法律上的爭點 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎlǜshàngdezhēngdiǎn]
法律上的爭點 英文
issue of law
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 爭 : Ⅰ動詞1 （力求得到或達到; 爭奪） contend; vie; compete; struggle for; strive 2 （爭執; 爭論） argu...
  • 點 : Ⅰ名詞1 （液體的小滴） drop （of liquid） 2 （細小的痕跡） spot; dot; speck 3 （漢字的筆畫「、」）...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  1. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  2. Chapter iv introduces the common doctrine that there is not a de jure stare decisis in the dsm according to the text of the wto, the viewpoint of appellate body and the allegation of some scholars, and then questions the reasons by which of the common doctrine excludes the system of stare decisis. this chapter continues to examine the practice of wto adjudic

    第四章首先根據wto的約文、上訴機構的觀點和學者們的主張，闡述了在wto爭端解決中不存在法律上先例制度的通說，並對學說上主張wto排斥先例制度的理由提出質疑，進而通過考察wto爭端解決實踐，得出了wto爭端解決中存在事實上遵循先例的結論，並進一步探討了在wto爭端解決中確立正式先例制度的意義和必要性以及諸先例之間的位階關系等問題。
  3. Along with the arrival of knowledge - based economy ages, the standard has become the marking of competition in the high and new technique realm, become the tallest law form that a patent technique pursues. in the proceding of technical progress, war, againsting standard, had taken place from time to time in the histry, the result of this kind of war is that who will obtain the privilege to rule the world if he win the war. as to present china, it has proved that her standard legal institutions are unadaptable to the trend of economy ’ s globalization and the development of high and new technology. this article introduced the concept, characteristic, categorize and histry of the standardize, the contents analyzed the most important characteristics of the standardize is that there are a systematic patent rights to support it behind it, there is a close relation between standardize and patent right. the article intruduces the relation, existing between standardize and patent right, elaborate in detail how enterprise make use of it to start standardized strategy

    在技術的進步過程中，歷史已上演了一次又一次的標準戰爭，這種戰爭的結果是得標準者得天下。但我國現有有關標準化的法律尚不能與全球經濟一體化進程和高新技術飛速發展相適應。從標準化的概念、特徵、分類及發展史等內容介紹開始，分析了標準化最為重要的特點是標準化背後有著一系統的專利權作為支撐，標準化和專利權有著千絲萬縷的聯系，對標準化和專利權的密切關系及企業如何利用其密切聯系開展各種標準化戰略作了詳細地闡述。
  4. This thesis deals with legal issues concerning bot from four aspects : the first part devoted to a general analysis of bot - related legal issues, in particular the legal relationships involved in bot projects, and the differences between bot and other investment modes. the second part gives a analysis on the core document - accession agreement and its legal nature - a widely controversial issue. a conclusion is drawn the such agreement falls within the scope of domestic administrative contract

    首先，文章對bot方式的一般理論，尤其是其所涉及的法律關系及其與其他投資方式的f飛碩士學位論文助誦示ym人snr 』 s門正m異同，作了較詳盡的分析：在此基礎上，文章第二部分對t方式所涉及的核心文件一特許權協議的法律性質這一素有爭議的問題進行了探討，采納了其應屬于國內行政合同的觀點。
  5. On the basis of above - mentioned analysis, this article has studied the discovery system about its subject, liabilities and content in theory. meanwhile considering the actual situation of criminal litigation in our coun try, with reference to the scientific and reasonable elements of overseas adversary systems, the article has constituted and designed a complete discovery system, including the time, place, measures, methods of discovery, the limitation, exception, the examination of disputes and the legal effect of breach of discovery system

    同時，本文結合我國刑事訴訟的特點和司法現狀，在借鑒、吸收國外當事人主義證據展示制度中科學、合理的要素基礎上，對我國證據展示的程序，包括展示的時間、地點、方法、方式，限制、例外、爭議的審查及違反證據展示制度的法律後果等作了較為全面的構建和設計。
  6. A completive, open, transparent administrative system of government may rise the rate of using public fund and promote government administration and public service in good faith and clean. in the view of administration to study and standard the act of government procurement, control the power of government

    政府采購管理的法制化是我國行政法治建設的重要組成部分，一個競爭、透明、統一的政府采購制度可以提高公共資金的使用效率，促進政府管理和公共服務的誠實廉潔。行政法學對政府采購制度的研究視角以規范政府采購行為、控制政府權力為切入點，從政府采購的一般理論出發對政府采購制度予以行政法意義上的法律分析。
  7. In addition, the case is also serious in abuse and false using of geographical indications, thus undermine the reputation and image of geographical indications. the fourth section is a highlight of innovation of the article. this part mainly analyzes and assesses the legislative mode of several geograph

    第四部分是本文的創新點，該部分首先對目前世界上主要的幾種地理標志立法保護模式進行了評析，指出我國目前以商標法為主，輔之以反不正當競爭法等法律的保護模式雖有一定的合理性，但無論是理論上還是在實踐中都存在許多無法解決的問題，其保護水平也無法達到trips協議的要求。
  8. At last, the paper analyses chinese manage system of national defense scientific research, give some advice that weaken the disadvantage influence of asymmetric information : in the aspect of the management direction idea, giving priority to technology and efficiency, other appraisement standard being assistant, to make up of multi - ply appraisement standard system ; to consummate invite public bidding ; to implement the management system of national defense that navy, air force, army unite to implement national defense scientific research ; to carry out the scientific research " s outlay management system of " render an account - drawing " ; to maintain competition of the management of national defense scientific research ; to develop international cooperate of national defense scientific research and commerce, realize civil - military two - using ; to implement law - code of national defense scientific research, strengthen the rule of law idea

    最後，文章對我國的國防科研管理體制現狀進行了分析，並對如何減弱信息不對稱的不利影響提出了幾點建議：在國防科研管理指導思想上，以技術和效率為主導，結合其他評價標準，形成多層次的評價標準體系；完善國防科研招標管理體制；實行三軍聯合研究的科研管理體制；實行「報帳提款制」的科研經費管理體制；保持國防科研項目實施過程中一定程度的競爭；開展國際科研合作與貿易，實現軍民兩用；完善國防科研的法律、法規體系建設，增強法治觀念。
  9. After exposing the internal relations of competition and cooperation among the parties of the joint venture the author studies the management of joint venture from internal aspects and project management through the aspects of maintaining trust, creating internal culture, managing internal resources and managing the major element of joint venture together with the process of joint venture. then the author attains importance on description two new cooperative modes in the world - - - - - partnering and alliancing - - - - and analyzes and exposes the trend of contracting joint venture on the market of international contracting projects. finally in the thesis the author proposes the strategies of chinese construction enterprises ’ establishing joint venture, implementing joint venture, being on the new position of international contracting project ’ s market and gives beneficial ideas about the application of project contracting joint venture in order that chinese construction enterprises are plowing in the market of international contracting projects

    在論文中，對聯營體的概念、主體和法律特徵、特點、成因和類型等一般特徵進行詳盡分析;從聯營體的組建目的和原則、夥伴選擇、組織架構確立及聯營協議等聯營體組建最核心的方面進行了論述，並提出了一些有可操作性的標準、原則和步驟;在揭示聯營體內部競爭與合作關系的基礎上，從保持合作信任、構建聯營體內部文化、聯營體內部資源管理、聯營體運營過程中的主要管理元素等管理要點對聯營體的內部管理和項目管理的要素進行論述;然後，論文主要介紹了目前世界上兩種新型的合作模式，即partnering和alliancing模式，並分析和揭示了在國際工程承包市場上，聯營體這種經營模式發展的趨勢;在以上分析研究的基礎上，提出了我國建築企業在組建聯營體、運營聯營體、應對新形勢時應採取的策略。
  10. The research on the incentive mechanism, whose difficulty and stress focuses on the design of the compensation mechanism, includes the proportion of the salary, bonus, stock option and selection of the target of firm performance, etc. because of the flaws in the marked mechanism and corporate governance in our country, we need think more over, such as the object of the applied, stock option and the internal & external environments in the design of the soe operator ' s annual salary system

    從國外在該領域的研究成果來看，目前經營者年薪制設計的難點和重點集中在報酬結構的設計，即工資、獎金、期權收入的設計及比例、經營者業績考核指標的選擇、激勵強度的實證分析和信息揭示效率的研究等方面。我國由於在市場競爭機制、公司內部法人治理結構、法律環境完善等方面存在缺陷，使得國有企業經營者的報酬設計除了上述各方面外，還須對經營者年薪制的實施對象、期權設計、內外環境進行分析。
  11. About system of supervision organizations, on the basis of dialectical law of regulation - - - innovation - - - regulation, function - based financial supervision system should be built up and the national financial supervision bureau should be set up to regulate financial trade uniformly and solve the problem of supervising financial innovations. what " more, we should build up such a cubical financial supervision organization system that integrate the financial authority " supervision with financial trade self - discipline, social supervision and discipline of inner financial institutions. at the same time, we should organically integrate stability and flexibility of financial supervision law, change legal system of financial supervision in line with provisions of wto

    在立法價值取向上，應當重視金融監管法的效率價值，以維護金融秩序作為基本價值目標，在具體操作上重點突出促進金融業公平競爭、提升金融運行效率兩個價值目標，並保持各目標之間的平衡與協調；在監管體制上，根據「監管? ?創新? ?再監管」的辯證規律，建立功能型金融監管體制，成立銀行業監督管理委員會，組建國家金融監管局對金融業實行統一監管，妥善解決混業經營模式下金融創新的監管問題，形成國家管理機關監管、行業自律、金融機構自律和社會監督相結合的立體的金融監管組織體系；在監管法律體繫上，應有機結合金融監管法的穩定性和靈活性，按wto的要求變革金融監管法律制度，修改《商業銀行法》 、 《保險法》 、 《證券法》及其他不適應混業經營的法律、法規，建立健全有關金融控股公司、網路銀行等方面的法律、法規。
  12. The focus was on the following issues : the concept of warranties, the nature of warranties, the effect of breach of warranties, and so on. however, they did not get satisfactory results

    爭論的焦點集中在保證的定義、保證的法律性質、違反保證的法律後果等問題上。
  13. And on the basis of that, it is of great significance to achieve healthy development of the profession. the dissertation defines the law concepts relative to cpa civil liability firstly, then it focuses on the analysis of the following controversial areas in law : definitive principles for auditing tort liability, the judging criteria of fault etc., and it states the legal status of independent auditing standards from the perspective of law ; further, to complete the law analysis, the dissertation analyzes definitive principles of the cpa ’ s legal liability and the game between the interest of social publics and the interest of cpa from the perspective of economics. then, by reviewing different legal status of generally accepted auditing standards in different historical periods in american, the author studies the legal status of independent auditing standards in china regarding our specific legal and economic environment

    本文首先從注冊會計師民事法律責任相關的法律概念入手，重點對審計侵權責任的歸責原則、過錯判斷標準等一些在法學界存在爭議的關鍵領域展開分析，從法律角度闡述了獨立審計準則法律地位問題;進而從經濟學的視角對注冊會計師民事責任歸責原則和社會公眾與注冊會計師的利益博弈展開了分析，作為對法律分析的輔證;然後在考察借鑒不同歷史時期美國獨立審計準則法律地位的基礎上，結合我國特定的法律和經濟等環境，對我國獨立審計準則的法律地位問題進行了研究，認為:獨立審計準則具有一定的法律地位，應當作為我國注冊會計師法律責任認定的一般原則，但並非判斷注冊會計師執業時是否存在「過失」的唯一基準。
  14. In this chapter, the author point out that to firmly establish the defination and characters of intellectual property is a prerequisite for the protection of intellectual property by criminal law. intellectual property is the right about the invention, discovery, literary or artistic work, trademark, tradename, protection agaist unfair competition etc that are the result of the intellectuation creation by the citizen, corporration and other organism

    在對中外不同的知識產權定義進行介紹、比較的基礎上，作者認為，知識產權是公民、法人及其它組織依照法律的規定享有的關于發明、發現、作品、商標、商號和反不正當競爭等一切智力創作活動所產生的權利，同時認為知識產權具有無形性、專有性、地域性、時間性、可復制性等特點。
  15. I introduce the background of the merger of stale - owned enterprise, the process of the development, the present situation and the problems that exist in the process of the merger, pass the concrete case example fiom act to theory, from single to totally character. by using the method of combining theories with actual cases, further analyze the problems of the merger between the state - owned enterprises. finally, bring up some resolutions : solve the roles of the government in the merger of the state - owned enterprises, make the law system perfect, establish levels and efficient capital market, speed up the progress of the circulation of the state - owned shares

    在對具體案例進行詳細分析的基礎上，結合西方學者關于兼并收購的理論和我國學者的企業兼并重組理論觀點，以及我國國有企業兼并重組的背景、國有企業兼并重組的發展歷程和現狀，對目前國有企業重組中存在的問題進行分析；通過具體的案例從實際到理論，從個性到共性，用理論和實際相結合的方法，進一步分析產生國有企業兼并重組中產生這些問題的原因，並提出自己的一些關于如何從根本上解決國有企業兼并重組中問題的對策和建議：解決政府在國有企業兼并重組中的角色定位；完善國有企業兼并重組的法律環境；建立多層次和高效率的資本市場，完善市場監管制度體系；加快國有股的上市流通步伐；企業重組后注重核心競爭力的培養。
  16. By reviewing a civil lawsuit case of fake credit card use, combining common practice and basing on relevant law regulations, three focuse issues are put forward in this article, that is : commercial customers have or not have the duty to examine and compare the signature with pos signature ; how to identify the responsibility when credit card is lost, pilfered and credit transaction taken play before credit card holder reporting the loss of credit card in the condition of secret code plus signature ; the relevant departments have or not have the suitable law basis to the disputes arising from " wrong tally signature "

    摘要回顧一起關于信用卡冒用訴訟案的案例，結合工作實踐，立足相關的法律法規，提出關于「簽名爭議」的三個焦點問題，即商戶有無義務認真審查信用卡背面的簽名與pos單上的簽名一致；對于「密碼簽名」的信用卡，發生失竊、冒用等情況，在掛失前已產生非本人交易時，責任如何界定；對于由「簽名不符」引發的爭議，相關部門有無適用的法律依據。
  17. How to deal with the conflicts among international law, municipal law and international practices ; is " reservation of public order " adaptable to the usage of international practices ? the deep meaning of the principle of complementation, etc. there still are lots of disputes in jurisprudence about these problems. this paper is on the research of these on my personal view, divided into four parts : part one : on the disputes of the basic concept, gives a clear look of what are international practices

    但何謂國際慣例，國際慣例的性質與法律地位如何；國際慣例究竟是僅指實體法上的慣例還是包括沖突法上慣例；適用時怎樣處理其與公約及國內法的沖突；立法中的「公共秩序保留」到底應不應該適用於國際慣例；補缺原則的內涵；這一系列問題在法理界尚有爭論，本文擬就此系列問題作以探討，對國際慣例適用的爭議問題提出一點自己的看法。
  18. While setting up database legal protection system, we should build energetically independent intellectual property database, develop actively the database industry of our country. this paper consists of five chapters, chapter one proceeds from basic conception of the database, introduced the types, characteristics of database, expounded the meaning of studying intellectual property protection of database ; chapter two analyses our country ' s copyright law protection state in database in detail after introducing database in

    木文共分五章，第一章從數據庫的基本概念出發，介紹了數據庫的類型、特點，闡明了研究數據庫知識產權保護的意義;第二章對國際公約、歐盟、美國的數據庫知識產權法律保護作了簡要概述，詳細分析了我國著作權法對數據庫的保護狀況，並在此基礎上，對數據庫版權保護「選擇或編排的獨創性」標準、歐盟數據庫特別保護指令、利用反不正當競爭法保護數據庫等問題進行了深入的解析。
  19. Different ways mentioned above have different characteristics, and relatively, arbitration is the most effective way to solve the problems of civil and commercial disputes. the more obviously outstanding point is that arbitration is voluntary, professional, confidential and final award. the arbitration consequence can be implemented with enforcement according to the law, and it can also be implemented effectively outside country

    上述方法各有特色，各有千秋，相對而言，在民商事爭議的解決方式中，仲裁具有一定的優勢，其中比較顯著的特點是，仲裁是自願的、專業的、保密的、一裁終局的，仲裁的結果可以依照法律規定強制執行，而且還具有跨國執行的效力。
  20. I. general survey of the merger concerning anti - monopoly law through research and analysis of the legal features of merger and restriction of effect of competition caused by various types of mergers and legislations in western countries, the writer considers that merger in a broad sense must be applied to the anti - monopoly law of our country. emphasis must be laid in restriction of horizontal merger in the legislation of our anti - monopoly law. as to vertical and mixed merger, legislative attitude of less and non - limitation could be taken respectively

    筆者通過對企業合併的法律特徵、不同種類的企業合併對競爭效果的限制和西方國家立法的研究分析，認為廣義的企業合併應為我國的反壟斷法所用；我國的反壟斷立法重點規制的應是橫向合併，對垂直合併和混合合併可以分別採取放鬆和不予控制的立法態度；在立法體例和發展性上，可以綜合各國一部分做法，採取分別立法，同時兼顧其它國家的反壟斷法。
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