權責類 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [quánzélèi]
權責類
英文
type of authority and responsibility-
Sticking to the basic animus of tort law, grounding fundamental situation of our country and absorbing foreign useful theoretic productions and legislative experience properly, we relate the essence, types, responsibilities and types of tortfeasors of joint torts together organically. and the combination of them form a new and scientific institution of joint torts corresponding to today ' s social life
在堅持侵權行為法根本宗旨的前提下，針對我國的基本國情，適當借鑒國外有益的理論成果和立法經驗，從共同侵權行為的本質、類型、責任及行為人的種類等方面來入手，將創門有機地統一起來，就構成了新的科學的符合當今社會生活的共同侵權行為制度。The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation, which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences. because market manipulation is a kind of special tort, the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship. besides, this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs, how to assess the losses of the damaged party
本文第三部分「操縱市場的因果關系研究」從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，並結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，並主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破「法律要件分類說」的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。He lambasts mr blair for failing to take seriously the challenge of public morality and for concentrating power within the executive, thus leaving the house of commons “ a sort of ill - tempered hogwarts [ harry potter ' s alma mater ] ”
他對布萊爾的行為極為不滿，嚴厲斥責他未能正視來自社會公德層面的挑戰，還讓行政部門獨攬大權，架空下議院，使其成了「類似於兇險的霍格華茲魔法學院，即哈利波特的母校」那樣的機構。The dispartment of the reform of the state - owned enterprises causes many structural problems : it makes the government not treat all kinds of enterprise impartially and play the role of public management ; it undermines the efficiency in the management of the state - owned properties because the government sets overfull targets for the enterprises ; it causes the agent of enterprises cannot be put into effect and the government takes on unlimited duty
我國政企不分造成的體制弊端主要有：政企不分，使政府難以公正對待各類企業，承擔起公共管理者的角色；由於政府為企業設置過多的目標，降低了國有資本運營效率；所有權與經營權不分，企業法人財產不落實，政府承擔著無限責任。It starts with the definition of director, pointing out that director refers to the principal who has the rights to attend directorate meetings, participate in decision - making of company ' s important management affair and delegate the company, including board chairman, vice board chairman, executive director, director, administrative officer and syndic. at the same time, this article takes the legal status of director ( namely the relationship between director and company ) for the basis of establishing director liability. this kind of relationship has many theories such as entrustment, deputing and commission regarding to different legal culture tradition of different countries
文章從董事的概念、分類入手，認為董事是指有權出席董事會、參與公司重大經營事務決策、可對外代表公司的負責人，包括董事長、副董事長、執行董事、董事、行政長官、理事等，同時，認為董事的法律地位（即董事與公司的之間的關系）是我們確立董事責任的基礎，而其關系視各國法律文化傳統之不同有信託、代理、委任等諸多學說，都各有其道理，但筆者認為應定位為「法定」更為妥當。The guardian of the land of an heir who is thus under age, shall take from the land of the heir nothing but reasonable produce, reasonable customs, and reasonable services, and that without destruction or waste of men or goods ; and if we have committed the wardship of the lands of any such minor to the sheriff, or to any other who is responsible to us for its issues, and he has made destruction or waster of what he holds in wardship, we will take of him amends, and the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet men of that fee, who shall be responsible for the issues to us or to him to whom we shall assign them ; and if we have given or sold the wardship of any such land to anyone and he has therein made destruction or waste, he shall lose that wardship, and it shall be transferred to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall be responsible to us in like manner as aforesaid
未成年繼承人的監護人僅可從該繼承人的封地獲取合理的物產、合理的賦稅及合理的役務，並不得濫用空耗人力物力；如我們委託郡長或任何其他就該土地孳息對我們負責之人以監護未成年人之土地，而此人濫用監護土地，則我們必將責成其作出賠償，同時將封地委託當地兩名守法賢明之士代為管理，由該二人就土地孳息向我們或我們指定的人負責；如我們已將任何此類土地的監護授予或售與他人，而此人濫用監護土地，則立即喪失監護權，封地交由當地兩名守法賢明之士管理，如前所述向我們負責。From year 2000 through 2002, mr. whang worked at ahn law firm, a private law firm located in houston, texas, and primarily engaged in the areas of immigration, civil litigations, business law, and real estate law. during his employment, mr. whang handled cases with great devotion and vigorously prosecuted and defended complex litigations
黃律師于畢業后先為休市的安權律師事務所工作，專門負責該所的移民業務及訴訟準備及開庭，之後加入本所黃律師文筆流暢，在職業類移民方面有相當獨到的經驗及見解，是一位相當難得優秀的律師5 the person ( s ) in charge of the activity, e. g., plant maintenance, construction, etc., shall ensure that any individual that has the authority and responsibility for the erection, inspection, and disassembly of scaffolding is competent to do so
負責這類工作的人（例如工廠維修人員、建築人員等）必須確保有權利和責任從事腳手架安裝、檢查和拆卸的任何人員都必須勝任其工作。To add " there are many loopholes in the operation and sales practices of telecommunications service providers, " after " that, as " ; to add " and such complaints from the public are often not followed up effectively by government departments, " after " in recent years, " ; to add " stipulate corresponding penalties " after " to cover pay television, " ; and to add " ; furthermore, as the hong kong housing authority has signed agreements with pay television operators, these operators can enter the buildings to set up and maintain communal aerial systems and can deploy front - line promoters to approach the residents to sell other various commercial services, using the provision of exclusive maintenance and supply services as a selling point and adopting unscrupulous means to entice or mislead the residents into signing an agreement with them, causing great disturbance to the residents ; in this connection, the government must adopt measures to combat such sales malpractices, take the initiative to inform public rental housing tenants of the rights and responsibilities of the operators and, when the operators resort to malpractices or malpractices are reported by residents, take immediate action to investigate the matter and issue warning to and penalize the operators concerned ; the government must also review the problem of inequity in accessing system information by consumers and the telecommunications service providers, whereby consumers have no means or right to obtain true and accurate information about the systems that they are using and can only pay the fees according to the volume, system and time slots of their calls shown on the records provided unilaterally by the service providers, and in case of queries about such information, the decision of the service providers prevails and there is no channel for the consumers to dispute or verify ; to this end, the government should expeditiously study how to ensure that consumers have the rights to know, choose, verify, appeal and claim for compensation in the provision of telecommunications services including pay television, local and cross - boundary telecommunications and internet services " after " in the contracts "
在"鑒于"之後加上"各電訊服務提供者的營運和銷售存在不少漏洞， "在"不斷增加， "之後加上"而市民的投訴又往往得不到政府部門的有效跟進處理， "在"收費電視， "之後加上"訂定相應的罰則， "及在"標準合約條款"之後加上"此外，由於香港房屋委員會與收費電視營辦商簽訂協議，該等營辦商可進入大廈鋪設及維修公共天線系統，並調派前線銷售人員，以獨家提供維修及供應服務作為招徠，向住戶推銷其他各種商業服務，以不當手法誘使或誤導住戶與他們簽約，對居民造成很大困擾就此，政府必須採取措施打擊上述違規營銷的手法，並主動告知公屋住戶該等營辦商的權責范圍，遇有營辦商作出違規的行為或居民舉報營辦商的違規行為時，須立即追查，並向有關營辦商發出警告及作出處分政府亦須檢討現時消費者與電訊服務供應商所獲系統資訊並不對等的問題，即消費者無從及無權得知他們所選用系統的真實資料，令他們只能按服務供應商單方面提供有關通話量通話系統及通話時段的記錄繳交費用，遇有消費者質疑上述資料時，往往只由服務供應商作最終決定，消費者無從申辯或查證就此，本會促請政府盡快研究如何就各類電訊服務包括收費電視本地及跨境電訊網際網路等的提供，確保消費者享有知情權選擇權覆核權投訴權及索償權" 。Torts can be divided into three categories depending on whether liability is based on intent, on negligence, or is absolute or strict without either intent or negligence
侵權可根據侵權責任的不同分為三類，故意侵權責任，過失侵權責任，絕對侵權責任或無過錯嚴格侵權責任。The user ' s liability is the basic type of the tort liability law which should be speculated in our tort liability law
摘要使用人責任是侵權責任法的基本類型，我國制定侵權法應予規定。As for the liability for copyright infringement by internet service providers ( isps ), which have already been put forward in fact very early and before, however, can not get good resolution in legislation, judicature and theories field in our country, especially the types and limitations of liability for copyright infringement.
關于網路服務提供者（ isp ）的著作權侵權責任問題，其實很早之前就已經被提出來了。但是，有關isp著作權侵權的責任類型和責任限制問題，在我國的立法、司法和理論界卻一直未能得到很好的解決。On one aspect, through long - term judicial precedent, the united states has been tallied up three types of liability for copyright infrigement by isps, they are direct copyright liability, contributory copyright liability, and vicarious copyright liability ; on the other aspect, title ii of the dmca adds a new section 512 to the copyright act to create five limitations on liability for copyright infringement by isps, which is called “ safe harbors ”, finding out an understanding to definitely break for the problem of beneficial equilibrium in copyright protection, which has already perplexed educational circles for a long time
在isp著作權侵權的責任類型方面，美國經過長期的司法判例實踐，總結了直接侵權責任、輔助侵權責任和替代侵權責任三種;在isp著作權侵權的責任限制方面，美國的dmca在其第二部分規定了五種「安全港」 ，為長期以來困擾學界的著作權保護利益平衡問題找到了解決的突破口。Therefore, with characteristics of various internet services provided by isps, and the association between isps and copyright infringement for cushion, this text will deeply elaborate different types and limitations of liability for copyright infringement by isps, in order to find out ways of thinking for ascertaining its infringement liability
因此，本文以isp所提供的各種網路服務的特點、及其與著作權侵權之間的聯系為鋪墊，深入分析和闡述了isp著作權侵權的不同責任類型和責任限制，以求為其侵權責任的最終確定找到解決思路。The main innovation of this essay includes : through the discussion of information asymmetry, externality, effective prevention, effective trust, the rule paradox of responsibility of independent auditing is made from the perspective of efficiency ; through the research on the implement of contract system, the structure of all types of independent auditing responsibility and their scope are probed ; the evolution of responsibility structure from ethics orientation to law orientation is analyzed by citing the related history of u. s. a and u. k to prove the point that the structure of the independent auditing responsibilities should reflect the rights and responsibilities of social economy and its change ; the structure unbalance of the independent auditing responsibilities in our country is analyzed. the problem of unbalance includes three aspects, which are the obscure scope of responsibility or non - responsibilities, the lack of moral responsibility, and the structure unbalance of legal duty system
本文的主要創新在於：通過對信息不對稱、外部性、有效預防與有效信賴的研究，從效率的角度提出了獨立審計責任規則悖論；通過對獨立審計履約機制研究探討獨立審計責任類型構成及其各自的范圍；以英美為例通過分析獨立審計責任結構由道德責任為主向法律責任為主的演變，印證獨立審計責任結構應當反映社會經濟權責結構及其變化，揭示獨立審計責任結構之變遷；分析了中國獨立審計責任存在結構性失衡問題，主要體現在責與非責、道德責任缺失以及法律責任體系結構失衡三個方面，並從獨立審計需求角度著手思考與獨立審計責任結構有關的責任安排。Part three uses the basic theory of civil law to discuss the nature and the means of the civil liability of insider trading, and holds that the liability is the civil liability of tort but not the civil liability for breach of contract or other kinds of liabilities
第三部分則運用民法基本理論討論了內幕交易民事責任性質與責任方式問題。在責任性質的判定上指出了契約責任說、締約過失責任說以及獨立類型說的不足、不當和不利之處，認為侵權責任說是較為科學適當的學說。The plan lays out clear guidelines for the epd and other government departments on their responsibilities and lines of communication in such cases, and enables action to be taken directly and quickly. for serious incidents the plan requires the epd to send out an emergency inspection team ; but in all cases, it specifies how the epd should handle its response and the steps it should take
計劃訂立明確的指引，指定環保署迅速處理類似污染事件的應變程序及列出應採取的措施，亦清晰界定環保署及其它政府部門在處理事件時的權責及溝通程序，以便各方迅速地採取行動。The second product is in the form of multi - class mbs with credit - enhancement provided through segmentation of the issue into senior and junior tranches commonly known as collateralized mortgage obligation or cmo, over - collateralization or reserve fund arrangements
第二類是多級別按揭證券信貸增方法包括拆分證券為高級及次級通稱為抵押按揭權責，預留資金，超額抵押及上述組合等。A corporation is treated as distinct from the persons ( referred to as shareholders ) who created it, and therefore the shareholders enjoy limited liability and the corporation has the right to own property, enter contracts, and bring suit, similar to those given to individuals
公司與創立公司的股東不能同等看待，股東享有有限責任，而公司擁有一定的法律權力，譬如佔有財產的權力，簽訂合同和提出訴訟的權力，即同賦予個人的權力類似。Comparing three theories about the legal character of the civil liability for insider trading, the thesis confirms this kind of civil liability is a special civil liability based on the liability for tort. next, the author discusses the principle of liability attribution
通過對證券內幕交易民事責任契約說，侵權說和特殊類型說的比較、分析，本文認定證券內幕交易民事責任是一種架構在侵權責任基礎上的特殊類型的民事責任。分享友人