換新成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [huànxīnchéngběn]
換新成本 英文
renewal cost
  • 換 : 動詞1. （給人東西同時從他那裡取得別的東西） exchange; barter; trade 2. （變換; 更換） change 3. （兌換） exchange; cash
  • 新 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （剛出現的或剛經驗到的） new; fresh; novel; up to date 2 （沒有用過的） unused; new 3 （...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 換新 : change for new; renew; kainogenesis
  1. In recent years, plentiful and substantial fruits achieved by the lb method in simulations of hydraulics, multiphase flows, flows in porous media and heat transfer as well as magnetohydrodynamics, have revealed a broad perspective of application of this method, it will become a powerful competitor to the conventional approaches. in order to absorb the recent achievement in theory and application of the lb method, explore new ways in hydraulic computation to promote the development of practice, some work is car ried out in this thesis, as following : advances in the theory research and application, deductive process of the d2q9 model and some other commonly used models of the lb method are summarized. based on the hydrodynamic and general boundary conditions, a new joint boundary condition is presented, it integrates advantage of the two conditions above and obtains very good results in dealing with all kinds of boundaries of flow fields

    為了消化和吸收近年來lb方法在理論和應用方面的新成果，探索在水力計算方面的新途徑以促進lb方法實用化的發展，本文進行了下列研究工作：綜述了lb方法在理論研究和實際應用方面的新進展，以及d2q9模型的推導過程和其他一些常用的模型；在水動力邊界條件和通用邊界條件的基礎上提出了一種新的聯合邊界條件方法，它綜合了上述兩種邊界條件的優點，在流場的各種邊界處理中取得了非常好的效果，經過模塊化的處理以後這種邊界條件具有更好的實用性；針對均勻網格的lb方法計算效率較低的不足，提出了雙重網格的latticeboltzmann方法，通過二維poiseulle流動、后臺階流動和渠道方槽流動三個算例的模擬，證明這種方法能夠明顯地提高流場模擬的計算效率；此外，根據復雜區域流場的特徵提出了latticeboltzmann方法的分塊-耦合演算法，利用lb方法的計算特性實現塊與塊之間的數據交換，充分利用計算資源提高計算效率，通過對「 t 」型、 「十」型和「 x 」型分岔管道流場的模擬，展示了這種演算法的特徵和優點，以及它所具有的應用前景。
  2. Galanz integrates the chinese manpower with the international company ' s manufacturing resource and create the manufacturing advantage in the world. after focus on the core capacity, we should implement the strategy alliance and outsourcing in supply chain, such as sanyo outsourcing hairer ' s distribution network and nortel networks from outsourcing manufacturing to creating strategy alliance with major vendors

    供應鏈戰略首先要強調核心競爭力，正如格蘭仕利用中國的勞動力比較優勢嫁接（拿來）跨國公司的製造設備資源，形成具有全球優勢的製造競爭力，創造了一條以勞動力成本換取製造能力和oem訂單的新路。
  3. Bluetooth technology, a new wireless technology in ism band, can freely transmit. data and voice in short distance. the application to intelligent home is one of the most important applications of bluetooth, and it drives bluetooth ' s development

    藍牙技術，作為一種在2 . 4ghz無線基礎上新發展起來的電纜置換技術，由於其全球統一的標準性、數據和語音傳輸方面的優越性、自動組網能力、低功耗、低成本和高安全性等特點，已經得到人們的廣泛認同。
  4. Lastly, by philosophical analyzing the article draws conclusion : going on with efficient institutional change asks for dynamical grasping of path characteristic. so at present in order to advance the change the cumulative cost of institutional gradual change must be apportioned reasonably ; adjusting the change strategy wholly makes unitary institutional innovation accompanying configurable innovation ; switching institutional change mode neatly makes sure that the following change is efficient ; government ' s playing the leader role of institutional change makes adverse path dependency be got over and thoroughly resolves the shortage problem of effective institution

    最後，運用通觀全局、抓主要矛盾與矛盾的主要方面的哲學方法進行總結性分析，得出「繼續實現富有成效的制度變遷需動態把握路徑特徵」的結論，那麼，現階段應該對漸進式制度變遷的累積成本進行合理分攤，確保進一步變遷順利推進；從總體上調整制度變遷策略，形成由單項制度創新所引領的制度結構創新安排；針對變遷過程適時靈活轉換變遷方式，使變遷方式交叉復合、優勢互補，確保進一步制度變遷的效率；強化政府的變遷主體地位，以克服不利的路徑依賴，從根本上解決阻礙進一步變遷的有效制度缺失問題。
  5. Methanol fuel cell is a new type of energy conversion equipment based on proton exchange membrane fuel cell. it has been received widespread attention because it directly use methanol as fuel in fuel cell. at the same time, it has wide application in the future

    甲醇燃料電池是在質子交換膜燃料電池的基礎上發展起來的一種新型能量轉換裝置，由於直接將甲醇作為燃料電池的燃料，因而受到廣泛的關注，具有廣闊的應用前景，但是目前甲醇燃料電池的催化劑低的活性以及成本較高等問題限制了甲醇燃料電池的應用。
  6. Taking dc motor test as an example, a creative idea of applications of some advanced signal processing tools, such as time - frequency analysis, wavelet, and instantaneous frequency ( if ) evaluation, in motor testing field is presented. the paper systematically summarizes basic theories of time - frequency analysis and wavelet transform based on which an in - depth research of effective if evaluation based on wavelet ridge and wavelet curve is carried out. in the end a fast t - n characteristic testing system with neither torque nor speed sensor is successfully developed

    本論文主要關注小波分析在電機性能自動測試系統中的應用，針對傳統電機測試系統以及信號處理技術在電機測試領域中應用的不足，以直流電機為例，提出了將時頻分析、小波包變換以及基於小波脊的瞬時頻率提取方法應用到電機測試領域的新思路；較系統地總結了時頻分析和小波變換的基本理論，深入探討了基於小波脊線和小波曲線的瞬時頻率提取，並成功開發了基於正交小波包分析和基於小波脊線的瞬時頻率提取的無轉矩轉速傳感器的直流電機快速測試系統。
  7. Without right information and right planning, delivery becomes time - consuming, the utilization of equipment and labor are limited, the manufacture flexibility of the enterprise is restricted, production cost become higher while the production cycle is getting longer, the pace of product generation is slower, together with the decreasing income, the enterprise ability of managing the change are weaken by the end

    從而造成了企業庫存儲備高，物資供應不能保證，流動資金佔用大，交貨期長而不準，設備利用率和工時利用率低下，生產柔性差，生產成本高、周期長，生產效益差，產品更新換代慢，企業整體應變能力差等問題。
  8. As a new kind of motor, switched reluctance motor ( srm ) has a doubly salient structure, and its windings are only mounted on the stators. these characteristics bring srm lots of virtues : solid structure, high reliability and efficiency, good fault - tolerance, low cost etc. switched reluctance driver ( srd ) combined srm with modern power electronic technology and control technology

    開關磁阻電機（ srm ）作為調速電動機的新品種，採用定、轉子雙凸極鐵心結構，並且只在定子上裝有集中繞組，轉子上無繞組或永磁體，具有結構簡單堅固、運行可靠、效率高、功率變換簡單、容錯性好和成本低等優點。
  9. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  10. Fortunately, advances in science and technology have provided us with several alternative means of producing energy on a sustainable level, such as wind, geothermal, biomass, and solar. of these means, solar provides the most widely adaptable applications of converting sunlight directly into electrical energy. however, cost still remains the leading factor in obstructing the large - scale installations of solar cells

    幸運的是，隨著科學和技術的進步，我們已經找到了幾種新的可持續性能源，如:風能、地球熱量、生物量以及太陽能等，其中太陽能由於可將陽光直接轉換為電能因而具有更為廣闊的應用前景，但是目前成本依然是限制大規模光伏發電應用的主要問題。
  11. One - wire bus is a new technique based on cdma and std. it has simple structure, low cost, direct control via computer or microprocessor and simple program. the new type of one - wire digital sensor, which is integrated with thermometer, a / d, controller, rom, ram, can communicate with server computer through 1 wire and without any other accessories, moreover, 64 sensors can share one single line which makes system structure concise and easy

    新型的單總線數字傳感器集成了溫度檢測、 a d轉換、控制器、 rom 、 ram 、單線雙向數據傳送等功能於一體，只需要1根數據線，無需其他輔助器件即可實現傳感器與主機間的數據通訊，而且多達64個數字傳感器可以共用該數據線，使系統間的連接非常簡潔，適應于低成本的多點測試、集中控制系統。
  12. Advanced fpga technology is introduced to improve the integration of digital circuits, and all digital circuits in the original module are integrated in the fpga chips, which could not only reduce the cost, but also improve the reliability and measurement precision of the circuits. high speed digital signal processor ( dsp ) is selected as the coprocessor instead of scm ; it can receive all kinds of commands sent from vxi, analyze and execute the commands, harmonize each section of the module and process the data. higher - conversion - speed comparator chip is adopted to convert the input signals being measured into square waveform signals which could be identified by fpga chip ; it can expand the measurement range of frequency dramatically

    本文在原有vxi總線四通道計數器模塊的設計基礎上，通過對原模塊缺陷的分析，採用一些新的技術和新的電子器件來重新設計該計數器模塊:採用最新的fpga技術來提高數字電路的集成度，將原模塊中的所有數字電路全部集成在fpga晶元中，這樣不僅能節約成本，還能提高電路的可靠性和測量精度;採用高速的數字信號處理器（ dsp ）取代原有的單片機作為協處理器，來接收vxi發來的各種命令，分析命令、執行命令、協調模塊各部分的工作以及對數據的處理;採用轉換速率更高的比較器晶元將輸入的被測信號轉換為fpga晶元能夠識別的方波信號，能極大提高測量頻率的范圍;採用d / a轉換晶元和隔離運算放大器得到隔離通道所需的比較電平，該比較電平值能夠根據實際需求進行設置，能增強模塊的使用靈活性。
  13. If you had plan of replacing present products by cost, please contact with us

    此外如果您因為成本問題，希望對目前使用的產品進行更新換代，請與我們聯系。
  14. The sixth part gives process appraise about chinese western exploration item. in the thesis, the author has gives chinese western oil / gas exploration model, how to establish modern enterprise system, the strategy of science and technology, hr strategy, low cost strategy, new development strategy, corporation culture, and manage corporation idea. chinese west oil exploration is a process that is gradually accumulates experience, to adapt to international rule, to participate in international competition, and develop itself

    本文的主要觀點是在西部新區石油勘探中建立現代企業制度，規范政府與企業的職能與關系；企業在組織機構設置上注重扁平、精幹、高效；注重信息系統、財務管理模式以及西部新區油氣勘探的實施、項目評價、監督監控體系的建立；在經營上轉換機制，突出經濟效益，降低勘探成本；堅持以科技、人才為本，制訂全新的發展戰略、企業文化和經營理念，樹立牢固的環境保護意識；在西部新區石油勘探過程中，不斷積累經驗，積極參與國際競爭，主動與國際石油行業接軌，發展壯大自我， 。
  15. The control of pfc is digital control, it brings the advantages of sample circuit 、 immunity to noise 、 high reliability and debug expediently. so it is easy to update system with immovable circuit to satisfy the need of variational clients

    該pfc控制是在軟體中實現的，可以在完全不改動電路的情況下，對系統進行升級，滿足不斷變化的用戶的需要，大大減少了產品更新換代的成本。
  16. It is not recommended that using soft swtiching plus media gateway to replace the existing local and long distance telephone switching system. for those need to newly add and replace the local switching system will depend on the cost of the media gateway

    不建議使用軟交換加媒體網關的方式替換目前的本地和長途交換機，對于新增的和需要更換的本地電話交換機要視媒體網關的成本情況而定。
  17. Not recommend to use soft switching plus media gateway to replace the existing local and long distance switching systems. for the newly added and need to be changed local telephone switching systems, it will up to the cost of media gateway

    ?不建議使用軟交換加媒體網關的方式替換目前的本地和長途交換機，對于新增和需要更換的本地電話交換機要視媒體網關成本情況而定，不對pstn進行大規模根本性改造；
  18. As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker

    由於主流晶元生產技術每隔3 5年都要進行更新換代，所以掌握了新技術的廠家就可以以較低的成本製造出較好的晶元，而那些耗費數十億美元建立起的廠家，如果設備落後，也將會被生產商所淘汰。
  19. To add new cost fields in the desired currency using a wizard, click the add new currency wizard button on the

    若要使用向導添加所需貨幣的新成本欄位，請單擊「歐元貨幣轉換器」工具欄上的「添加新貨幣向導」按鈕，遵照屏幕上的指導信息進行操作。
  20. Software is hard to r & d, expensive to innovate, short period to update. however, it costs little to spread, can be copied 、 pirated easily, and the whole process is covert

    軟體開發難度大，創新成本高，更新換代快，傳播成本低，極易被他人復制、盜版，而且整個過程迅速隱蔽的特性，使得盜版軟體充斥市場，給軟體開發企業帶來巨大損失。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書