reform the system and come out the separation of government from business

    文章指出，對自然壟斷產業中的非自然壟斷性業務應放鬆規制，引入競爭，但前提必須是對其進行體制改革，以使其政企分開，同時進行配套一體化改革，完善立法支持、避免過度競爭。
  19. The dissertation, transition economy as background, describes full - scale analysis on constructing chinese natural monopoly industry effective market and put forward the boundary of market and government, market and corporation, monopoly and competition model. the dissertation analyses concealed administration monopoly ’ s character and its hazard, and considers that the most important reason which leads to the chinese natural monopoly industry ’ s short of efficiency is that scale economy is short of character and efficiency, scope economy isn ’ t realized, inefficiency non - regulation equilibrium coexists with regulation equilibrium and the dilemma of state - owned corporation. the dissertation puts forward the vertical configuration principal in the regulation structure and deems that natural monopoly industry ’ s regulation vertical configuration should

    論文以轉型經濟為背景，對中國自然壟斷產業有效市場建設進行了較為全面的分析，比較和描述了市場條件下與轉型期存在顯著差別的市場與政府、市場與企業、壟斷與競爭的邊界模型，界定和分析了隱性行政壟斷的特徵及其危害性，認為導致中國自然壟斷產業市場低效的基礎性原因是規模經濟特徵和規模經濟效率的雙重不足，范圍經濟沒有實現，無效率的非均衡規制和均衡規制並存，以及國有企業的困境。
  20. Monopolistic compition is evidently a different thing from either pure monopoly or pure competition. as far monopoly, as ordinarily conceived and defined, monopolisti competiton embraces it and takes it as a starting point

    壟斷性的競爭不同於純粹的壟斷，也不同於純粹的競爭，正如人們所認為壟斷性競爭包括壟斷在內，並把它當作出發點。
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