現金交易經濟 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiànjīnjiāoyìjīngjì]
現金交易經濟 英文
cash economy
  • 現 : Ⅰ名詞1 （現在; 此刻） present; now; current; existing 2 （現款） cash; ready money Ⅱ副詞（臨時; ...
  • 金 : Ⅰ名詞1 （金屬） metals 2 （錢） money 3 （古時金屬制的打擊樂器） ancient metal percussion instrum...
  • 交 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把事物轉移給有關方面） hand over; give up; deliver 2 （到某一時辰或季節） reach （a cert...
  • 易 : Ⅰ形容詞1. （容易） easy 2. （平和） amiable Ⅱ動詞1. （改變; 變換） change 2. （交換） exchange Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 現金 : 1 （現款） ready money; cash; ready 2 （銀行庫存的貨幣） cash reserve in a bank; 現金儲備 cash re...
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. The writer thinks that the most important of risks in china ' s dc finance is : the bank cannot control and dispose of title of goods or tide documents so as to liquidate the liabilities under dc, therefore laws ant ! regulations of economy, such as law of tide, law of trust, and etc should be legislated. this may arouse or do help to studies or discussions of judicial circle or banking sector

    信用證融資業務比傳統信貸業務風險系數小，但各種風險仍然交織在這種特殊的融資方式中，當前銀行貿易融資逾期成了普遍關注和深感棘手的問題，作者認為我國信用證融資的風險構成中最大的風險是，國內銀行不能依法控制貨物的物權，實現貨物的自行清償來達到控制業務風險的目的，提出了完善《物權法》 《信託法》等一系列經濟、金融法規，為法律界和金融界進一步進行理論和實務研究作了有益的探索。
  2. Financial leasing is a novel type of transaction with double functions of financing and leasing in modem market economy, in such transaction, the lessor enters into a supply agreement with the supplier selected by the lessee and acquires the equipment specified by the lessee on terms approved by the lessee, and the lessor enters into a leasing agreement with the lessee and delivers the equipment to the lesse for the latter ' s use, and recovers its loans, interests and other expenses in the form of rentals in installments

    融資租賃一詞是從英文financialleasing翻譯而來，是現代市場經濟條件下的出現的一種兼具融資與融物雙重職能的新型交易。在這種交易方式中，由出租人根據承租人提出的條件和要求，與供貨商訂立買賣合同，買進承租人必需的設備，並與承租人訂立租賃合同，在約定的期間內將租賃物交由承租人使用，以收取租金的形式分期收回貸款、利息和其他費用。
  3. The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate

    論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。
  4. From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered

    第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。
  5. Tianjin gradually developed into the most important exported, industrial and financial center in northern china since its port - opening, and soon began to play a leading role in the exported economic system, with its advancing location, excellent transportation, commercial background, free environment, develop chances and wide market, which, as a result, greatly put forward the modernization process of this vast area

    摘要具有優越地理區位、便利交通條件和良好經濟基礎的天津，開埠后又利用通商口岸所特有的寬松環境、發展機會和廣闊市場，逐步成為北方最大的對外貿易中心、工業中心和金融中心，成為近代北方經濟的龍頭，極大地推動了北方廣大地區經濟的現代化進程。
  6. Shanghai, as the centre city of economy and finance of our country, the real estate problem is extremely noticeable. this paper is just launched around this question

    經濟成長過程中出現的一些非實體經濟因素，如金融證券、債券、地價和金融投機交易等，只要控制在適度的范圍中，對活躍市場經濟是有利的。
  7. One reason for this difference is that anglo - saxon economies have more sophisticated instruments through which people can take cash out of their homes, through the ability to refinance mortgages, for example

    其中的一個原因是因為英、美經濟體[注一]有著更為復雜的交易手段，如通過抵押融資能力來抵押房屋以外的物品獲得現金。
  8. First, there is no specific parameter for quantization ; second, the effects of transaction fee are ignored ; third, because these models are equilibrium models, they can ’ t reveal many of the prosperities observed in empirical markets, such as fat - tails, long - range correlations in volatility, etc. in the process of i study financial economics, when the teacher xu jia - gen to speak the price of the stock market to visit the distance examination and the artificial intelligence models, i think, if mathematics combines with the calculator. ( i studied mathematics four years in the southwest normal university ). the stock market price exercise regulation will easily confidence

    首先，沒有用具體的參數來量化股市的行為，其次，它們都忽略了交易費對股市的影響，第三，由於這些模型都是均衡模型，無法展示實際市場回報分佈的特點，諸如「肥尾」現象、集群波動等。在我學習金融經濟學的過程中，徐加根老師講到股票市場價格的遊程檢驗與人工智慧模型時，我想，如果數學與計算機的結合（在西南師范大學學習了四年數學） ，股票市場價格運動規律就容易把握了。
  9. There is greater realisation now of the role of the stock exchange as a secondary market that provides the bedrock for the primary ipo market, which channels savings into investments to promote economic growth and development

    大家現在都明白到，香港交易所是第二市場，為新股上市的第一市場提供基礎，使第一市場可把儲蓄資金中轉成為投資資金，從而促進經濟增長及發展。
  10. In order to meet the requirement of market economy and wto, the related department of our government has published the code of related with bill quantity of construction works, and has put forward the bill - of - quantity model in july 2003. based on the information above, we put forward the study of the bill - of - quantity model theory and its application in this paper. according to the advanced experience of engineering cost management in developed country and the present condition of engineering cost management in our country, this paper comes up with the reformation concept about engineering cost management

    中小企業融資都依託著一個包括外源融資與內源融資、債務融資與權益融資等多種融資方式和資金屬性的多層次、多側面的融資體系，為了支撐起這樣一個復合型體系，各國都在市場經濟的大環境下，不斷完善包括政策、法律、法規、金融服務、貸款擔保、專業化產權交易系統和社會輔助體系在內的環境建設，並在企業治理結構現代化建設方面加強了宏觀引導。
  11. Institutional economics is its basic theoretical clue. the institutional approach includes : transaction cost is a basic view for housing finance institutions and a certain institution follows the principle of minimum transaction cost ; financial deepenness and financial function theories are important ways to understand housing finance institution ; a systematic institutional structure of housing finance comes from the interaction of social economy, culture and politics, and institutional bundling and embeddedness are common forms ; financial structure theory is a forceful quantitative way to analyses housing finance institutions ; minimization of transaction cost is the basic motivation for institutional transformation, and the basic ways are forced transformation and induced transformation ; equity and efficiency are basic criteria for evaluating housing finance institutions, which may implement through certain institutions while government acts as leverage between equity and efficiency. ( 2 ) multiformality and transformation of housing finance

    制度經濟學是基本的理論線索，制度分析範式包括如下方面：交易成本是考察住房金融制度的基本視角，特定的住房制度安排遵循約束條件交易成本最小化原則；金融深化和金融功能理論是理解特定住房金融制度安排的重要輔助方法；整體性住房金融制度結構的形成是包括社會經濟、文化、政治等各類制度在內互相影響、平衡的產物，制度捆綁和制度嵌入是常見的形式；金融結構方法是用制度分析方法解釋住房金融制度的有力的定量分析工具；住房金融制度變遷的基本動因是交易成本最小化（外部收益內部化） ，變遷的基本方式是強制性變遷和誘致性變遷；公平和效率是住房金融制度評價的基本標準，公平和效率通過一定的制度安排可以同時實現，政府在住房金融制度中起著平衡公平和效率的杠桿作用。
  12. The relation between financial system and economic system reduces the transaction cost of the economic sections by providing a number of services to the sections. they are the most important in providing paying way, mobilizing financial resources and efficiently allocating financial resources

    金融與經濟的關系表現在金融為經濟的發展提供多種服務降低交易成本，其中提供支付系統、動員金融資源和有效資源配置三方面是最為主要的。
  13. The second part introduces the characteristics and functions of finance company, and discusses its role in the combination of industry and finance. the third part compares the differences between western finance company and china ' s finance company, and points out what we lack. the last part put forward suggestions for the development of china ' s finance company facing the fierce competition of foreign financial organs

    第二章闡述了財務公司的特點和功能，進而對其在實現產融結合中的作用進行了討論，指出財務公司不但是企業集團和金融機構之間聯系的紐帶，同時還能節約交易成本，提高金融效率，促進信用和產業經濟的發展。
  14. To meet the need of financing and commodity circulation in market economic mechanism in china, china " s secured transactions law should possess the following characteristics : ( 1 ) security interest should be available ( a ) over all categories of personal property ; ( b ) to secure all types of debts ; ( c ) between all types of person ; ( 2 ) the simple, efficient and low - cost perfection device by which a secured creditor may give public notice to the existence of his security interest ; ( 3 ) the quick, efficient and low - cost enforcement by which security interest could be realized ; ( 4 ) the clear rules of priorities with respect to the relative rights of competing creditors and their debtors which are fair in most situation

    本文作者認為，為適應我國市場經濟之資金融通和商品流通的需求，我國動產擔保交易制度應當具備以下動產擔保交易制度研究特質： ）動產擔保權應當：能在所有種類的動產上設定；能擔保所有種類的債務；能在所有種類的人之間設定； （ 2 ）動產擔保權能以簡單、高效、低成本的公示制度而周知第三人； （ 3 ）動產擔保權能以迅速、高效、低成本的實行制度而得以實現； （ 4 ）同一擔保物競存的權利間的優先權規則應是明確的，在大多數情況下是公平的。
  15. The discount transactions of closed - end funds are the normal phenomena of china and overseas fund market, and the failure of traditional economic theories to explain the discount brought suspicion to the efficiency market hypothesis

    摘要封閉式基金的折價交易是國內外基金市場的普遍現象，而傳統經濟理論在解釋封閉式基金折價現象方面的失敗對「市場有效性假說」提出了質疑。
  16. Through the analysis on theory and empirical about capital allocation efficiency of china stock market, i hope to find the reasons why china stock market don ’ t coordinate with china economic growth, and make a modest contribution to the reform of china ' s stock market. from the above point of view, my paper is divided into five chapters : in the first chapter i introduce the background and aim of this study ; chapter ii is the literature ; in chapter iii, i make theoretical analysis on the capital formation mechanism in china stock market and factors affecting the stock market capital allocation efficiency ; chapter iv, i test the efficiency of chinese stock market capital allocation ; chapter v : advice. chapter i, i introduce the main background and study purposes of this research

    西方金融發展理論認為，資本市場的發展促進了資本配置效率的提高，進而促進了經濟增長，其理論依據主要有以下兩點:一是資本市場是一種直接的資本配置方式，它通過資本資產價格的波動使資本直接在不同的企業和行業分配，從而避免了產品市場通過產品價格波動來間接調節資本在不同企業和行業的分配而產生的時滯和浪費現象;二是資本市場降低了資本的交易成本，它通過為數眾多的金融工具的供給者和需求者在一起進行競價交易，減少了尋找成本和信息成本，從而提高了資本配置效率。
  17. It has round each kind of superintendence for financial trade successfully with the perfect design arrangement of trade structure, flows to participate in the different aspects mobility and steady cash that has offered asset, lower risk and cost and realization scale the various benefits such as economy, have promoted financial market to not intermediary direction development

    它以完善的交易結構的設計安排，成功繞過了對金融業的各類監管，為參與各方提供了資產的流動性、穩定的現金流、較低的風險與成本和實現規模經濟等種種好處，促進了金融市場向非中介化方向發展。
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