最高法律效力 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zuìgāofǎlǜxiàolì]
最高法律效力 英文
supreme legal authority
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 高 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （從下向上距離大; 離地面遠） tall; high 2 （在一般標準或平均程度之上; 等級在上的） above...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 效力 : 1 （效勞） render a service to; serve2 （事物所產生的有利作用） potence; effect; efficacy 3 （約...
  1. This paper, takes rli as an object of study, takes property rights relationship and management relationship of rural land as a main clue, takes raising the management benefit into full play of rural land and ensuring rural land sustainable utilization as objective, uses the theory of western institution economics and market economics for reference, adopts the method of study of combining macro analysis with microanalysis and combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, reviews systematically the developing process of rli in china since the founding of our country and the developing tendency of rli in the world, summarizes the influence law of rli to rural land management benefit, analyses the innovative mechanis m. institutive achievement and being faced with difficult position and gauntlet of the present rli in china, and defines the objective and following principles of rli innovation proceeding from the actual conditions of our country. on the basis of these, constructs the innovative models by stages of rural land property rights institution and management institution, which accords with the market economic law and the law by stages of rural economic developing levels and gives consideration to efficiency and fair

    本文以農村土地制度為研究對象，以農村土地的產權關系和經營關系為主線，以農村經濟發展水平（包括農村生產力發展水平和農村工業化、城鎮化水平）和農民的承受能力為依據，以最大限度地提高農地經營效益、確保農地資源的可持續利用為目的，借鑒西方新制度經濟學理論和市場經濟理論，採用宏觀分析與微觀分析、定量分析與定性分析、規范研究與實證研究相結合的研究方法，系統地回顧了建國后我國農地制度的演變過程及世界農地制度的演變趨勢，總結了農地制度對農地經營效益的影響規律，分析了我國現行的家庭承包經營責任制的創新機理、制度績效及其面臨的困境與挑戰，並從我國的實際出發，確定了農地制度創新的目標及應遵循的原則，在此基礎上構建符了符合市場經濟規律和農村經濟發展水平的階段性規律、兼顧效率和社會公平的階段性農地產權制度創新模式及其對應的經營制度創新模式。
  2. . firstlv we should exert the ability of judge to overcome the shortage of positive law, and aeeepl judge - made law. secondly we should absorb the law development mode of precedent in the case that we are lack of enough positive law. thirdly for the sack of the aim ruled by law, we should set up the authority of judge

    在法官擁有個案解釋后不可避免的會產生創造性的適用法律，我們可在最高人民法院院設立判例委員會，通過法定的程序將這部分案例上升為判例，使其產生法的效力，對今後法官審理相同或類似的案件產生拘束力。
  3. On the supreme efficacy of the constitution

    論憲法的最高法律效力
  4. Since coming out from the constitution as the fundamental law of the country, a lot of countries around the world, in different forms successively, have set up and checked whether the general legislation or administrative statuted accords with the system of the constitution, usually called the examination of violation of the constitution or the review of constitutionality, so as to ensure supreme legal effect and position of the constitution

    自從憲法作為國家的根本大法問世以來，世界上許多國家都陸續以不同的形式，建立了審查一般立法或行政法規是否符合憲法的制度，通常稱為違憲審查或合憲性審查，以保證憲法的最高法律效力和地位。
  5. Constitution as the highest law of the land, the highest legal effect

    憲法作為國家的根本大法，具有最高的法律效力。
  6. This constitution affirms the achievements of the struggles of the chinese people of all nationalities and defines the basic system and basic tasks of the state in legal form ; it is the fundamental law of the state and has supreme legal authority

    本憲法以法律的形式確認了中國各族人民奮斗的成果，規定了國家的根本制度和根本任務，是國家的根本法，具有最高的法律效力。
  7. This constitution, in legal form, affirms the achievements of the struggles of the chinese people of all nationalities and defines the basic system and basic tasks of the state ; it is the fundamental law of the state and has supreme legal authority

    本憲法以法律的形式確認了中國各族人民奮斗的成果，規定了國家的根本制度和根本任務，是國家的根本法，具有最高的法律效力。
  8. Because ga possesses the traits of can global random search, the robustness is strong, been use briefly and broadly, it didn ’ t use path search, and use probability search, didn ’ t care inherence rule of problem itself, can search the global optimum points effectively and rapidly in great vector space of complicated, many peak values, cannot differentiable. so it can offset the shortages of nn study algorithm, can reduce the possibility that the minimum value get into local greatly, the speed of convergence can improve, interpolation time shorten greatly, the quantity of training reduce

    因為遺傳演算法具有全局隨機搜索能力，魯棒性強、使用簡單和廣泛的特點，它不採用路徑搜索，而採用概率搜索，不用關心問題本身的內在規律，能夠在復雜的、多峰值的、不可微的大矢量空間中迅速有效地尋找到全局最優解，所以可以彌補神經網路學習演算法的不足，使陷入局部最小值的可能性大大減少，使得收斂速度提高，訓練量減小。
  9. According to these analysis, we can give the taxation basic law a clear position during the system of taxation law : taxation basic law is the total laws to regulate the relations of taxation, legislated by the highest organ of state power, which is the constitutional laws during the taxation system, and whose position and strength is the highest, to control, restrain, refer and coordinate other taxation laws

    這樣我們可以對稅收基本法在法學及稅法學理論中，在稅法體系中有一個明確的定位：稅收基本法是由國家最高權力機關制定的，關于稅收基本問題的立法，是稅法體系中的「小憲法」或母法，在稅法領域有著最高的法律地位和法律效力，對各單行稅收法律法規起統領、約束、指導、協調的作用。
  10. In this section the author analyses the rules of the pile ultimate tip resistance and the shaft friction resistance distribution and their exertion of cast - in - place socketed piles instrumented with strainometers in soft muddy rock. the second aspect of the paper is the analysis on the current rock pile vertical bearing capacity in the four standards gb50007 - 2002, tb 10002. 5 - 99, jtj024 - 85 and jgj94 - 94, then the design method with correlated formula of socketed piles in xigeda - mudstone is given. at the end of this paper, based on the research of pressure grouting technique in recent years, and combined with in - site test result, this paper puts forward the design and calculation method to grouted pile in xigeda - mudstone and the principle of choosing grouting parameters, which provid es experiences for applying this technique and further studying

    本論文結合省級科研項目「西攀高速公路昔格達組泥巖層中鉆孔樁提高承載力的研究」 ，所做的研究工作主要在以下三個方面：一是根據8根樁身內埋設量測元件試樁的單樁豎向靜載荷試驗資料，分析了各試驗樁特別是常規沖孔灌注嵌巖樁在昔格達泥巖中的軸向力、側摩阻和樁端阻力的分佈和發揮規律；二是在討論現行規范對嵌巖樁承載力的計算公式的基礎上，探討了在昔格達泥巖層中的沖孔灌注嵌巖樁的側摩阻和端阻的計算方法，並推薦了相應的計算公式；最後，在吸取近年來對灌注樁后注漿技術研究成果的基礎上，結合現場試驗研究結果，分析了該項技術在昔格達巖層中的應用效果，提出了相應的參數選取，從而為壓力灌漿技術的工程應用和進一步研究提供經驗，並為今後在該地層中合理選用樁型以及指導施工提供了依據。
  11. Statistically, it makes a quantitive analysis on the evolvement of the country economic structure in xi ' an city, the economic benefit of the changes in industry structure, the effect on labor resource collacation in industry structure and the effect of the increasing income of countrymen in industry structure changes, which discloses a rule of the industry structure evolvement in country. the putting forward of the non - agriculture industry in country, especially the rapid increase in country industry will promote the rise of the country industry level for a long term. the country industry structure influences a lot the increase of the farmer ' s income which is also affected by agriculture structure and planting structure, but less. the non - agriculture industry plays a main role in the increase of farmer ' s income. for the low level of the townlization and industrialization, developing industry, construction and commercial in country is very feasible to resolve the problem of spare labors in country. it is strengthening labors transferring and reducing the modulus of labor over the infield that farmers income could be kept increasing. after a theoretical analysis and twenty years practise in the regulation of country economy structure after the reform and opening policy in xi ' an, a new thought of regulating country economy structure in xi ' an is put forward that a strategic regulation must be taken in country economy structure and the agriculture structure must be optimized. moreover, an expanding agriculture must be developed and transfer the spare labors in country effectively. so the government function during the regulation of country economy structure is transferred to : the first one, making the stress policy in the regulation of country industry structure. 2ndly, strengthening the force in regulating country industry structure ; 3rdly, making a plan on the regulation of country industry structure ; 4th promoting the optimizition and upgree of industry relying on sci - tech progress ; 5th enhancing the townlization and optimizing the country industry structure ; last one, improving the quality of labors in full scale

    本文在概述經濟結構理論的基礎上，第一次系統地研究了西安市農村經濟結構調整，用數據統計的方法，定量、定性地分析了西安市農村經濟結構演變的軌跡，分析了產業結構變動的經濟效益、產業結構勞動力資源配置效應、產業結構變動的農民收入增長效應，揭示了農村產業結構演變的規律。提出農村非農產業，尤其是高速增長的農村工業，對促進農村產業水平的提升起著長?推動力的作用；農民收入增長直接受農村產業結構的影響最大，農業產業結構、種植業結構對農民收入有影響，但作用不可高估；非農產業是農民增收的主要支撐力量，解決農村余勞動力在城鎮化、工業化水平不高的情況下，切實可行的選擇是在農村發展工業、建築業、商飲業等非農產業；農民收入要保持快速增長態勢必須加大農村勞動力轉移力度，減少耕地承載勞動力的系數。通過理論分析，結合西安市改革開放后20多年的農村產業結構調整的實踐，提出了西安市農村產業結構調整的發展思路及目標、原則，明確指出了政府在農村經濟結構調整過程中的職能轉變的重要方面：一是制定農村產業結構調整的傾斜政策，二是加大對農村產業調整的投入力度，三是制定產業結構調整的規劃，四是依靠科技進步促進產業優化和升級，五是加快城鎮化過程，優化農村產業結構。
  12. Non - uniformity of the amplifying effect and dimension of the slope are pointed out through analysis of the distribution of the stress and sonic speed in the slope. forms of slope lost stability resulted from blasting vibration are analyzed and appraising rules of slope stability are summarized by a great deal instances on coasts. based on general discussion about calculation methods of the slope stability under the effect of blasting vibration, the synthetical method, a new one, is put forward, analyzed through a sample by and pointed out which is one of most valid methods

    利用波動理論，得出延期時間為nt / m時減震效果最好；在分析邊坡巖體內部應力、質點速度等分佈規律的基礎上，指出邊坡震動放大效應的不均勻性和邊坡尺寸效應；結合大量滑坡實例，分析了爆破震動引起邊坡失穩破壞的幾種形式，總結出邊坡穩定性評價準則；基於對邊坡穩定性計算方法的綜合分析，提出了一種綜合分析方法，通過算例計算分析，證明該法計算精確度高、功能全面，是邊坡動力穩定性分析的有效方法之一。
  13. In chapter one, the article introduces kelsen ’ s theory of validity of law. to understand kelsen ' s theory of validity of law, we must first understand the law in kelsen ’ s viewpoint. kelsen regards law as a system, an order, which is composed of legal norms

    法律體系的效力是分層次的，較低層次的法律規范的效力來源於較高層次的法律規范的效力，最後整個法律體系內的規范的效力歸於一個在法律思維中預設的基本規范，這個基本規范是構成法律體系的諸多法律規范的效力理據。
  14. By so doing, the completeness of the civil procuratorial rights can be kept and the incorrect judgments and decisions by the courts can be corrected in time. ( b ) the people ' s procuratorates should have the right to protest against not only those that have taken effect but also these civil judgments that have not taken effect yet so as to lower the procedural costs. ( c ) it is important to prescribe clearly that the cases being protested by the procuratorates should be retried by the people ' s court that accepts such protests, ( d ) it is necessary to broaden and perfect the ways in which civil procuratorial supervisions are carried out and make it a st andard legal practice for the procuratorial organs to take legal proceedings, take part in the proceedings and raise procuratorial suggestions

    一是民事檢察監督的形式過于單一，僅規定了人民檢察院對人民法院確有錯誤的民事判決、裁定有權提出抗訴這一種監督方式，除此之外並未規定其他的監督途徑；二是民事檢察監督的范圍過于狹窄，僅規定對已經發生法律效力的判決、裁定有權提出抗訴，而對未發生法律效力的判決、裁定能否監督未作規定，不僅如此，最高人民法院還不斷地作出司法解釋，對檢察機關可以抗訴的民事裁定的范圍逐步加以限制；三是基層人民檢察院沒有抗訴權，使大量案件集中在市級以上人民檢察院；四是人民檢察提出抗訴后，案件由哪一級人民法院再審，未作明確規定，造成了審級上的混亂。
  15. Article 18 if the supreme people ' s procuratorate discovers some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people ' s court at any level, or if a people ' s procuratorate at a higher level discovers some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people ' s court at a lower level, it shall lodge a protest in accordance with procedures of judicial supervision

    第十八條最高人民檢察院對于各級人民法院已經發生法律的效力的判決和裁定，上級人民檢察院對于下級人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決和裁定，如果發現確有錯誤，應當按照審判監督程序提出抗訴。
  16. As hong kong s constitution, the basic law is the supreme law in the region, and other laws inconsistent with it can be invalidated by the courts

    作為一份憲制性文件，基本法是香港特別行政區的最高法律依據，而違反基本法的法例，可被法院視?不具法律效力。
  17. Since chinese four assets managements company were established, they started to face many challenges, especially " how to get back assets as much as possible and how to abate the handling cost as much as possible ? ", " how to effectively handle the bad financial asset by diversified manners ? ". asset - backed securitization is one of many effective methods to handling of bad financial asset by many assets management company in many foreign countries. at present, chinese financial assets management companies are exploiting in the field, however not get to success yet. based on history study, statistic method and theory in combination with practices, this article first described the quo status and current development in handling of bad financial asset in china, and analyzad the problem happened during handling of bad financial asset. on basis of explaining relative theory and practice on asset - backed securitization and combining with successful experiences of foreign companies and latest development in china, this article tried t o conclude the general rules on bad financial asset - backed securitization, and pointed out that china had its primary conditions ready on asset - backed securitization and it was practicable to further develop financial innovation and execute bad financial asset - backed securitization. in considering of our established assets management company ' s structure, it designed a practicable program to implement asset - backed securitization by assets management companies. in designing, it focused on transfer pricing of bad financial asset, and at same time it included problem, study and countermeasures on establishment of special purpose vehicle under bad financial asset - backed securitization situation

    本論文採用歷史、統計、理論聯系實際的方法，從金融資產管理公司的成立背景談起，先描述了我國不良資產的現狀和處置進展，指出了目前不良資產處置存在的手段單一、技術含量低從而處置進展較慢、且效率不高等問題，然後在闡述資產證券化的相關理論與實務的基礎上，結合國外不良資產普遍應用資產證券化的成功經驗、以及國內研究的最新動態，力圖總結出不良資產證券化的一般規律性內容。並指出我國資產證券化的基礎條件已具備，進一步金融創新，對部分不良資產證券化是可行的。結合我國已成立的金融資產管理公司的不良資產結構，設計出了資產管理公司實施資產證券化的可行性方案。
  18. With the input of a vibration acceleration history of subway train, a full dynamic analysis of soil - pile - structure is carried out. the propagation of vibration wave on the ground and vibration responses of the huge platform and the storied buildings are analyzed. some conclusions are drawn as follows : ( 1 ) with the increase of the distance to the vibration source, vibration intensity of the ground decreases ; ( 2 ) the vibration intensity of the ground in vertical direction is slightly larger than that in horizontal direction ; ( 3 ) with the increase of the distance to the vibration source, the situation that the vibration intensity of each building in horizontal direction is maximum at highest and lowest story whereas minimum at the middle story changes gradually to that decreasing with the height of building ; ( 4 ) in vertical direction, the vibration velocities and accelerations at the end points of each story of a building are the nominal identical, which indicates that the vertical vibration of them is unanimous ; ( 5 ) the vibration intensity in vertical direction of a building is larger than that in horizontal direction ; ( 6 ) increasing of the elasticity of track is an effective way to abate vibration of ground and buildings

    本文以北京地鐵八王墳車輛段地上超大結構（車輛段大平臺及其上的小區樓房）及其地基基礎為研究對象，在研究和分析有關資料的基礎上，用快速拉格朗日有限差分法軟體flac建立了二維數值分析模型，並以列車振動加速度時程作為模型輸入，進行了地基?樁基礎?地上結構的整體動力學分析，分析了地鐵列車運行產生的振動在地面的傳播規律及其對地上結構的影響，得到了如下結論： （ 1 ）隨著與地鐵線路距離的增大，地面的振動強度有減小的趨勢； （ 2 ）地面豎直方向的振動強度較之水平方向的略大； （ 3 ）隨著與振源距離的增大，在水平方向上，地上各幢樓房的振動強度由底層和頂層的最大、中間層的最小逐漸過渡到沿樓層增高而減小； （ 4 ）在豎直方向上，每幢樓各層端點的振動速度、加速度完全相同，表明樓房各層在豎直方向上的運動狀態一致； （ 5 ）各幢樓房豎直方向的振動強度比水平方向的大； （ 6 ）增加軌道彈性是減輕地面和地上建築振動的有效途徑。
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