正態成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhēngtàichéngběn]
正態成本 英文
normal cost
  • 正 : 正名詞（正月） the first month of the lunar year; the first moon
  • 態 : 名詞1. （形狀; 狀態） form; condition; appearance 2. [物理學] （物質結構的狀態或階段） state 3. [語言學] （一種語法范疇） voice
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  1. This drilling adopts crank connecting link and walking beam percussion mechanism, which make the drilling possess two percussive functions, normal drilling takes connecting link impact as main mode, when encountering special situation and the connecting link impact can not drill, it can transform into hoisting impact, the stroke length can be modulated, it realizes automatic percussive drilling due to continuous operating of connecting link percussive mechanism, these can enhance drilling efficiency and relieve labor intensity ; it adopts pumping reverse circulation to drain slag, which not only resolves the drilling difficulty in special stratum such as pebble and gravel stratum and hard stratum, but also resolves the problem that the percussive drill ' s efficiency is low ; it adopts spur gear differential mechanism as double cylinders lazy tongs of main hoist, which not only ensures the balance state of drilling tool, but also reduces the mechanical design, and reduces the cost ; the bottom plate traveling motion of this drilling machine adopts walking type ; the drilling tower adopts hydraulic pressure uprising, and reduces the assistant operating time

    該鉆機採用曲柄連桿、游梁式沖擊機構，使鉆機具有兩種沖擊功能;正常鉆進以連桿沖擊為主，遇到特殊情況，用連桿沖擊不能鉆進時，可轉為卷揚沖擊，沖程可調，因連桿沖擊機構連續工作，所以實現了自動沖擊鉆進，可提高鉆進效率，減輕勞動強度;採用泵吸反循環的方式排渣，既能有效解決卵礫石地層、堅硬地層等特殊地層鉆進的困難，又很好地解決了沖擊鉆機效率低下的問題;採用直齒圓柱齒輪差速機構作為主卷揚的雙筒同步機構，既保證了鉆具處于平衡狀態，又大大簡化了該機構設計，降低了成本;該鉆機底盤行走移位採用步履式;鉆塔採用液壓起立，減少了輔助作業時間。
  2. Following the research route of mend with study and development with creation, give the definition of risk and the methods of risk identifying, divide the risk attitude into risk loving, risk neutralism and risk avoiding, point out the importance of enhancing the risk consciousness for lightning hazard, and summarize the mechanisms of lightning hazard the theories and methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard. provide a set of risk assessment parameters for lightning hazard, which includes lightning times n, hazard probability p, hazard loss d, hazard risk r and protection efficiency e, and give the definition, decisive factor, value method and value scope of each parameter. establish a risk assessment model for lightning hazard which includes lightning hazard base module, lightning hazard probability module, lightning hazard loss module, lightning hazard accepted risk module, lightning protection cost module, correcting coefficient module, lightning hazard risk module, and lightning protection class and efficiency module

    遵循借鑒改造和發展創新的研究思路，給出了風險的定義和風險識別的方法，將風險態度分為風險喜好型、風險中庸型和風險逃避型，指出了提高雷電災害風險意識的重要性，總結了雷電災害的作用機制和雷電災害風險評估的理論與方法；提供了包括雷擊次數n 、雷災概率p 、雷災損失d 、雷災風險r和雷電防護級別與防護效率e等5類基本參數的雷電災害風險評估參數體系，並給出了各個參數的定義、參數的決定因素和取值方法以及取值范圍；設計了包括雷電災害基礎模塊、雷電災害概率評估模塊、雷電災害損失評估模塊、雷電災害允許風險評估模塊、雷電防護成本評估模塊、校正系數模塊、雷電災害風險評估模塊、雷電防護級別與效率分析模塊等8個模塊的雷電災害風險評估模型，評估模型以iec61662的評估模型為基本參考，以雷災損失d為中心，把雷災風險劃分為經濟雷災風險r _ e和人身雷災風險r _ l ，並對r _ e和r _ l分開單獨處理。
  3. Under these circumstances, we cooperate with computer specialists for the purpose of researching and developing a new method which answers the needs of prosthodontics, which covers the information disposition work of the prosthodontics office in clinical activities, in personnel files management, in storehouse property management, in economic cost accounting and so on, and which solves the problems of relative information ' s construction, disposition, storage, inquiry, statistics and dynamic monitor forthwith with advanced information technology

    正是在這種狀況下，我們和計算機專業人員合作，旨在研究和建立完全符合口腔修復科專業要求，能夠涵蓋修復科在臨床醫療活動、人事檔案管理、庫房資產管理、經濟成本核算等相關活動中需要解決的信息處理問題，將相關信息的構建、處理、存儲、查詢、統計、實時動態監控等操作以先進的信息技術處理方式加以解決。
  4. As far as china is concerned, it is now experiencing the transition from the planning economy to a socialist market economy. china ' s institutional disequilibrium in this time period has its own characteristics in extents, forms, effects and causes. in china, the high political and ideological cost of institutional innovation is one of the most important causes of institutional disequilibrium

    中國從計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉軌的這一過渡時期的制度非均衡具有以下幾個特點：制度非均衡普遍存在、制度供給過剩嚴重、制度創新的政治和意識形態成本高、收入分配效應大、非正式制度與正式制度沖突大等。
  5. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  6. The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say, there are four mechanisms, namely economies of scale, economies of scope, internalization of externalities and learning effect, which optimize the allocation of resources. monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost. some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation

    其次，壟斷具有正的效應：從靜態效率來看，壟斷存在四種優化資源配置的機制（規模經濟機制、范圍經濟機制、外部性內化機制和學習效應機制） ；壟斷有利於機會成本的降低，從而可以提高社會經濟活動的效率；從動態效率來看，一定程度的壟斷有利於技術進步和人力資本的積累，因而是動態有效的。
  7. Adopts vdsm process technology however two outstanding problems are faced to ic layout design when the feature size reaches to 0. 18 m or lower : 1. timing convergence problem seriously affects the circuits schedule, and the interconnect - delay has exceeded more than 70 % of the total circuits ’ delay. 2. si problem, usually it consists two aspects of ir - drop and crosstalk. these problems often affect the chip function after tapout

    本篇論文就是針對超深亞微米階段soc晶元後端設計所面臨的挑戰，提出了運用連續收斂的布局布線策略，尤其是虛擬原型的設計理論，來快速驗證布局，進而提高布線的成功率，並且提出了一種改進的布局評估模型，提高對soc晶元預測布線的準確度;同時，對于時鐘驅動元件選擇，文中提出了一種基於正態分佈模型來達到更有效的選取。
  8. The payer or stakeholder can use these practice patterns and coordinating instruments to manage inappropriate or unusual behavior, and thus develop different claim auditing procedures to overcome the growth in health expenditures, which has advantages for both beneficiaries and third party - payers

    在實務的應用上，醫療給付者面對日益增加的醫療費用，可運用診療型態分群于日常費用審核過程的分類及異常篩選，以降低管理成本，並善用協調工具揭露同儕比較訊息讓醫療供給者自我修正行診療行為，進而降低不必要的醫療費用支出。
  9. On the basis of the above summary the creativities of the sharing systems of the shanxi merchants are discussed : ( 1 ) concentrating capital was the result of the average division in the form of organizing capital not the foremost motivation, witch was in fact in order to ensure the rights and benefits of shareholders ; ( 2 ) introducing labor - sharing system was the measure which the shanxi merchants adopt to the rise of the price of labor factor relative to that of capital factor in qing dynasty ; the labor - sharing system promoted the increase of profits of the shanxi merchants " enterprises greatly. however, that effectiveness came into existence only in normal condition. if enterprises were into the red or drawing near bankruptcy the labor - sharing system would otherwise steep up the decline of the enterprises

    在此基礎上，對晉商股份制的上述創新進行了討論：集中資本是資本股份化的結果，而不是最初動因，內在動因是維護股東權益；在收益股份化的基礎上，引入頂身股制是清代晉商企業應對勞動要素價值相對提高的舉措；頂身股制極大地促進了晉商企業利潤的增加，但這僅限於企業處于正常經營狀態時，當企業面臨虧損或瀕臨倒閉，頂身股制反而會加速企業的衰亡；晉商產權制度創新（包括產權結構、組織結構的創新）迫於清代晉商企業的內外部條件變化，具體形式的產權制度是創新主體面對環境變化從成本收益角度出發仔細斟酌、權衡的結果。
  10. Lots of research results are obtained in this field, though which are always based on two assumptions : one is that process variables are subjected to multivariate normal distribution ; the other is that samples are subjected to independent and identical distribution ( iid )

    在此領域雖已獲得了大量成果，但研究基本上是在過程檢測數據服從多元正態分佈和獨立同分佈的兩個假設下進行的。
  11. The thesis consist of six chapters and based on the way of propose the question, analysis, then get the solution. it discussed and recognized what the ship transportation cost was in chapter one ; studied the environment and growing trend of the cost in chapter two ; fully discussed and demonstrated the voyage variable costs and controlling method, proposed a mathematic decision model of fuel supplying and get through the validation, proposed the concept of risking cost and addressing many controlling measures to it in chapter three ; discussed a certain running costs, proposed and validated a mathematic model of condition - based maintenance, and put forward many practical controlling method of running costs such as crew payment, repairs, spare parts, stores and lub oils in chapter four ; combining a case of monthly running cost budget and verification, performed a useful learning on running cost budget, forecast and verification in chapter five ; finally fully studied the method of cost - calculating and benefit - analyzing of time chartering container ships on a proposed route

    第一章主要討論並認清什麼是船舶運輸成本；第二章研究了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，提出了燃油補給方案的決策模型並給出了模型的驗證過程，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用、維修保養費用、備件、潤物料費用等幾個主要的可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相應的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶運輸營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討；第六章結合具體案例對期租班輪的成本測算與效益分析方法進行了細致的研究。
  12. In the market economy, because of being influenced by the inherent blemish of the market mechanism and part condition, market will be failure in many realms ; the macroscopic is failure, and the performance is balance of the total supply and demand ; the public product is failure, and the performance is the balance the public section, for example the municipal developments, ecosystem and environmental protection etc. fair competition is out of order, and the performance is the monopoly that there is only one or several supplier in the market

    在市場經濟中，由於市場機制內在的缺陷和局部條件的影響，市場在很多領域都會出現失靈：宏觀性失靈，表現為總供求關繫上的失衡；公共性失靈，表現在市政建設、生態環保等公共部門的產品失衡；公平競爭失靈表現在，市場上的幾家或獨家供應商的壟斷；外在性失靈，表現在市場主體的活動給外部帶來損失，造成社會成本大於私人成本；分配性失靈，單純依靠市場機制的自發作用難以實現完全公正的收入分配等等。
  13. Take the marxism as the important content and the theory instruction socialism ideology, is our country society ' s mainstream ideology, but in the new historical period, the socialism ideology is facing social reforming, the system innovation, the members of different social classes thought idea change and the economical globalization and so on many impacts and the challenge which brings, therefore, how further advances our country ideology construction, consolidates and strengthens the marxism in the ideology domain instruction status is important issue which the time proposed, only then persists pace with time, requests by the time comprehensively to carefully examine the new situation and the challenge which the current ideology construction faces, by the judgment science which develops grasps the mainstream ideology the essential connotation and the law of development, by the spirit which innovates positively impels the mainstream ideology the theory consummation and the practice innovation, can make our country mainstream ideology to maintain the vigorous vitality and the exuberant vigor throughout

    以馬克思主義為重要內容和理論指導的社會主義意識形態，是我國社會的主流意識形態，但在新的歷史時期，社會主義意識形態正面臨著社會轉型，體制創新，社會成員思想觀念變化及經濟全球化等帶來的諸多沖擊與挑戰，因此，如何進一步推進我國意識形態建設，鞏固和加強馬克思主義在意識形態領域的指導地位是時代提出的重大課題，只有堅持與時俱進，以時代的要求全面審視當前意識形態建設所面臨的新的情況與挑戰，以發展的眼光科學把握主流意識形態的本質內涵和發展規律，以創新的精神積極推動主流意識形態的理論完善與實踐創新，才能使我國主流意識形態始終保持蓬勃的生機和旺盛的活力。
  14. In this paper i calculate the reasonable possession quantity of port handling machineries with chance - constrained linear programming. first in the paper is the background and meaning of this research ; then analysis present situation of port machinery management both in practice and theory ; in chapter 3, i qualitatively discusses characters influencing machinery quantity, which include lifting ton, intact rate and using rate, age of machinery, machinery purchase and working cost and so on. in chapter 4, i take the influencing characters to mathematic model of chance - constrained linear programming, aiming to maintain the need of production and reduce machinery cost

    文章首先介紹了選題的背景、意義以及主要工作；第2章介紹了港口機械管理在港口企業管理中的地位與作用，以及我國港口機械設備管理與配置現狀，並簡要介紹目前港機合理擁有量的理論研究方法；第3章從技術與經濟角度定性分析了各種因素對港機擁有量的影響，其中主要包括機械起運量、完好率與利用率、機械設備役齡、購置與營運成本等；第4章將各種影響因素引入模犁，提出以完成生產任務、機械成本最低為目標，應用隨機線性規劃模型計算港口流動機械合理擁有量的方法；第5章以大連港大港區為例對模型進行應用，選擇四種型號叉車為研究對象，對其歷史經濟與技術數據進行統計分析，其中重點對隨機變量單位臺時維修費用進行了正態分佈擬合。
  15. At the same time, several practical algorithms, included nipals and simpls, were proposed and their main s as codes were given in appendices. through comparing four techniques of outlier test with each other, we summarized their respective advantages and disadvantages of each techniques and clarify the their distinct usages

    同時，也簡要介紹了偏最小二乘回歸的四種離群點檢測方法，即偏f檢驗、殘差圖與正態分位數圖、主成份圖（ t t圖） 、樣本點貢獻圖。
  16. The paper is an attempt to put forward fitting julyk distribution curve by statistic histogram curves fitting based on area constraint and to estimate whether sample data meet normal distribution or not

    摘要提出利用基於面積約束的統計直方圖密度擬合方法把試捲成績樣本數據擬合成一條連續的曲線，並判斷樣本數據是否符合正態分佈。
  17. The theory of white box is a prerequisite for cost utility control under the fms condition, but it will lose its operational bases without the principles of cost utility analysis and the determination of utility differences. toc provide the new cost theory with a new melt point of cost control and its environments. without toc, the differences of cost utility will be meaningless

    隨著新的成本控制環境的形成，以成本性態研究為基礎的白箱論應運而生，這是進行現代成本效用控制的必要條件，但白箱論如果沒有成本效用分析原理關于成本效用差異的科學界定，就會失去其必要的操作性基礎，這也正是白箱論尚沒有發揮其應有效果的主要原因。
  18. On the other hand, we accomplished the asic design flow successfully based on the fpga design. we have made the most use of various optimization methodology and simulation tools include dynamic simulation, static timing analyzing and post simulation. at last this design net list was past to layout design team in order to check its electronic characters

    在我們的asic流程中，首要的因素是在fpga驗證其正確性的基礎上對速度與面積進行科學有效的平衡，在成本和性能中間取得良好的結合點，運用先進的eda設計工具和演算法對設計進行綜合優化（ synthesis ） ，動態時序分析（ dynamicsimulation ） ，靜態時序模擬（ sta ）到自動布局布線（ apr ）之後將寄生參數反標回前面的步驟進行更精確的判斷和分析，最後交給版圖設計人員進行版圖設計和優化。
  19. We build the expression of total expected annual cost when the demand is normal distribution, simultaneous order quantity, order point and lead time to minimize the total expected annual cost

    在市場需求服從正態分佈條件下建立年總成本表達式，並同時決策訂貨量、訂貨點和提前期使年總成本最小。
  20. We proved there ' s a global optimal policy which minimizes the expected total annual inventory cost when the lead time demand is normal distribution and develop effective iterative procedures for finding the optimal solution

    證明當提前期需求服從正態分佈時，存在唯一的全局最優訂貨量、訂貨點和提前期，使年總成本最小。
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