有效需求原則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yǒuxiàoxūqiúyuánzé]
有效需求原則 英文
principle of effective demand
  • 有 : 有副詞[書面語] （表示整數之外再加零數）: 30 有 5 thirty-five; 10 有 5年 fifteen years
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 需 : Ⅰ動詞（需要） need; want; require Ⅱ名詞1. （需用的東西） necessaries; needs 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 求 : Ⅰ動詞1 （請求; 要求） ask; beg; request; entreat; beseech : 求人幫忙 ask sb a favour; ask a favou...
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 有效 : effective; valid; efficacious
  • 需求 : needs; need; demand; requirement
  1. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  2. The second chapter firstly expounds upon some principles of incorporation clause in the b / l under c / p at common law : a clause which is directly germane to the subject matter of the bill of lading ( that is to the shipment, carriage and delivery of goods ) can and should be incorporated into the bill of lading contract ; the ancillary terms / clauses of the charter - party could not be incorporated into the bill of lading unless these ancillary terms / clauses are explained by the specific words in the charter - party or in the bill of lading ; presumed intention of charter - parties should be found by the incorporation clause ; an incorporation clause is subject to the loading, carriage and delivery of the goods ; only charter - party terms, which are usual and reason, could be included in the bill of lading etc. - 1 - based on these rules i elaborate on some terms of the charter - party which often arise disputes, for example freight clause, dead - freight clause, demurrage clause and arbitration clause etc. could be incorporated into the bill of lading or not ; if could how these clauses should be incorporated into b / l

    第二章首先闡明英美普通法中對租約提單中併入條款解釋的幾大原則：與合約標的事項直接關聯的原則； 「附屬性條款」需有效合併的原則；合併條款要尋求雙方訂約的意願；合併主要是針對與貨物運輸和貨物交付有關的內容；合併的條款必須公平合理等原則。然後根據這些原則，具體闡述租約中容易產生糾紛的條款，如運費條款、虧艙費條款、滯期費條款、仲裁條款等條款能否併入提單，如何併入提單的問題。在具體說明的過程中，也闡述了我國海商法的規定及實務中的做法，並盡可能對其進行分析，指出其中不完善之處，並試圖提出一些改進的方法。
  3. In order to make the terminal airspace moderated and consisted, and acquire the biggest capacity of airport, we must consider the influencing factors as many as possible, it is our final target to plan the airspace in beijing terminal unify. with the conditions that the current operation modes of parallel runway, approach and departure procedures and terminal airspace in beijing international airport, this article has analyzed the reasons of airspace congestion. this article also applies the theory of instrument flight procedure and utilizes the current facilities in beijing international airport. the design of flight procedures combining rnav procedures with instrument approach procedures may be accepted on some routes. it make the approach and departure procedure more effective, and increase the capacity of the airport more or less ; secondly, this article contrast the capacities of parallel runway in different methods under radar control, and make the conclusion that the parallel runway in dependent operation modes has the biggest capacity

    本文從目前首都機場平行跑道的運行方式、進離場程序、終端區空域的現狀入手，剖析了造成空域緊張的原因，應用儀表飛行程序設計的思想和原則，利用首都機場終端區現有的設施，某些航線可採用區域導航（ rnav ）程序與儀表進近程序相結合的飛行程序設計，優化了目前首都機場的進離場程序，在一定程度上增加了機場容量；其次，研究了雷達管制條件下平行跑道不同運行方式的容量對比，得出平行跑道獨立運行的容量最大，然後以這種這種運行方式，為首都機場設計出了平行跑道獨立運行的飛行程序；最後，分析北京終端區各機場空域對首都機場飛行程序安全、有效運行的制約因素，研究設計出了北京終端區規劃方案及規劃后的飛行程序和飛行方法，以達到增大機場的容量，適應未來航班量增加的需求。
  4. According to the theory, the multi - levels accounting information disclosure system is completely accorded with the relativity principle, the materiality principle, the cost - income principle ; from the practice, it can satisfy the different quest to the different user, and it can also help to the promotion of the disclosure quality and the accounting theory and practice. it had been adopted by the unite states and england for many years as an accounting convention, it is also adopted by european country such as german holland belgium, spain

    從理論上看，多層次的會計信息披露制度更符合會計的相關性原則、重要性原則、和成本效益原則；從實踐上看，它滿足了不同企業的會計信息需求者對會計信息的不同需求，更符合我國實際，有利於披露質量的提高，有利於我國會計理論與實務水平的快速提高。
  5. Agreement are carried out in a timely manner, and in particular （ but not in derogation of the generality of the foregoing ）, that any meeting of the board and every general meeting of the company has the necessary quorum throughout and is conducted in accordance with the provisions of this agreement, and shall execute and do and procure all other third parties, if necessary, to execute and do all such further acts, deeds, assurances and things as may be reasonably required so that full effect may be given to the terms and conditions of this agreement

    各股東應應其具有的與公司相關的所有表決權和其他控制權，以保證（就通過行使該等權利和權力可以保證而言）在本協議期限內任何時候，關于公司結構和組織的規定和本協議規定的公司事務的管理規則得到遵守並具有完全的效力，本協議項下要求股東採取的一切行動均已及時採取，告別是（但不得損害前述一般性原則）公司的任何董事會會議和每一次股東大會自始至終達到必需的法定人數，且根據本協議的規定召開，而且應簽署和執行，並在必要時保證所有其他第三方簽署和進行可能合理要求的一切進一步行動、契約、保證和事宜，以使本協議的條款和條件可以具有完全的效力。
  6. （ a ） each of the shareholders shall exercise all voting rights and other powers of control available to it in relation to the company so as to procure （ so far as it is able by the exercise of such rights and powers ） that at all times during the term of this agreement, the provisio concerning the structure and organisation of the company, and the regulation of its affairs set out in this agreement, are duly o erved and given full force and effect, and all actio reserved and given full force and effect, and all actio required of the shareholders under this agreement are carried out in a timely ma er, and in particular （ but not in derogation of the generality of the foregoing ）, that any meeting of the board and every general meeting of the company has the nece ary quorum throughout and is conducted in accordance with the provisio of this agreement, and shall execute and do and procure all other third parties, if nece ary, to execute and do all such further acts, deeds, a urances and things as may be reasonably required so that full effect may be given to the terms and conditio of this agreement

    各股東應應其具有的與公司相關的所有表決權和其他控制權，以保證（就通過行使該等權利和權力可以保證而言）在本協議期限內任何時候，關于公司結構和組織的規定和本協議規定的公司事務的管理規則得到遵守並具有完全的效力，本協議項下要求股東採取的一切行動均已及時採取，告別是（但不得損害前述一般性原則）公司的任何董事會會議和每一次股東大會自始至終達到必需的法定人數，且根據本協議的規定召開，而且應簽署和執行，並在必要時保證所有其他第三方簽署和進行可能合理要求的一切進一步行動、契約、保證和事宜，以使本協議的條款和條件可以具有完全的效力。
  7. According to the army operational readiness training management stipulation and the present standard, the unified subject design, the unification ascend the statistical system, the unification analysis examination and approval principle, the strict all levels of jurisdiction, facilitates each kind of information gathering, at the same time adapts the different user object information need ; depends on the army local area network, the armed forces net, realizes, between horizontally the vertical units to operation and so on data long - distance input, inquiry, report form, printing, achieves internal information true sharing ; the strict internal supervising and managing system, strengthens the information management, promptly realizes internal data automatically to report, the higher authority department can to report the information to carry on compiles, the merge and the analysis, promptly grasps each kind of resources for the correlation leader the memory, the assignment, the

    根據部隊戰備訓練管理規定和現行標準，統一科目設計、統一登統計制度、統一分析審批原則、嚴格各級權限，方便各種信息採集，同時適應不同用戶對象的信息需求;依託部隊局域網、軍網，實現橫、縱向單位間對數據的遠程錄入、查詢、報表、列印等操作，達到內部信息的真正共享;嚴格內部監管制度，強化信息管理，實現內部數據的及時自動上報，上級部門能對上報信息進行匯總、合併與分析，為相關領導及時掌握各種資源的存儲、分配、使用狀況提供依據，全面提高部隊作戰、戰備、訓練和保障的應變能力;加強對新舊數據、橫縱向數據的管理，全面分析和挖掘數據間的聯系，充分利用數據的潛在價值，為資源管理者提供快速有效的決策支持。
  8. So the contradiction of the supply and demand of the agricultural fund is prominent. chinese rural credit communes have become semi - stated financial organization after they deviated from their collaborative principles under the control of government. they cannot fulfill the financial demand of farmers with their poor management and low efficiency although farmers have thirsty will to cooperate with each other in financial aspect

    我國農村經濟的特點和農業、農戶弱勢產業、弱勢群體的地位，使農戶難以獲得商業貸款，加之農村正規金融供給的嚴重短缺，農戶資金供求矛盾非常突出，農戶有進行資金互助合作的願望，但中國農村信用社出於服從國家政治的需要，在國家幾十年的控制下已背離合作制的原則，成為準國家性質的金融機構，農信社徒有合作制之名，而無合作制之實，農信社經營虧損，效率低下，難以滿足農戶的金融需求。
  9. Production of this system in our country has deep foundations : ( 1 ) it is the inherent requirement for the principle of honesty and trustworthiness that we establish the system ; ( 2 ) establishment of this system is for overcoming the deficiency of the relieve system to creditors ’ rights, and guarantee the realization of creditors ’ rights ; ( 3 ) the establishment of the system meets the need that society should prevent debtors to escape debt, and is effective legal means of ensuring creditors ’ rights to realize

    我國債權人撤銷權制度的產生有著深刻的根據: （ 1 ）債權人撤銷權制度的設立是誠實信用原則的內在要求; （ 2 ）債權人撤銷權制度的設立是為了克服民法對債權保障救濟制度的不足，確保債權的實現; （ 3 ）債權人撤銷權制度的設立是因應社會防止債務人逃避債務之需要，保障債權實現的有效法律手段。
  10. However, the practice of this specific pattern also has some problems for the current press industry of the target market being ambiguous, the service offered not enough or considerate, the fund needed huge, the obtaining of readers " data difficult and etc. this thesis does not only make a comprehensive analysis and speculation of the membership pattern of distribution at the burgeoning stage, but illustrates the point that this kind of distribution mode is playing an increasingly more important part in the press industry, which means much theoretically and practically

    因會員制營銷具有的以雙向為原則進行溝通交流、以互利互惠為目標及較強信息控制功能的特性，報業會員制發行模式具有資格限制、促進編讀互動，適應讀者需求、調整讀者結構、培養讀者忠誠度、提高報社工作效率、增加報社廣告效益、與報社無形資產良性互動等特點和優勢，但由於目前報業會員制實施尚處「初級階段」 ，故而存在著目標市場不明確、服務深度不夠、宣傳力度較小、所需資金數額較大、客戶資料較難獲取等問題。
  11. Efficient property define need law boundery, community identify, individual rational ability, yet infact, property boundery is not complete by law boundery, it can but definitute the recognize boundery of both part, community identify has a ranking series structure due to the different social capital each estate owned, due to difference individual rationalabiliry, the part that legal property not completely defined, each individual act as self economic benefit principle, inevitably do damage to weak part, thereby require property protect from the third side, work further damage to both side

    所有權的有效界定需法律邊界、社會認同、個人理性能力三個因素。但現實中，法律界定的所有權邊界是不完全的，它只能明確行為主體雙方的認知邊界。由於各個階層擁有社會資本的不同，社會認同存在一個等級系列結構，由於個人理性能力的不同，法定所有權未完全界定的部分，各自按經濟利益原則行事，不可避免造成對弱勢方的損害，從而要求第三方的所有權保護，進一步造成行為主體雙方的損害。
  12. Based on the recent - year experiences, the trend of existing assessment standards and the prediction of future petroleum resources, this paper presents the method for evaluation of utilization benefit of petroleum resources and proposes three basic principles for geologic - economic assessment of petroleum resources such as the popular demand principle including reasonable exploitation of oil - gas reservoirs ; the full utilization principle that has been adopted by the law, which may decide the long - term economic benefits, containing rational use of petroleum resources and capital construction funds, manpower and materials ; and the profit principle of oilfield development applied for obtaining of reasonable goals for oilfield development according to complicated market conditions at home and abroad in order for obtaining the maximum profit

    摘要為了建立評價油氣資源利用效益的方法，根據近幾年的經驗和現今評價標準的發展趨勢以及對未來油氣資源的預測，提出了三項對油氣資源進行地質經濟評價的基本原則：第一是對石油天然氣普遍需求原則，這一原則本身包含了合理開發油氣藏的原則；第二是充分利用油氣資深的原則，這一原則已被法律所固定，它決定著長期的經濟效益，合理有效地利用油氣資源關繫到合理使用基本生產基金、勞動力和材料；第三是油氣田開發的利潤原理，根據復雜的國內外市場條件，確定油氣田合理的開發方向，以獲取最大的利潤。
  13. Based on efficiency principle, effective supply of government services request government to fulfil taxpayers " needs and preferences as possible as they can. then, within benefit range of public services, let government of lowest level offer public services which is the best mode ensuring effective supply

    從效率原則出發，政府服務的有效供應要求政府盡可能滿足納稅人的需要和偏好，那麼，實現有效供給的最佳方式是在公共服務的受益范圍內由最小級次的政府來提供這些公共服務。
  14. On the basis of the strategy of sustainable development, by our country ' s character of high dense population, high density use of urban land, tight concentrated form, single center tight configuration, paper applies coordinated idea of transport plan and land use plan, insists on the principle of public traffic development priority, seeks a high accessibility low demand model of land use and transport, bringi forward a new plan method of transit - oriented dev elopment to deal until connection between the effective use of urban land source and continual increasing demand of transport, thoroughly solves urban transport congest problem resulted by the imbalance of supply and demand of transport. also paper detailed analyzes and studies the concept, soit. general design principles, particularity of transit - oriented development region

    在可持續發展戰略的指導思想基礎上，論文根據我國城市人口高度密集，城市土地高密度利用，以集中緊湊型為主的布局形態，單中心圈層式緊密結構的特點，運用交通規劃與土地利用規劃的協同觀念，堅持優先發展公共交通的原則，尋求高可達性、低交通需求的土地利用? ?交通系統發展模式，提出以公共交通為導向的城市土地利用形態的新的規劃方法，處理好有效利用城市土地資源與不斷增長交通需求之間的關系，從根本上解決交通供求關系不平衡而造成的城市交通擁擠問題，並對公共交通運輸導向開發區的概念、分類、設計總則、特質作了詳細分析研究。
  15. Rent setting makes supply of rent, rent seeking makes demand of rent, both the two sides follow the principle of utility maximization while doing venture business with each other

    設租行為產生租金的供給，尋租行為產生租金的需求，供求雙方在帶有風險性的租金市場上進行交易時，遵循效用最大化原則。
  16. Moreover, a concept model for the service market, a detailed analysis on the service function on telecom products market and its economic and social benefit have been designed and made in this paper. furthermore, it formulates the developing strategies for the telecom service market in consideration of many aspects such as the developing phase and frame of the service market, service model, market strategy, combination of service and market and future developing direction, etc. the paper also analyzes the example of service system of foreign telecom suppliers. the suppliers should provide low - cost and high - value service for telecom operators, and help the operators to strengthen their core competition ability for the enterprises, at the same time, the suppliers will transfer their service model from present open model to a new value added model gradually

    本文從電信產品服務的現狀出發，深入研究了其存在的問題和採取的相關對策，設計服務市場的概念模型，詳細分析了服務對電信產品市場的作用及其所產生的經濟、社會效益，並從服務市場的開發階段、電信業的服務市場架構、服務模式、供應商的服務市場戰略、服務與市場融合及服務市場未來發展方向等方面重點闡述了電信服務市場的開發策略，並進行了相關國外電信供應商的服務體系實例分析，說明供應商應為運營客戶提供低成本、高增值的服務，協助其提升企業核心競爭力，同時供應商的服務模式也將從現有的粗放型逐步轉換成有償增值服務的新模式，通過該新模式運作力求客戶滿意與公司效益的平衡，在保證客戶滿意的原則下，既增長客戶所需求價值，又能同時增強公司的核心競爭力，力求實現客戶滿意和公司滿意的雙贏目標。
  17. By employing many of the same principles and concepts they already use to write code, developers can effectively serve as requirements engineers

    通過應用許多與他們編寫代碼時相同的原則和概念，開發人員可以有效地擔當起需求工程師的職責。
  18. From the rational edge : by employing many of the same principles and concepts they already use to write code, developers can effectively serve as requirements engineers

    來自rational edge ：通過應用許多與他們編寫代碼時相同的原則和概念，開發人員可以有效地擔當起需求工程師的職責。
  19. Through this approach, characteristic agriculture gains its survival and development in the market economy of china. specifically, the study is to develop an assessment method for the agriculture. since characteristic agriculture is based on the advantageous local resources for its development, the establishment of the assessment method has to consider the relative advantages of natural resources, economic conditions and social institutions, geographical location, ecological suitability and environmental quality

    1 ）特色農業是指在一定的經濟區域內，立足本地資源優勢，遵循因地制宜的原則，通過發展與社會需求相適應的、具有區域特色的優質農產品，形成具有很強市場競爭力和顯著經濟效益的、並具備一定生產規模和農業產業化程度的農業生產體系。
  20. The environment, transport and works bureau is responsible for studying and ascertaining the traffic needs and transport efficiency. in the light of such study, the financial services and the treasury bureau will decide whether, and if so, in what form, subsidies should be provided to allow the railway projects to comply with the principles of commercial operations

    環境運輸及工務局負責研究及確立交通需求及運輸效益，而財經事務及庫務局則按有關研究決定是否提供資助，以及假如決定資助，採用何種資助方式使鐵路項目能符合商業運作原則。
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