有序無序相變 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [yǒuxùwúxùxiāngbiàn]
有序無序相變
英文
order disorder phase transition-
Disigning coolant channel on the firebox of liquid rocket engine to loxodrome ( equal - angle helix ) groove can improve firebox coolant capability greatly. because the width dimension of loxodrome groove is narrow and the depth is deep, some machining methods are incapable, such as end - milling or electrochemistry. according to the peculiarities, a cnc disk - cutter - milling method which is composed of five motion axes with four simultaneously interpolated ones is researched. because most firebox generatrix is composed of complex curves, it is very difficult to get cnc cutting program with manual means. in order to deal with the problem, the loxodrome mathematics model is studied, and an auto - programming software system is developed. the software system can generate cnc cutting program of loxodrome on many kinds of turned surface. the constriction - distension segment of firebox is the most representative workpiece. the sharp changing of its generatrix slope makes loxodrome milling difficult. with the theory analyzing and practice cutting experiment, some applied techniques, which include milling mode and direction, choosing cutter diameter and cutting start point setting, are developed. adopting the technology above, tens regular workpiece have been manufacturing. the two - year manufacture practice has confirmed the validity and feasibility of developed loxodrome coolant channel milling method. the developed technology is also worth to be referenced to other similar workpiece
將液體火箭發動機燃燒室的冷卻通道設計為斜航線（等傾角螺旋線）槽形，可以大幅度改善燃燒室的冷卻性能.斜航線冷卻槽的槽寬尺寸較小而槽深尺寸較大，所以無法使用棒銑刀銑削、電化學等加工方式.針對這些特點，提出了五軸控制、四軸聯動的數控片銑刀銑削加工方法.由於燃燒室外表面的母線輪廓復雜，手工編制數控加工程序難度大.為了解決數控加工程序的編制問題，研究了斜航線的數學模型，開發了自動編程軟體系統.使用該系統，可以生成多種母線輪廓回轉體外表面上的斜航線數控加工程序.燃燒室收斂-擴張段的母線斜率變化大，加工難度大，是斜航線冷卻通道加工的最典型工件.經過理論分析和實際切削實驗，研究了針對該類型工件的片銑刀直徑選擇、銑削方式和方向、刀具調整和起刀點的設置等多項實際的加工方案.採用上述的一系列技術，已經成功地加工了數十個合格工件.經過兩年多的實際生產過程應用，驗證了所開發的斜航線冷卻通道加工方法的正確性和可行性.這些加工技術的研製成功，對其他相似類型零件的加工亦具有參考意義The defect of this kind of literary style is that do not there is not close connection between incident and incident, just appeared successively according to the order of time, made the structure of the works seem loose, it is difficult to form the whole effect ; at incident prosily, it narrates scarce to change rhythm static behavior describe have enough and to spare and work up insufficient sense, it was the history living dramas of static historical pictures but not a scene curtain with all linked with one another ring that reproduced out ; regarded incident as the centre, in people s discipline history, dredged and left literature to announce the aim of the question of life
作為一種敘事散文，回憶錄的寫法理應不拘一格，但事實上大多數作者都是採取的無技巧筆法，也就是一個接一個地敘述事件直至結束，其間加入自己對歷史的感受和思考。這種寫法的缺陷是事件與事件之間沒有緊密的聯系，只是按照時間順序先後出現，使作品結構顯得鬆散，難于形成整體效應對事件平鋪直敘，敘事節奏缺乏變化，靜態描述有餘而動感不足，再現出的是一幅幅靜止的歷史畫面而非一幕幕環環相扣的歷史活劇以事件為中心，以人紀史，疏離了文學揭示人生問題的宗旨。In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the
本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。Nonlinear viewpoints on development of science is depended on that the science is the partial system of society system, and it not only has the nonlinear interaction which is the source and motive force of development, but also has strange attractor which lead to order in the disorder, that is science problem and science theory, matthew effect and priority. the development of science also possesses sensitive dependence to the primary condition. it will flux and reflux suffered from the influence of various random factors inside and outside of system
科學發展的非線性觀立足點就在於科學是社會系統的分系統，它不僅有非線性相互作用，這構成了發展的源泉和動力，更有導致無序中產生有序的奇異吸引子（科學問題與科學理論， 「馬太效應」與「優先權」 ） ，在發展過程中對初始條件也具有敏感依賴性，並受到系統內部、外部的各種隨機因素的影響而產生漲落，在常規發展時期表現為科學的漸變，也就是量的積累，當漲落放大時就表現為科學革命，即質的改變。To attain the harmonious integration of these two aspects, the reinforcement and consummation of the communist party ' s leadership and the seeking for reformation and creation of social - controlling system, especially display their importance and imperativeness, with the founding and consummating of socialist market economy, political power incessantly recedes from the economic realm, the original power consiousness - leading social controlling means gradually get their surviving foundation mopped off, simultaneously, the new spontaneous order is yet to form owing to its lack of necesssary economic social foundations and cultural ethical sourc es
做到二者有機統一，加強和改善黨的領導，尋求社會控制機制的變革和創新，就顯得尤為重要和緊迫。隨著社會主義市場經濟體制的建立和完善，政治權力不斷地從經濟領域撤退，原有的以權力與意識形態相結合為主的社會控制手段，也就失去其存在的基礎。而新的自發的秩序又因缺乏其必要的經濟基礎、社會基礎、文化倫理資源而一時無法形成。It was interested that there was an extra six nucleosides insertion between 1647 - 1652nt ( according to the genomic sequence of la sota strain ), and the sequence were cccccc in f48e9 strain, and tcccac in zj1 strain. in order to test if insertion of this six nucleosides is related with the virulence of nd, two primers were designed to amplify the same fragment of another ten ndv strains. the result of sequence comparison of 16 strains showed that the six nucleoside was absent in lentogenic strain. this suggested that the six nucleosides insertion might have relationship with the ndv virulence. compared with all known sequence of ndv. there was a special sequence ( 5 ' tctctctcctctctcctcc3 " ) in the genomic cdna of ndv f48e9 strain
通過rt - pcr方法擴增獲得了另外10個背景清楚毒株的np - p基因間隔區片段，將這些序列與f48e9 、 lasota 、 clone30 、 b1 、 zj1和v4的相應序列進行了比較，結果在參比的16個ndv毒株中在該區段中除了有多個點突變外，個別毒株有堿基插入和缺失，所有以lasota株為代表的弱毒株均無6堿基的插入，而以f48e9株為首的強毒株均有此6堿基的插入，但有一個中等毒力的毒株dp沒有6堿基的插入，不過它的基因序列和lasota的幾乎相同，對于所克隆到的基因的代表性還有待確定。1. after verbal - analyzing the meanings of rationality and reason, the author argues that they have the same meaning, which implies the cause and argument ; 2. while the absolutism and essentialism on rationality are criticized with the reasons of the paradox between the belief and the causes and the absolute of human ignorance, the relativism and nihilism on the issue also are refuted on the grounds of human natural instincts in pursuing order
（二）根據信仰與理由之間的悖論和人無知的絕對性批判了在合理性問題上的絕對主義、本質主義，又以人們追求秩序的天性批判了合理性問題上的相對主義、虛無主義，筆者認為，盡管合理性標準不會靜止不變，但在一定時期內，仍有普適的、為人們普遍接受的合理性標準。This paper describes mainly system functions, measuring methods, circuit design, software program and errors analysis of a new type of measuring instrument. this instrument can measure and monitor electric parameters in single - phase circuits, three - phase ( three - wire or four - wire ) circuits. this system can be applied to electric devices and power plants, transformer substations with harmonic pollution. it can measure current, voltage, power, energy, frequence, power factor etc. it also can detect load quality, phase sequence, alarm, display and print results, as well as detect and dispose negative power
該儀器適用於含有諧波污染情況下的機電設備現場、發電廠、供電局、企業變電所現場，可用來測量電流、電壓、有功功率、無功功率、視在功率、有功電能、無功電能、視在電能以及頻率和功率因數等電參數，並具有負載性質（感性、容性）判別，正、逆相序判別指示功能；超限報警功能；列印記錄功能和負功檢測及處理功能。It was revealed that the hexagonal order was destroyed and the phase transition from hexagonal to amorphous structure with the increment of manganese ion, and with the appropriate neutral hexadecylamine ( hda ) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( ctab ) as mixed template, mn - mcm - 41 was synthesized with well uniformly pore size and hexagonal mesostructure for the additional function of n - metal covalent bond, and the ordered structure was mediated by the influence on the packing parameter
表明隨著mn ~ （ 2 + ）引入量的增加，導致介孔長程有序結構的破壞，最終引起由六方相向無定型相的轉變。適量中性表面活性劑十六胺的引入以形成混合模板劑，通過在原有靜電作用基礎上增加n -金屬鍵作用，合成結構較為完整的錳摻雜mcm - 41材料。The stator of aceg is connected to the grid and the three symmetrical excitation windings in the rotor are fed by converter. the magnitude and frequency and phase and phase sequence of excitation voltage can be controlled, so the magnitude and position of excitation mmf as well as the speed of rotor can be controlled. therefore, acegs have superior performances by contrast with conventional synchronous generators and induction generators, such as upstanding stability, power generation of variable speed constant frequency ( vscf ), adjusting active power and reactive power independently, and absorbing lag reactive power deeply
交流勵磁發電機的基本結構與繞線式異步電機相同，其定子側接電網，轉子上採用三相對稱分佈的勵磁繞組，由變頻器提供對稱交流電勵磁，且勵磁電壓的幅值大小、頻率、相位、相序都可根據要求加以控制，從而可以控制發電機勵磁磁場大小、相對于轉子的位置和電機的轉速，使得交流勵磁發電機具有良好的穩定性及轉速適應能力、獨立的有功與無功調節能力和較強的進相運行能力，性能超越傳統同步發電機和感應發電機，因而有著廣闊的應用前景。In chapter 3, we give an equivalent form of semi - infinite programming, and a locally convergent ssle method is proposed for sip. we only need solve a linear system equations and a subproblem with a parameter per step, also a modified algorithm which saves cost of computations is given, at the end of the paper, we give a proof of the convergence for the algorithms
第三章通過適當的變形，得到半無限規劃問題的一個等價形式，並給出一個局部收斂的序列線性方程組演算法，這個演算法在每一步，只需求解一個線性方程組和一個帶參數的非線性子問題，證明了演算法的收斂性，同時，給出了一個修正演算法，與前面演算法相比較，修正演算法節約一定的計算量，同樣具有較好的收斂性。On the analysis of the theory of instantaneous reactive power, the paper brings forward a new harmonic detection method based on multiple frequency transform. the detection theory of positive sequence harmonic and negative sequence harmonic is respectively proved in detail. the correlative concepts are defined and the simulation validates the feasibility of this method
本文在分析瞬時無功功率理論的基礎上，提出了一種基於倍頻旋轉變換的諧波測量方法，分別針對正序和負序分量，從理論上證明了該方法能分離出單個的諧波，給出了相關量的定義，最後通過模擬驗證了該方法的有效性。Abstract : on the basis of the theory of controlled phase - changes of piezoceramics, high - temperature polarizing technology makes initial working temperature a little higher than curie temperature of a sample, but the polarization voltage needed is greatly lower than the one needed in normal polarization ( only 1 / 10 - 1 / 5 ). the improved polarizing technology can make polarization more complete
文摘:壓電陶瓷的高溫極化是利用受控的場致有序化的順電鐵電相變原理，使起始極化溫度略高於樣品的居里溫度，但所需的極化電壓大大低於常規極化，僅為1 / 10 - 1 / 5 ；選擇較高的降溫升壓速率，可使極化趨于更加完全，具有常規極化工藝無可比擬的優越性。Firstly, we analyze the transient and steady character of single phase high - impedance grounding fault. secondly, based on wavelet analysis on checking mutational signal and direction high frequency protection theory, utilizing zero sequence current and module current, this paper provides a new scheme including fault starting element, fault phase selection element, directional element and main criterion. this scheme can bear high impedance and is immune to system surge and frequency warp, which gets over the shortcoming of the lack of sensitivity
由於現有的保護方案無法快速有效地切除此類故障，本文在詳細分析了單相高阻接地故障的穩態和暫態特性的基礎上，從小波分析原理出發，利用小波變換檢測突變信號的原理，以零序電流、模電流等為研究對象，結合方向高頻保護的原理，設計了一套包含啟動元件、選相元件、方向元件、主保護的保護新方案。A bt - e. coli shuttle vector pht315 was deleted its replication region of bt, then constructed a novel vector named pht315 - 1 which composed a multiple cloning site, erythromycin and ampicillin - resistance marker and could only replicated in e. coli. used pht315 - 1, a 5273 bps dna fragment carrying a novel bt plasmid replicon was isolated and registered in genbank as ay278324. sequence analysis showed that there were at least three orf ( open reading frame ) in the cloned dna encoding 501, 333, 183aas. orfl had 98 % identities with replicating related protein ori43 of bt strain hd263. the others were no homology to any published bt replicating related protein. after continuous cultured for 70h at 30 c without antibiotic selecting press. the stability of plasmid carrying cloned replicon in bt acrystalliferous mutant strain hd73 cry was more than 98 %. and growth curve also showed that the novel replicon was stable and could replicate normally
進一步序列分析表明該復制區至少有3個較大的orf ，分別編碼501 ， 333 ， 183個氨基酸。其中orf1蛋白序列與hd263復制蛋白ori43的同源性為98 ，而另外兩個orf和genbank己公布的bt復制相關蛋白無同源性。 30連續培養72h ，復制區質粒在bt無晶體突變株hd73cry ~ -中穩定性達98以上， 30h生長曲線也表明該復制區能夠在bt中穩定復制和遺傳，對受體菌株無明顯不良影響。The sequence is : non - classical ng supersaturated solid solution spinodal decomposition the variation in precipitation mechanism of 8 " phase in intermediate region is systematically investigated firstly, and it is found that with the increase of composition the precipitation characteristic transforms from that of metastable to instable region gradually
首次發現l12有序疇之間首先形成較寬的重合位置點陣，隨時間延續，重合位置點陣逐漸向ll :結構轉變，在兩有序疇之間形成反相疇界，隨后，由於合金發生分解，反相疇界被有序一無序界面替代。Below 280k the degenerated states were relieved and the electrons turned to the ordered states from the disordered, leading to the resistance increase suddenly and the transition from the cubic to the tetragonal structure
280k以後， mn原子軌道電子態的簡並被解除，電子由無序向有序狀態轉變，電阻隨溫度的降低，急劇增加，材料結構由立方相向四方相轉變。Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials : that is, they have only short - range order rather than the long - range periodicity of crystals
與晶體材料相比，非結晶體材料使原子結構發生無序變化，即：它們只有晶體的短程序列特徵，而沒有晶體結構的長期周期性特徵。Two illustrative examples, a duffing oscillator subject to a harmonic parametric control and a driven murali - lakshmanan - chua ( mlc ) circuit imposed with a weak harmonic control, are presented here to show that the random phase plays a decisive role for control function. the method for computing the top lyapunov exponent is based on khasminskii ' s formulation for linearized systems. then, the obtained results are further verified by the poincare map analysis on dynamical behavior of the system, such as stability, bifurcation and chaos
通過兩個實例，即一類參激激勵作用下的duffing系統和一類murali - lakshmanan - chua （ mlc ）電路，考察隨機相位在非反饋混沌控制中的影響與作用，利用最大lyapunov指數和poincare截面分析法證實了隨機相位確實可以用來調節系統的混沌行為，即一個小的隨機相位的擾動可能導致系統從有序轉變為無序，也可能使得系統從無序轉變為有序。Study in detail the typical case of beijing digital electronic communication technology co., ltd., further combine theory with practice and summarize the conclusion of this paper. it is so urgent for the radical requirement of market and consumption that the domestic mobile phone retail industry begins to seek a new profit increasing point and orderly development space, it is doomed that the retail of mobile phone will change step by step from the small - scale integrated normal interlocking operation
對北京迪信通電子通信技術有限公司這樣一個典型案例進行了解剖式的研究，進一步將理論與實踐相結合，並得出本文的結論：迫於市場及消費的根本需求，國內手機零售業開始尋找新的利潤增長點和有序發展空間，手機產品的零售必將從零散的、無序的、小規模的混雜經營逐步演變為統一的、規范的、具有市場拓展實力的、規模化的連鎖經營。分享友人