特殊方差 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tèshūfāngchā]
特殊方差 英文
special variance
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 殊 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （不同; 差異） different 2 （特別; 特殊） outstanding; special; remarkable Ⅱ副詞[書面語]...
  • 方 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方形; 方體） square 2 [數學] （乘方） involution; power 3 （方向） direction 4 （方面） ...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 特殊 : special; particular; peculiar; exceptional
  • 方差 : dispersion
  1. Test method for total sulfur in aromatic compounds by hydrogenolysis and sulfur specific difference photometry

    通過氫熱解和硫特殊差別光度學對芳香化合物中總硫的試驗方法
  2. Only in lucky special cases would both the inflation and the payments deficits get solved by one and the same dosage of demand restriction.

    只是在某些僥幸的特殊情況下，才能用同樣一張限制需求的處方來解決通貨膨漲和收支逆差這兩個難題。
  3. This drilling adopts crank connecting link and walking beam percussion mechanism, which make the drilling possess two percussive functions, normal drilling takes connecting link impact as main mode, when encountering special situation and the connecting link impact can not drill, it can transform into hoisting impact, the stroke length can be modulated, it realizes automatic percussive drilling due to continuous operating of connecting link percussive mechanism, these can enhance drilling efficiency and relieve labor intensity ; it adopts pumping reverse circulation to drain slag, which not only resolves the drilling difficulty in special stratum such as pebble and gravel stratum and hard stratum, but also resolves the problem that the percussive drill ' s efficiency is low ; it adopts spur gear differential mechanism as double cylinders lazy tongs of main hoist, which not only ensures the balance state of drilling tool, but also reduces the mechanical design, and reduces the cost ; the bottom plate traveling motion of this drilling machine adopts walking type ; the drilling tower adopts hydraulic pressure uprising, and reduces the assistant operating time

    該鉆機採用曲柄連桿、游梁式沖擊機構，使鉆機具有兩種沖擊功能;正常鉆進以連桿沖擊為主，遇到特殊情況，用連桿沖擊不能鉆進時，可轉為卷揚沖擊，沖程可調，因連桿沖擊機構連續工作，所以實現了自動沖擊鉆進，可提高鉆進效率，減輕勞動強度;採用泵吸反循環的方式排渣，既能有效解決卵礫石地層、堅硬地層等特殊地層鉆進的困難，又很好地解決了沖擊鉆機效率低下的問題;採用直齒圓柱齒輪差速機構作為主卷揚的雙筒同步機構，既保證了鉆具處于平衡狀態，又大大簡化了該機構設計，降低了成本;該鉆機底盤行走移位採用步履式;鉆塔採用液壓起立，減少了輔助作業時間。
  4. Its main contributions include the following several aspects : firstly, the dissertation constructs the mathematic model of short baseline orientation determination using two geostationary satellites and analyses the applicable conditions of carrier phase interferometry. orientation determination precision is analysed in depth through both the conventional linearized method and monte - carlo computer simulation method, and the mathematical simulation results show that the linearized method has the shortcoming of fairly low elevation error analysis precision in high latitude area so as not to be very appropriate there. by analyzing the definite factors influencing orientation precision, the dissertation develops the concept of orientation dilution of precision, which uncovers the internal cause of exotic error behavior of bi - satellite orientation, and has important guiding significance for practical engineering applications

    本文系統地研究了基於「北斗一號」衛星載波相位干涉測量原理實現地球靜止雙星定向的相關技術，主要研究成果包括以下幾方面:首先，建立了利用兩顆地球靜止軌道衛星進行短基線定向的數學模型，分析了載波相位干涉測量的適用條件;採用傳統的線性化解析法及蒙特卡洛隨機模擬法兩種途徑對雙星定向的精度進行了詳細分析，數學模擬結果表明在高緯度地區線性化解析法由於俯仰角誤差分析精度略有下降而不太適合;在分析定向精度確定性影響因素的基礎上，提出了雙星定向精度衰減因子odop的概念，揭示了雙星定向誤差特殊表現的內部機理，對實際工程應用具有重要的指導意義。
  5. Because of the unique issues in the networks, including mobility - induced disconnection, network partition, high out - of - order delivery ratios and channel errors, the congestion control and the error recovery in the network is challenging. in this environment, the interaction between tcp and mac layer protocols, the affection of route protocols on the performance of tcp and the particular congestion control and error recovery mechanism are first discussed. then a particular transport layer protocol scheme based on the non - feedback mechanism is presented, with emphasis on the analysis and simulation of the key parameter

    文中主要討論了兩種不同網路結構中的無線tcp協議改進方案，其一在最後一跳為無線鏈路的網路環境中，針對基本tcp擁塞控制機制存在的缺陷，文中在現有解決方案的基礎上提出一綜合性的方案，其中包括無線鏈路的高誤碼率和連接斷開問題的解決，並重點對方案中出現的交叉層問題進行分析和模擬；其二，考慮的是分散式網路（ adhoc ） ，在文中較為詳細的分析了tcp和mac層機制間的相互作用、路由協議中造成tcp性能降低的因素、 adhoc網路中應採取的特殊擁塞控制和差錯恢復機制，在此基礎上提出了一種採用非反饋機制的解決方案，重點對方案中的關鍵參數進行分析和模擬，分析和模擬結果表明此機制可在很大程度上提高adhoc網路中tcp的性能。
  6. Although economic and population specialists and scholars both in abroad and at home have made extreme progress on research the question of rural labor since they studied it very long ago, as far as china is concerned, based on the following three aspects, firstly, the national condition of our country determined that the foreign theory such as lewis theory might instruct us but we ca n ' t use these theories without rectification ; secondly, in china, our research about this question prefer the qualitative analysis to the quantitative analysis ; thirdly, the research on the labor utilization and shift in this specific area, that is, in the mountainous rural area which covers 69 % of our mainland and occupies 56 % of population is absolutely scarce in present ? to make up for the three deficiencies, this paper selects the econometrics analysis, uses investigation data and by virtue of tsp software, establishes a model where shift labor is the dependent variable and the citilization ratio, industrial structure, the income gap between city and country, the rural infrastructure construction, the labor ' s aptitude and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the variableso through economic, statistical and econometrical test, the conclusion is attained : the income gap between city and country and the citilization ratio are the two most important fectors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area -, the rural infrastructure construction and the labor ' s aptitude are the two relative important factors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area while the rural industrial structure and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the two least important factors according to this, this paper puts forward several suggestions that the income gap between city and country, citilization ratio, rural education, rural industrial structure and agricultural mechanization should be carefully treated with on studying the question of labor utilization and shift in mountainous rural area. finally, this paper points to several suspending problems about this research in order to get the concern of specialist and scholars

    盡管國內外經濟和人口學方面的專家與學者很早就開始了對農村勞動力問題的研究並取得了極大的進展，但是，我國在研究農村勞動力問題時，基於三點：其一，我國國情決定了國外的理論例如劉易斯理論，雖然對研究我國的農村勞動力問題具有指導意義，但卻不能照搬這些理論；其二，從國內看，我國對該問題的研究重視定性分析而定量分析明顯不足；其三，缺乏對我國占國土面積69 、人口56的山區農村這一特殊區域內的勞動力開發利用及轉移的專門性研究。為了彌補這三個缺憾，論文採用經濟計量學的數量分析方法，利用實際調查資料，藉助tsp軟體，建立了以外出勞動力數量為被解釋變量，城市化率、農村產業結構、城鄉收入差距、農村社會基礎設施建設、農村勞動力素質以及人口自然增長率六個變量為解釋變量的模型，通過對該模型進行經濟學、統計學、經濟計量學三個方面的檢驗，得出如下結果：城鄉收入差距和城市化率是影響山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移的最重要的兩個因素；農村社會基礎設施建設和農村勞動力素質是較為重要的兩個影響因素；而農村產業結構和人口自然增長率相對來說是較不顯著的影響因素。據此，本文提出了在研究山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移問題時，應慎重對待城鄉收入差距、城市化水平、農村勞動力素質、農村產業結構、農業機械化五個問題。
  7. The above algorithm forms a double - two - stage iteration, as following : the results of monte carlo stimulation show that the double - two - stage iteration algorithm is more effective than empirical logistic regression after item and ability parameters recovery study. there are three advantages about the new method : first. the new method can be applied to estimate fewer items ; secondly, a test including fewer unusual response patterns can also be evaluated ; thirdly, the results compared with homogeneous software dealing with 2plm are accepted using mean absolute error as the criterion

    這種新方法有以下三個優點：項目數很少時參數估計的結果也較穩定；能處理測驗中含有少量特殊反應模式（見第二章）的參數估計；以估計值和真值之差的絕對值（平方）的平均值作為估計對真值的修復能力為指標，新方法的參數估計結果與同類流行軟體相比，修復能力不相上下；特別地，新的參數估計方法可以用於多級評分項目gpcm ，並為估計題組項目開辟了另一條道路。
  8. ( 4 ) according to the principle of " repair as the old ", the schemes of foundation strengthening, the schemes of the body structure, the schemes of the shear wall strengthening, the schemes of the floor strengthening, the schemes of the brace layout, the schemes of the switch floor construction and special strengthening scheme such as carbon fiber, the wall steel wire grid strengthening are achieved in this paper

    按照「修舊如舊」的原則實現了照舊色做舊，使新舊構件的色澤差別諧調。依據上述原則，論文實現了基礎加固施工方案，主體結構加固施工方案、剪力墻加固施工方案、樓板拆除支撐和砼施工方案、支撐布置方案、高層主體結構轉換層施工方案、木屋蓋拆除方案以及特殊加固工程施工技術如粘鋼加固、碳纖維布加固、墻面鋼絲網加固等。
  9. Chapter three author aimming at the blank of study on the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities tries to probe theoretically into it from the perspective of the cause of minority student achieveinent higher educational function and educational policy, and to define the essence principle and foundadion of this policy, firstly, auther wants to show that the root to implementing this policy bases on minority history earth instance and cultural speciality by analyzing the cause of minority students low achievement, secondly, by the perspective perspective of higher educational function, author tries to show the important role of higher education to socialize minority students in case they are peripheried, to inherit and improve minority culture, in order to define that this policy is an important political mechanism to safeguard minority " s educational right and educational equality, thirdly, there are two points to be showed by discussing with the perspective of educational policy : the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities is complexity and it is restricted and influenced easily by correlative mechanism because it involves virtuely in educational problem ethical problem and policy problem, on the other hand, the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities don " t violate the principle of individual equality, instead, it carries out certain policy for some groups basing on the principle of the individual equality

    一、通過對少數民族學生低學業成就的歸因分析，論述少數民族高等教育招生政策實施依據是少數民族歷史發展、現實狀況和文化特殊性。二、通過高等教育功能視角的探討，論述高等教育對少數民族學生的進一步社會化，避免少數民族個體被邊緣化的意義，以及高等教育對少數民族繼承、發展民族文化的意義，明確少數民族高等教育招生政策是保障少數民族高等教育權利、保證教育公平的一項重要的「政治機制」 。三、通過教育政策視角的探討，主要有兩方面內容，一是由教育政策的特點，論述少數民族高等教育招生政策實質上是集教育問題、民族問題和政策問題於一身，這使它的運行具有復雜性，它更易受其它相關機制的制約和影響;二是通過教育政策價值取向的探討，論述少數民族高等教育招生政策雖以一定群體為實施的對象，但並不違背個體平等原則，它是立足於個體平等的基礎上，依據能力選拔的原則，針對群體差異客觀存在的現實，對一定群體實施的一定「優惠政策」 ，以保證處於弱勢地位群體的權利，從而真正實現個體的平等。
  10. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  11. Although the practices of different countries varied from each other owing to the difference of the situation of the country, they generally provided institutional support service, legal assurance service, financial support service, fiscal support service, technological support service, human resources service, consulting and diagnosing service and information support service to support the development of smes

    雖然各國扶持中小企業發展的做法因國情不同而有所差異，但他們普遍地在組織支持、法律保證、金融支持、財政支持、技術支持、人力資源、咨詢診斷和信息支持等方面提供服務以支持中小企業的發展。我國中小企業與外國中小企業既有共性，又有特殊性。
  12. On the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree

    在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15
  13. Abstract : on the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree

    文摘:在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15
  14. Condensate gas reservoir is a special kind of reservoir and its material balance equation is greatly different from that of conventional gas reservoir

    摘要凝析氣藏是一種特殊的油氣藏類型，其物質平衡方程式與常規氣藏物質平衡方程式應存在較大的差異。
  15. Some features of the engineering control network demand special applications of gps in road and bridge engineering, for example, particular requirement of accuracy on some aspect that results in distribution of net points and sometimes bigger height difference of points, consideration of staking out in construction in the design of engineering control network, application of independent engineering coordinate system, and use of engineering mean height surface as the projection surface of computation

    由於工程式控制制網的一些自身特性，如施工控制網要考慮施工放樣的方便，或某一方面精度的特定要求，網點分佈不夠均勻，點間高差有時較大；採用工程獨立坐標系，並且往往以工程平均高程面為計算投影面等等，使得gps在路橋工程中的應用也有一些特殊性。
  16. Owing to the disproportion of beijing ' s urbanizion and the special circumstances of the southwest of beijing, a special " rural in the city " shaped there, which show much difference in census system, fields function, economic organization structure, and so on, and these features makes it very difficult to launch reformation

    由於北京城市化進程的不均衡和北京西南地區的特殊狀況，北京西南豐臺地區形成了一個較為特殊的「城中村」 ，它在區位特徵、用地性質與功能、戶籍制度、經濟組織結構等許多方面與全國其它區域的「城中村」有著明顯差異，使得其改造難度相當大。
  17. In order to master the development status completely and actually and further enhance the quality and reputation of the fei cheng peach, this paper investigates the production status, predonderant region and its range and so on. it also puts forward scientific and reasonable development direction and programming for the future continuable development. by investigation and induction, we know that fei cheng city is a particular region which fit to the growth of peach not only because of breed, climate, fertilization and management, but also be relative to the special geology of this region. but there are also many problems in the development of the peach production such as standardization is low, savory has become worse, post - harvest treatment is lagged, technic service is dropped behind

    為全面準確掌握肥城市桃的發展現狀，進一步提高肥城市桃產品質量和知名度。本文調查研究了肥城市桃的生產現狀，優勢區域及其范圍等，為今後可持續發展，提出了科學合理的發展方向和發展規劃。經過調查總結，歸納分析，可以看出肥城市生產的桃之所以品優味佳，產量高，除品種、氣候、施肥、管理諸因素外，還與這個地區特殊的地質背景條件緊密相關;由此而形成了獨特的桃樹生長的優勢區;同時，肥城市桃的生產在發展過程中也存在著標準化生產水平低，傳統肥城桃風味變差，采后處理滯后，技術服務落後等問題。
  18. The fifth, the comparison research of tendering procedures the sixth, the comparison research of challenge procedures the seventh, the comparison research of special and differential treatment for developing country

    序包括的方面很多，該部分選取了要求審查的主體、審查范圍、 。審查方式及條件、暫停措施和賠償措施這六方面進行了比較。七、發展中國家的特殊和差別待遇。
  19. Apart from all these systemic problems, a major new problem is emerging in the operation of the panel and appeal process. the panels and the appellate body ( ab ) very often engage in very substantial interpretations of the provisions of the wto agreements

    作者在闡述了特殊和差別待遇的含義及其產生背景之後，對dsu中的特殊和差別待遇具體條款進行了詳細解讀，主要從這些條款的內容，含義及其貫徹執行情況等方面來進行。
  20. The research of this article finds the following suggestions helpful for china to better employ the special and differential treatment provisions in the wto dispute settlement. first, considering the different stages in the process of the wto dispute settlement, china should try its best to solve disputes within the consultation stage by using the additional time and means provided by these provisions ; use the provisions in the legal stage to strengthen its litigation status and better position itself against those stronger countries ; and use them in the implementation stage to win special and differential treatments in the matters of the reasonable period of time for implementation and the way as well

    本文經過研究，對我國應如何利用爭端解決機制中的特殊和差別待遇條款的對策提出以下建議：首先，從爭端解決程序的階段來看，在磋商階段，我國應利用這些條款所提供的時間和方式空間，盡可能在這一階段內解決爭端；在法律階段應利用特殊和差別待遇條款加強自己的訴訟地位，改善與優勢國家的力量對比；在執行階段，我國也要利用有關條款，力爭在執行的合理期限和方式上得到特殊和差別待遇。
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