替代原則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tìdàiyuánzé]
替代原則 英文
principle of substitution
  • 替 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） replace; substitute for; supply [take] the place of 2 [書面語] （衰敗） decline Ⅱ...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 替代 : substitute for; supersede; replace; substitution; replacement
  1. The scots also replaced the original small, hard rubber ball with a soccer ball and adopted rules that prohibited taking the ball under the surface or " tackling " a player unless he had the ball

    蘇格蘭人還用足球代替了原先小而硬的橡膠球並且採用了禁止將球置於水面以下和禁止阻截非持球選手等水球規則。
  2. To restructure the basic principles of the civil mediation system, perfect the procedural rules, truly implement principles of self - willingness and judgement authority, so as to restore the original requirements of a mediation system. to implement a policy of limited case review, so as to maintain the effect of the mediation agreement, and the authority of a court mediation. meanwhile, to give the litigants certain subsidy rights, so as to achieve a balance between the litigation interests and private law interests

    要重新構建民事訴訟模式，完善民事訴訟證據規則，固定法官的中立角色，減少調解過程中的強制；要建立多元化的替代性糾紛解決機制，使民事訴訟調解制度更具系統化；要重構民事調解制度的基本原則，完善程序性規定，落實自願原則和處分權原則，還調解制度本來的要求；要實行有限再審，維護調解協議的效力和法院調解的權威，同時，給予當事人一定的救濟權利，實現訴訟利益和私法利益的平衡。
  3. In conclusion, without a rational as well as feasible alternative principle, tax authorities should stick to " arm ' s length principle ". finally, this thesis expounds chinese laws governing intra - group transaction taxation a

    因此，在找到合理可行的替代原則之前，各國仍應堅持正常交易原則確定跨國企業內部交易價格，但需在理論和實踐中繼續探求正常交易原則的具體適用方法
  4. Obtaining from the human resource constitution and the present situation analysis of the salary asignmcnt in jinma company. thorough the thorough research. in view of existing situation. this article asks the main question. which exists in the salany assignment system. in this foundation. from the angle of consummating salary incentive mechanism. it stresses the design of salary system of jinma company. the main content inclwdcs : firstly, research and analysis the salary assignment status quo and the puestions that exists in jinma company ; secondly, establish the decision model of the salary total quantity ; thirdly, design the new pattern of staff salary assignment ; fonrthly, prodme the means of the transition from the old pattern to the new one and the basic principle of the dynamic movement

    本文從金馬公司人力資源構成和薪酬分配現狀分析入手，通過深入研究，針對性地提出薪酬分配體系存在的主要問題。在此基礎上，以現代人力資源管理理論為基礎，從完善薪酬激勵機制這個角度，重點闡述金馬公司薪酬體系設計內容。主體內容包括：一是深刻地研究和分析金馬公司薪酬分配現狀及存在問題；二是建立起薪酬總量決定模型；三是設計出員工薪酬分配新模式；四是給出了新舊模式接替辦法和動態運行的基本原則。
  5. Second, it turns to analyze the outside environment of chongqing pepsi - tianfu in details by using many theories in turn such as pest, five competition power, production life cycles and value chain, and its target is not only to find opportunities in politics, economic, technology, and social culture and also to feel threaten which results from substitute, supplier, new comer, customer and competitor of our company. then, it begins to seek the strength and weakness of this company by analyzing resource of itself in order to seek main problem s during present business operating, specially focusing on marketing promotion, cost controlling, human resource management and enterprise culture. at the same time, it concludes that the main present questions are caused by some history factors, faulty present management rules, incomplete human resource system, different leader types and weak base of enterprise culture

    然後，就運用pest法、行業競爭五種力量及價值鏈的戰略管理理論對公司的外部競爭環境進行詳細的分析，發現公司可能在政治、經濟、技術、社會文化上面臨的機會以及行業中替代品、供應商、新進入者、顧客、競爭對手正帶來的威脅；接著，運用資源分析法找出公司內部的優勢和劣勢，特別是目前存在的主要問題及其產生的各種主要原因，其中問題集中表現在市場營銷、成本控制、人力資源管理、企業文化四大方面，而產生原因則是公司的歷史、管理制度不夠完善、人才機制不健全、領導風格不相同、企業文化較薄弱等因素；接著，就是將內、外環境的分析結果通過swot方法進行戰略匹配和選擇，得出三個戰略方案，即：穩定發展戰略、密集型發展戰略和多元化發展戰略。
  6. The applicability of chinese constitution is determined by five factors ; but the influence of former soviet union ' s constitutional theary together with the low law consciousness of chinese society and the constitution ' s low applicability had resulted in the nonapplication of chinese constitution before 1980s ; the application of it in both the special initi - tute authorized by the constitution and the courts since 1980s has shown that the constitution not only should be applied but it is actually applicable, but the application has been in a low level concerning the geographical areao and the cases in which the law is applied

    從憲法在現實中適用的情況看：第一，憲法可以也應該適用，因為： （ 1 ）憲法是法，具有法的基本屬性； （ 2 ）憲法是根本法，當它的下位法「缺位」或下位法與它相違背時憲法應適用； （ 3 ）憲法有自己的獨特的調整對象，普通法無法替代，普通法的適用代替不了憲法的適用； （ 4 ）在社會轉型時期，社會關系不斷發生變化，而普通法的較具體性以及法的穩定性使普通法難以適應社會的需要，而憲法的原則性、概括性則能適應社會不斷發展變化的需要。
  7. 3. study on vegetation succession : by using place to make succession, instead of using time, we have a useful try to hope to support helpful use for reference. on the other hand, we reveal actuality and stages of community succession of midland of taihang mountain to presume the succession direction in the future

    植被的演替研究：本文對用空間代替時間的方法進行演替研究時，選取樣地應遵循的原則進行了有益探索，以期對今後的研究提供有益借鑒，並且科學揭示了太行山中段地區的群落演替現狀和各群落的演替階段，對各演替階段今後的演替方向作出推測。
  8. Chapter 2 elaborates habermas ' s ontology of rights. he reconstructs the traditional theory of rights by replacing " natural state " or " the original position " with " ideal speech situation " as a starting point to define basic rights, replacing " practical reason " with " communicative rationality " as intersubjective participants " competence to construct basic rights and replacing moral principle with discourse principle as a basic principle to justify basic rights

    第二章闡述了哈貝馬斯的權利本體論，他以「理想的言說情境」取代「自然狀態」或「無知之幕」 ，並以它作為論證權利的出發點，以交往合理性代替傳統的實踐理性，以話語原則取代道德原則，對傳統的權利理論進行了重構。
  9. This thesis takes the process of the futures delivery as the object of the research, analyzes and investigates the physical delivery system. firstly the thesis introduces the connotation, status and functions of the futures delivery in the futures market, and then makes a deep research in the futures delivery systems concerned such as the designing of the grade of the listed commodity at par as well as the premium and discount, the selection of the delivery locations and the regulation on the designated delivery warehouses, as well as the management and circulation of the warehouse receipts. on the basis of the above - mentioned analysis, this paper makes some constructive suggestions and recommendations on the improvement and innovation of the futures delivery to be taken by the chinese futures market at the present stage

    本文首先闡明了期貨交割在期貨市場中的經濟內涵、樞紐地位和功能保障作用；然後，從合約設計出發，用均衡原理揭示了期貨交割制度與品種活躍和風險控制的有機關系；進而，對比中外交割制度，通過比較，認清了中外現貨基礎、誠信和法制等環境因素的差距，明白了「拿來」的內容和如何構建中國特色的交割制度；從而，就小麥國家標準的歷史局限性，標準和替代交割品級及其升貼水的設計原則，交割標準把握的出發點和落腳點，交割倉庫設置和管理的目標和狀況，標準倉單沾滯的根源等期貨市場交割制度及相關規定，進行了深入而細致的剖析。
  10. After reviewing the traditional theories of vicarious liability and doctrine of identification in common law countries, it describes and reviews in details the latest development in this field such as the aggregation doctrine model, the reactive corporate fault model, corporate mens rea doctrine model, the management failure model and the model of self - identity

    第一節介紹與評析了普通法系國家的法人刑事責任理論。在系統梳理了傳統的替代責任與同一原則理論，以及晚近出現的集合原則、法人反應原則、法人犯意原則以及法人自身特性原則等法人刑事責任的新理論之後，本文對新舊理論作了一一評述。
  11. The estoppel of anglo - american law system, which is a substitute and supplement of consideration, is the result of application of the principle of good faith and equitable idea in order to protect transaction security

    摘要英美法系的禁反言規則，是對價理論的代替物和補充，是誠實信用原則與衡平理念適用的結果，目的是保護交易安全。
  12. Chapter four focuses on the countermeasures against anti - dumping from the view of government and enterprises respectively. the following is the major viewpoints in the thesis : anti - dumping has developed into one of the major forms of trade barriers, which has its root deeply set into the economy and its internal features ; the backward managerial style of chinese enterprises constitutes the primary internal cause of the severe situation in which they have been suffering from anti - dumping ; the discriminating practices violate, in essence, the relative wto principles ; to break the anti - dumping barrier, the chinese government should straighten out the export practices, build up trade and business associations, and appeal to the wto dispute settlement body. as for enterprises, they should alter their marketing strategies and strengthen the cooperation with international business entities

    本文的主要觀點有：反傾銷自二十世紀下半期以來逐漸發展成為一種主要的國際貿易壁壘，有其深刻的經濟客觀需要以及自身的特點；中國企業普遍不存在對海外市場的傾銷能力，落後的經營管理方式是造成中國企業遭遇反傾銷制裁的主要內因；替代國制度從本質上講是違背wto反傾銷協議原則的；欲打破反傾銷封鎖，我國政府對內應整頓出口經營秩序，建立健全商會職能，對外應在研究吃透有關規則的基礎上積極向wto爭端解決機構申訴，以從根本上扭轉不利局面；企業應轉換經營思維，調整經營策略，積極應訴並加強國際合作，才能消除遭致國外反傾銷的內部隱患。
  13. The principle of independence means that civil liability in security transaction is independent to the administrative liability and also the criminal liability, three of them can not mix up mutually. each of them can not b e replaced by the other and none of them can be remitted

    獨立原則是指證券交易民事責任既獨立於行政責任又獨立於刑事責任，三者不能互相混同，不能以一種責任替代另一種責任，也不能因承擔一種責任免除另一種責任。
  14. 2 for the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the current price is the price prevailing at the place where delivery of the goods should have been made or, if there is no current price at that place, the price at such other place as serves as a reasonable substitute, making due allowance for differences in the cost of transporting the goods. article 77

    為上一款的目的，時價指原應交付貨物地點的現行價格，如果該地點沒有時價，則指另一合理替代地點的價格，但應適當地考慮貨物運費的差額。
  15. The way this script works is simple : our substitution regular expression matches the last character on the line, which happens to be a carriage return

    該腳本的工作原理很簡單：替代規則表達式與一行的最末字元匹配，而該字元恰好就是回車。
  16. In the era of electronic documents, provenance principle still has strong vitality and unsubstitutable significance

    電子文件時代，來源原則依然具有強大的生命力，它的指導意義具有不可替代性。
  17. On the basis of the analysis, revival, renewal and evolution of the various functions of the numerus clausus principle, we can see that this principle can be abolished and a property law system which is focus on the property publication should be established

    通過對物權法定原則的諸多功能的剝離、返還、替代和轉換，可以取消之，代之以一個以物權公示原則為中心的物權法體系。
  18. The article takes the hollywood movie as the target by means of analyzing the movies that contain the u. s. idea and ideology, and technology together with psychology how to attract the viewers. with this analyses, we can judge whether hollywood movies that penetrate into american style mythology affect nationalism at the same time produce one kind of american affection or not ; whether individual heroism of hollywood movies can deconstruct nationality self - cohesion or not, whether the art regulation of hollywood movies can substitute for the tradition of national aesthetics completely or not

    本文以好萊塢的電影作為評析對象，通過剖析一些在我國正式放映的美國大片里蘊涵著的思想內容和意識形態、科技與「藝術」和如何抓住電影觀眾的心理等等，以此分析好萊塢電影所貫穿的美國式神話是否會在影響民族認同的同時創造一種美國情結，好萊塢電影那種個人英雄的敘事原型是否會解構民族發展的自我凝聚力，好萊塢電影的藝術規則是否會完全替代我國電影敘述美學的傳統。
  19. In usa, although the legislation has adopted parallel models of vicarious liability and doctrine of identification, in judicial practice especially in the federal court the vicarious liability model dominates. further to that the us judicial practice has been very responsive to the latest theory and seeks to consider the internal independent mind of corporate crime and misconduct

    美國在立法上雖已形成替代責任與同一原則並存的格局，但在司法上特別是聯邦法院主要的依據仍然是替代責任；法院一直致力於擴展替代責任的范圍，並在司法實踐中繼續采納新的法人刑事責任理論，試圖撇開實施犯罪行為的自然人，直接考慮法人內在的獨立犯罪意志，以求擴大法人的刑事責任。
  20. Developers may find use for atomic variables directly as a higher - performance replacement for shared counters, sequence number generators, and other independent shared variables that otherwise would have to be protected by synchronization

    開發人員可以直接將原子變量用作共享計數器、序號生成器和其他獨立共享變量的高性能替代，否則必須通過同步保護這些變量。
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