實測徑流 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shícèjìngliú]
實測徑流 英文
measured runoff
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 測 : 動詞1. （測量） survey; fathom; measure 2. （測度; 推測） conjecture; infer
  • 徑 : Ⅰ名詞1 （狹窄的道路; 小路） footpath; path; track 2 （達到目的的方法） way; means 3 （直徑的簡稱...
  • 流 : Ⅰ動1 （液體移動; 流動） flow 2 （移動不定） drift; move; wander 3 （流傳; 傳播） spread 4 （向壞...
  1. In consideration of the crises of both the industrial water and the domestic water in the estuarial areas of the yangtze river caused by the decrease of the channel runoff and the intrusion of the sea water during the dry season in dry year, the concept, method and planning framework of the water resources allocation for the areas mentioned above along the main stem of the river are put forward herein based on the preliminary prediction of the future water demands by taking the water resources allocation therein during the dry seasons as the actual case in combination with the status quo of the water environment and water resources utilization concerned

    摘要針對枯水年枯水季，因河道徑流量較少，鹽水入侵的頻率和強度顯著提高而引起的長江河口沿岸地區生產生活用水安全，文中結合長江口地區水資源利用和水環境現狀，以大通以下長江幹流地區在枯水季水量分配為實例，在初步預測未來河口地區水資源需求的基礎上，提出長江口地區水資源配置的思路、方法及方案框架。
  2. Based on the observed runoff data, more accurate designed flow to a culvert or a small bridge may be obtained by curve fitting on frequency curve of pearson type iii distribution

    精度較高的橋涵水文設計是基於所在地實測的徑流資料，採用頻率曲線的適線法獲得。
  3. ( 6 ) according to the relation of pressure and discharge of different orifice aperture from the experiments. the largest available length of lateral pipes was calculated, and the combined method of varied orifice aperture and equal discharge in lateral line was discussed

    （ 5 ）根據實測的不同孔徑的壓力流量關系，計算了允許最大毛管長度，並在理論上對變孔徑等流量毛管組合方法進行了探索。
  4. Firstly established plural linear regression model to estimate the river runoff uninfluenced by human. compare with the record of hydrology examinition stations, then analyze the influence degree of human factors, namely the diference of the two river runoff account

    通過多元回歸方程預測自然狀態下陜甘寧地區河川年徑流量，對比實測徑流量來分析人為因素對徑流量的影響程度。
  5. Meanwhile, an artificial imitation rainfall system was developed in order to study the characteristics of city underlying surface and make experimental check up about the relative appraising index, on which 200 rainfall experiments are made, analyzing the effect of rainfall intensity to the runoff of underlying surface ; the relationship between runoff permeability and unit factor of rainfall intensity and duration ; the effect of rainfall intensity, duration, soil moisture content, and temperature to the runoff permeability ; the relationship between rainfall quantity and runoff permeability, and make mathematical imitation to the expe rimental results, to find the mutual - relationships, and make discussion about the differences between equations of fit

    同時，為研究城市下墊面的產匯流特性研製了一套人工模擬降雨系統，並對相關評價指標進行了實測校驗。在此基礎上，進行了200多場降雨實驗，分析了雨強、歷時、土壤前期含水量、溫度、降雨量、不同下墊面和不同覆蓋度等對產匯流的影響，及各種因素對徑流系數的影響和相關性，建立了一定條件下歷時徑流系數，雨強徑流系數，流量徑流系數的函數模型。
  6. In this thesis hydraulic experimental studies and theoretical analyses on the vortex - flow drop shaft were conduced and the following results were accomplished : ( 1 ) in the model test some hydraulic characteristics including the shape of air core in the center of the drop shaft, the radial distribution of water flow velocity and the distribution of pressure on the wall of the drop shaft were measured under the condition of high water head above 250m and large discharge above 1400m3 / s. ( 2 ) a kind of computational method for the spiral water flow in the air core region of drop shaft was discussed and applied and the results agree the experimental data well. ( 3 ) the total ratio of energy dissipation in the drop shaft can reach 90 % and the energy dissipation in every region was discussed quantitatively

    本文通過試驗研究與理論分析對旋流式豎井泄洪洞應用於高水頭、大泄流量情況時存在的一些水力學問題進行了研究和探討，取得以下主要成果：一、結合小灣工程導流洞改建，對高水頭（ 252m ） 、大泄流量（ 1400m ~ 3 s ）條件下旋流式豎井中的水流運動特徵進行了比較全面的測量，包括空腔形態、徑向流速分佈及井壁壓強等；二、提出了豎井空腔段螺旋水流水力計算方法，其計算結果與實測值吻合良好；三、利用試驗與計算結果，對旋流式豎井的消能機理進行了探討，對豎井各部分的消能能力有了總體認識；四、對豎井下部消力井的合理井深進行了優化試驗研究，發現消力井合理深度為0 . 9d左右；五、通過試驗研究，歸納出豎井水流總摻氣量估算方法，為導流洞排氣方案的設計提供了參考依據；六、在高水頭、大流量條件下，豎井空腔段下部流速很高，盡管水流螺旋運動引起的離心力可以確保井壁壓強保持正壓，但空化數依然較低，因此豎井的空化空蝕始終是工程界關注的重大問題。
  7. By performing fourier transformation, the relationship between the turbulent intensity of the particle and that of the carrier fluid was obtained which makes clear that particle size, specific gravity, velocity gradient, and the characteristic frequency of energy - containing eddies are four basic influencing parameters. it is proven theoretically that under certain conditions, the stream - wise and transverse particle turbulent intensities exceed those of the carrier fluid. based on the equations of two - phase flow, the presence of fine sediment suspension is shown to attenuate the turbulent intensity of the water

    通過對細小顆粒在剪切流場中運動方程的fourier分析，得到了顆粒脈動強度和流體脈動強度之間的定量關系，表明顆粒粒徑、顆粒密度、流速梯度以及紊動場含能旋渦的特徵頻率是影響顆粒脈動強度的主要因素，首次從理論上證明了在一定條件下，顆粒在縱、垂向的脈動強度均會超過相應的流體脈動強度，為已有的實測資料提供了合理的解釋。
  8. To this area precipitation materials for many years, evaporate materials, surface flow materials, hydrometeorological materials, hydrogeological materials carry on exhaustive analysis, have analysed the state of water resource of the sand district, proceed from the heat of the earth ' s surface is balanced, water yield balanced basic theories, combine the amount of regional water resource set up of the materials, such as scene, hydrology, soil of the sand district, etc. and estimate models, have calculated the surface water, groundwater of this area, has carried on models to examine according to the real data, and has predicted to the state of water resource under different climate change scenes of future that analyse. have put forward the scheme that the water resource in this area utilized rationally, use the non - linear motive force model to predict the precipitation, utilize the materials of actual observation, the natural supply amount of calculating out groundwater of sand ground of balanced principle of the amount of water used at the same time, and can exploiting amount predict to groundwater, district of sand,

    本文以寧夏半乾旱地區鹽池縣沙地水資源為研究對象，對該地區多年降水資料、蒸發資料、徑流資料、水文氣象資料、水文地質資料進行了詳盡的分析，分析了沙區的水資源狀況，從地表熱量平衡、水量平衡的基本理論出發，結合沙區的氣象、水文、土壤等資料建立了區域水資源量估算模型，計算了該地區的地表水、地下水，根據實際資料進行了模型檢驗，並對未來不同氣候變化情景下的水資源狀況進行了預測分析，提出了該地區水資源合理利用的方案，運用非線性動力模型對降水量進行預測，同時利用實際觀測資料，運用水量平衡原理計算出沙地地下水的天然補給量，並對沙區地下水可開采量進行預測。
  9. Aiming at the study actuality of fan performance monitoring system and analysis of fan performance curve changes affected by inlet - box and the different fixed - angles of guide blades in the course of installation, a fan flow monitoring model based on rbfnn in whole flow zone was established in this thesis. in the model, the method of no throttle and fan performance curve were used as basis. and on the basis of that model, fan performance curves of 4 - 73no. 8d were approached with experimental data of different speed, different opening - angles of guide blade and different resistance of pipeline, the precision and the error law of model were studied

    本文針對電站風機性能監測系統研究較少的現狀，在實驗的基礎上分析了現場加裝進氣箱和由於安裝造成的導流器葉片開度不一致對風機性能曲線的影響，並在此基礎上採用無節流方法測量流量，以風機調節性能曲線為依據，建立了基於徑向基函數（ rbf ）神經網路的風機流量全程監測模型；以實驗室4 - 73no . 8d離心風機為研究對象，探討了rbf神經網路差壓模型在變轉速、變導流器開度和變管網阻力等工況下的應用精度和誤差分佈規律；最後用visualc + +語言開發了風機性能在線監測系統。
  10. In order to eliminate the hidden trouble caused by storm runoff erosion, the mechanism of the storm runoff erosion on the slope surface of the yellow river dykes has been studied in this thesis. through the simulation rainfall experiments and field observations, the formation mechanism of storm runoff scouring, rills and sockets have been opened up. meanwhile the possible control measures have been suggested

    為了防治黃河大堤由於暴雨徑流沖刷造成的不安全隱患，本文針對黃河大堤上的暴雨徑流侵蝕進行了實地設站觀測及室內模擬降雨侵蝕試驗，通過揭示大堤暴雨沖刷過程機理，查清水溝、水穴（浪窩）等的成因，提出相應的防治對策。
  11. Thirdly, the mathematics model of forecasting low flow was established in fengcong and fenglin regions according to these factors influencing the amount of low flow in karst drainage ( the area of drainage, lithology, the type of landforms and its special assembly and forest ) the conception of low water resources carrying capacity was first put forward according to the changing law of low water resources in space and the situation of exploitation and utilization in karst drainage ( ie, under the condition of the virtuous ecological environment and the available technology, the explorable amount of water resources in certain areas is capacity and limitation which is able to coordinate the development of population, enviroment and economy during the period of low flow seasons ) and preliminarily analyzed its connotation, characteristic and established the index system of low flow in karst drainage

    三是根據影響喀斯特流域枯水徑流的下墊面因素（空間尺度、巖性、地貌類型、植被） ，分別對峰叢和峰林等喀斯特地區建立枯水徑流預測模型。根據喀斯特流域枯水資源的空間變化規律以及實際開發利用狀況，首次提出了枯水資源承載力的概念，即在枯水季節期間，保持良性的生態環境和現有的技術條件下，某一區域內可開採的水資源量對支持該地區人口、經濟與環境協調發展的能力和限度。並初步分析了枯水資源承載力的內涵、特性，從水資源的供需方面確立了喀斯特流域枯水資源承載力的指標體系。
  12. The paper studies on two different vegetation type areas in jingyun mountain in chongqing city, which are broadleaved forests ( gordinya svchuanensvs ) and bamboo ( phyllostachys edulis ) forests. by contrasting the surface runoff and underground runoff in these two areas, the results showed that, with the same precipitation, the gross amount of runoff in bamboo forests was larger than that in broadleaved forests and the runoff in bamboo forests appeared before that in broadleaved forests. the amount of underground runoff was larger than that of surface runoff in the two areas, the process of surface runoff was in accordance with that of underground runoff

    該文以重慶市縉雲山的兩個不同植被類型常綠闊葉林（四川大頭茶）和楠竹林小區為研究對象，對小區中典型降雨後的地表徑流、地下徑流的實測資料進行對比分析.結果發現在相同降雨條件下，楠竹林的地表徑流量與地下徑流量明顯要比常綠闊葉林的大，楠竹林地表徑流和地下徑流出現的時間也比常綠闊葉林早;兩種植被的地表徑流與地下徑流過程具有一定的相似性，地下徑流量都比地表徑流量大
  13. Next, we will apply this new versioned clm to a river basin at xixian station in the huaihe river basin. xixian station is a hydrological observation station, which covers 10190 km2. we use 11 - year from janu - ary 1980 to december 1990 observed meteorological data and runoff data including surface runoff and subsurface runoff to validate the reliability of this new subsurface model, and furthermore a quasi - steady subsurface runoff model 13, 31 bqas and dsitqsdt is also applied to this region to perform a comparison simulation

    利用包含上述地下徑流機制的clm應用到實際的流域中，選取淮河流域的息縣站所控制的流域作為實驗區域圖4 .息縣站是淮河流域的一個水文觀測站，控制面積為10190 km2 ，利用該區域11年1980年1月到1990年12月的降水氣溫等氣象資料以及徑流包括地表徑流和地下徑流資料來驗證所建立的模型的可靠性
  14. It is verified by the observed data of xianing port area in changsha city that the model is of high accuracy, with the greatest relative error of the peak flow of only 7. 85 %, thus can be used in runoff simulation of harbor rainfall drainage system

    經長沙市霞凝港區的實測資料檢驗，證明該模型在港區小流域的雨洪分析中有較高的精度，洪峰流量最大相對誤差僅為7 . 85 % ，可用於港區雨水排水的徑流模擬。
  15. The process of effluent flow during loading in self - propelled trailing suction hopper dredgers was simulated by way of physical modeling and was measured and analyzed by using the flow rate and concentration of spoil in the hoppers, particle sizes of sediments at the inlet and outlet of the effluent flow pipe and hopper volume as the major control parameters

    摘要通過物理模型試驗模擬自航耙吸挖泥船裝艙溢流施工過程，以艙內流速、艙內濃度、溢流進出口泥沙粒徑、裝艙量幾方面為主要控制因素，進行實測、分析，並比較自航耙4種常用裝艙裝置的消能效果。
  16. Based on the analysis of the data and information from the field observations and lab experiments, the results were as follows : ( 1 ) the results of the simulated rainfall and runoff erosion experiments in lab. under the design experiment conditions including the constant rainfall intensities of 1. 0, 2. 0, 3. 0mm / min and the rainfall durations of 30, 70 minutes and with soil moisture content 9. 5 % or 10. 0 % for dry situation, as well as with the soil moisture content 19. 0 % or 20. 0 % for wet situation, the soil erosion increased nonlinearly with the rainfall intensity, and the rainfall duration. the results of the experiments indicated that the amount of soil erosion caused by the simulated rainfall and runoff on the dry - soil slope was more than that on the wet - soil slope

    通過實地觀測及室內試驗資料分析，得到如下研究成果： 1 、室內模擬降雨徑流對戧坡的侵蝕試驗研究結果在定雨強為1 . 0 、 2 . 0 、 3 . 0mm min ，降雨歷時30 、 70分鐘，干土含水量為9 . 5 10 . 0 ，濕土含水量為19 . 0 20 . 0的條件下，侵蝕量與雨強成非線性正比關系；雨強大，侵蝕量大；降雨歷時長，侵蝕量也大；堤坡含水量大時，侵蝕量小，堤坡含水量小時侵蝕量大。
  17. The real runoff time series was divided into the high frequency item and the low frequency item with the help of the wavelet analysis first, then the two items were modeled by chaos theory and the stepwise regression algorithm, at last the output of the two models were added together.

    論文首先藉助小波分析，將實測徑流時間序列分解為高頻項和低頻項兩項，其次對這兩項分別用混沌理論和逐步回歸理論建模，其中混沌預報藉助基於自組織法求解的的volterra級數來完成，然後將兩者結果疊加起來。
  18. According to the established model of decomposition - coordination for group hydropower station, the optimal cooperating operation study is utilized to the hydropower stations of shiquan and xihe river. simulative operation of optimal cooperation in series of runoff data measured of 44 years is performed

    根據建立的水電站群優化調度分解協調模型，對石泉、喜河水電站進行聯合優化調度研究，以44年實測徑流系列資料進行長系列優化調度模擬運行。
  19. It is assumed that model parameters calibrated from measured precipitation - runoff data in a specific period, reflect the situation of land surface and the human activity in that period. firstly, daily data of precipitation, pan evaporation, and discharge in 1960 ' s are used to calibrate the parameters of the xin ' anjiang model. then the parameters calibrated are applied to the computation of daily discharge from 1950 ' s through 1990 ' s, in which daily measured data of precipitation and pan evaporation are taken as the input of the xin ' anjiang model

    這種徑流過程代表下墊面和人類活動水準不變情況下氣候波動對徑流的影響，然後利用計算的長系列徑流過程與實測徑流過程對照，其差別反映下墊面的自然變化過程是十分緩慢的，可以忽略，因此這種差別主要代表了人類活動的影響，從前後期率定水文模型所得參數的差別及參數所代表的物理意義來分析下墊面及人類活動的變化，從而將氣候波動和人類活動對地表水資源影響程度定量分解出來。
  20. The results show that flood variety should be the main aspect in the study of measured runoff variety of the yellow river upstream, drought ( or water interception ) study should be stressed in the study of natural runoff variety of measured and natural runoff variety the yellow river downstream

    結果認為，對黃河上游實測徑流變化的研究應以洪水的變化為主，對天然徑流變化的分析應以乾旱（斷流）為重點；而對黃河下游實測徑流變化及天然徑流的研究均應以乾旱（斷流）為主。
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