用原則作交易 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yòngyuánzézuòjiāoyì]
用原則作交易 英文
barter away principles
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 交 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把事物轉移給有關方面） hand over; give up; deliver 2 （到某一時辰或季節） reach （a cert...
  • 易 : Ⅰ形容詞1. （容易） easy 2. （平和） amiable Ⅱ動詞1. （改變; 變換） change 2. （交換） exchange Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  1. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  2. The key tasks of this paper mainly include : ( 1 ) puting forward the emphases and difficulties of enterprise m & a decision, and holding that decision - makers should make decision according to the principle of value creation ; ( 2 ) setting up estimation model of value creation in m & a, including synergy effect model, m & a transaction and evaluation model, m & a net income model, etc. ; ( 3 ) explaining the application of virous valuation method and discussing how to choose proper valuation method in m & a decision ; ( 4 ) studying the valuation of synergy effect after calculating the independet value of both enterprises respectively before m & a and the combined enterprise after m & a by discount cash flow method ; ( 5 ) studying the valuation of the target enterprise ' s expected value, in which general target enterprises are valuated with several kinds of valuation techniques while high - tech target enterprises are valuated by option pricing model

    在研究過程中，本文試圖運用價值評估技術，在並購決策中確立一套較為完整的價值分析方法，以使決策者有效的判斷並購能否創造價值，從而作出正確的並購決策。本文的核心工作主要包括： （ 1 ）提出了企業並購決策的重點與難點，認為決策者應根據價值創造原則進行並購決策。 （ 2 ）建立了並購創造價值的估測模型，具體包括協同效應模型、並購交易估價模型和並購凈收益模型。
  3. As to the doctrine of liability fixation the author thought that, in line with the duty of care of different subject of misrepresentation, ve should built three different standards consequently which were strict liability, fault liability liability on willfulness. as to cautionary relation, this thesis maintained that it could be classified into cautionary relation on transaction and cautionary relation on loss, and that the former was the fast knot on the question of cautionary relation on civil responsibility of misrepresentation, and that we should built presumptive rule on cautionary relation referring to the relative institute of america

    關于歸責原則，作者認為應當根據不同虛假陳述主體對信息披露所負的注意義務提出嚴格責任、過失責任和故意責任三個相應歸責標準，其中，嚴格責任適用於證券發行人，過失責任適用於除發行人之外的其他所有信息披露文體，故意責任適用於中介機構承擔連帶這種特定情形。損害後果作為虛假陳述的必備要件之一，僅限於財產上的損害。對于因果關系，文章將其分為交易的因果關系和損失的因果關系，認為前者是虛假陳述民事責任因果關系的癥結所在。
  4. Based on the comprehensive research on the theory and practice of insider trading in foreign countries, hong kong and taiwan, the thesis puts foreword that the assumed liability system shall be applicable to insider trading in line with the general tort theory. in consideration of the constitutional elements, the thesis also brings forward that the damage facts shall be measured by actual loss, the deduction of cause and effect : relationship shall be regulated in line with law, and that the existence of default shall be inferred from the strict objective standard

    在對國外和我國港臺地區關于內幕交易民事責任理論和實踐進行綜合比較的基礎上，本文依據侵權責任的一般理論，提出內幕交易侵權責任應適用過錯推定責任原則，在內幕交易民事責任要件方面提出以實際可得財產損失確定損害事實、以法定的推定方式證明因果關系、以嚴格的客觀標準來判斷過錯存在的基本作法。
  5. In a major policy shift, the united states last july signed a controversial nuclear deal with new delhi agreeing in principle to provide nuclear technology and equipment for india ' s civilian energy program

    作為一次重要的政策轉變，美國去年7月同新德里簽署了一項有爭議的核交易協議，原則上同意為印度的民用能源項目提供核技術和設備。
  6. Without prejudice to any other provision of these conditions, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the customer shall not assert and waives any claim, including, without limitation, any claim arising against the bank on any theory of liability for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages as opposed to direct or actual damages arising out of or in connection with these conditions, all agreements and transactions to which these conditions apply or are made subject to and the relationship between the bank and the customer at all times and for any damages whatsoever caused by or arising from, directly or indirectly, the error, failure, negligence, act or omission of any other person, system, institution or payment infrastructure

    在不影響此等條件內任何條文的原則下，並於適用法律容許的范圍內，客戶不得提出並且放棄任何申索，包括但不限於就下列事項所引起對銀行的任何申索： i由於此等條件一切適用或受制於此等條件的協議和交易，以及在任何時間銀行與客戶之間的關系所產生或因與此有關連而引起對任何特別間接相應或懲罰性的損害賠償與直接或實際損害賠償成對比的法律責任的任何理論，及ii因任何其他人士系統機構或付款架構的直接或間接錯誤故障失敗疏忽作為或不作為所引起或導致的任何損害的申索。
  7. The advantages of " arm ' s length principle " are as follows : arm ' s length price is market price, thus protects the interests of both intra - group transaction parties, moreover, the principle ensures the same tax treatment between the multinational enterprise and independent enterprise and comparatively fair distribution of tax payment among related countries

    本文認為，採用正常交易原則的有利之處為：正常交易價格為市場價格，作為交易雙方的企業集團各實體的利益均得到適當保護；正常交易原則使得跨國企業集團和獨立企業享受基本平等的稅收待遇；正常交易原則適用結果使稅款在跨國企業集團各實體所在國得到比較合理的分配。
  8. With the normative research method, this paper at first analyzes the concepts, ideas, characteristics of virtual enterprise and the fundamental model of operation, explains the cause of the origin and evolution of virtual enterprise, advances the original background and definition of virtual construction. by a comparison between virtual construction and traditional project management organization mode, the fundamental conditions of the application of virtual construction in domestic construction industry are analyzed from aspects of the change of project management organization mode, the basis of cooperation and the degree of information modernization. because of the continual development of virtual construction in practice, this paper makes further study on its concept and meaning, gives description of the process and system structure of virtual construction and the select principle of cooperate partner

    首先分析了虛擬企業的概念、思想、特點以及運作的基本形式，運用交易費用經濟學、戰略管理的相關理論解釋了虛擬企業產生發展的原因；結合建築行業的技術經濟特點，提出了虛擬建設的產生背景及其定義，通過虛擬建設與傳統工程項目管理組織模式的對比，從工程建設項目管理組織模式的轉變、合作的基礎、信息化程度三方面分析了虛擬建設在我國建築業應用的基礎條件；虛擬建設在實踐中不斷地發展，本文進一步解釋其定義及其內涵，描述了虛擬建設的過程和體系結構以及合作夥伴的選擇原則，分析了虛擬建設模式對建築企業組織結構的影響；結合組織發展的最新趨勢，提出了組織虛擬化的概念、過程，分析了企業組織結構的演變；最後分析了虛擬企業在我國建築業的應用前景，提出了推動虛擬企業在我國建築業應用的建議。
  9. Because its legal regulating fuction & moral regulating fuction suit the demand of economic delevopment, good faith brings into playing a more & more important role

    誠信原則因其法律調節和道德調節的雙重功能與經濟發展的要求契合，因此在現代交易中發揮著日益重要的作用。
  10. Institutional economics is its basic theoretical clue. the institutional approach includes : transaction cost is a basic view for housing finance institutions and a certain institution follows the principle of minimum transaction cost ; financial deepenness and financial function theories are important ways to understand housing finance institution ; a systematic institutional structure of housing finance comes from the interaction of social economy, culture and politics, and institutional bundling and embeddedness are common forms ; financial structure theory is a forceful quantitative way to analyses housing finance institutions ; minimization of transaction cost is the basic motivation for institutional transformation, and the basic ways are forced transformation and induced transformation ; equity and efficiency are basic criteria for evaluating housing finance institutions, which may implement through certain institutions while government acts as leverage between equity and efficiency. ( 2 ) multiformality and transformation of housing finance

    制度經濟學是基本的理論線索，制度分析範式包括如下方面：交易成本是考察住房金融制度的基本視角，特定的住房制度安排遵循約束條件交易成本最小化原則；金融深化和金融功能理論是理解特定住房金融制度安排的重要輔助方法；整體性住房金融制度結構的形成是包括社會經濟、文化、政治等各類制度在內互相影響、平衡的產物，制度捆綁和制度嵌入是常見的形式；金融結構方法是用制度分析方法解釋住房金融制度的有力的定量分析工具；住房金融制度變遷的基本動因是交易成本最小化（外部收益內部化） ，變遷的基本方式是強制性變遷和誘致性變遷；公平和效率是住房金融制度評價的基本標準，公平和效率通過一定的制度安排可以同時實現，政府在住房金融制度中起著平衡公平和效率的杠桿作用。
  11. Further, in light of the mathematic functions among price, efficiency and equity, the effects / impacts of water pricing methodologies on efficiency and equity in water resources reallocation have been analyzed, the results are that different pricing methods have distinguish impacts on efficiency for water resources uses while they have few impacts on equity for incomes due to reallocation of water resources. fourthly, because the regional water resources have some features of river basin, an integrated water resources management ( iwrm ) has been suggested for the efficient management of regional water resources, where the basic criteria and intensions of iwrm have been analyzed. in order to the iwrm for regional water resources, the enabling environments, the institutional roles and the management instruments will be needed

    再根據交易中的水價與效率及公平性關系的數學模型，分析不同的水價制定方法對水資源再分配（水權交易）的效率與公平性影響，提出的不同的定價方法對水資源使用效率有顯著影響，而對公平性基本沒有影響；針對區域水資源具有流域特徵的實際情況，提出了區域水資源綜合管理（ iwrm ）的模式，分析了iwrm的基本原則和包含的內容，進行了為實施iwrm的關鍵措施和體制安排，要實現區域水資源的綜合管理就必須具有寬松的環境、充分發揮管理機構的作用和靈活運用先進的管理手段；根據區域水資源的特點和可持續利用原則，進行了區域張仁田:區域水資源可持續利用研究水資源開發利用戰略方針的研究，按照制定的19項戰略方針，對一特定的區域進行了不同水用戶水資源需水量的中、長期預測，其中包括生態環境需水量，並採用iqqm模型進行供需平衡分析，提出在工程設施保證、技術措施和體制及法律保障到位的情況下，遠期能夠實現供需平衡。
  12. ( 3 ) this dissertation brings forward primary interpretation and summary for the economic phenomenon of supplier selection from points of view of transaction cost, enterprise core competency, competitive strategy and value chain, manufacturing resources integration. ( 4 ) after analyzing the benefit and the risk of supplier selection, the step to construct the relationship of supplier selection, the key factor of building that relationship, a framework of supplier selection is presented. ( 5 ) in order to select the proper supplier and decide the quantity of purchasing in each selected supplier, an algorithm for supplier selection using ahp and linear programming is proposed to get the final partner considering both qualitative and quantitative factors

    接著本文通過對以往文獻的回顧，給出了關于電子市場的不同分類的一個總結，進而討論在不同的采購戰略模式下iemp對供應商夥伴選擇的作用；為了闡明供應商夥伴選擇的理論基礎，本論文分別從交易成本、生產、競爭戰略等多種角度對供應商夥伴選擇的理論基礎作出了初步的解釋和概括；接著本文分析了供應商合作夥伴關系的益處與風險，介紹了建立供應商合作夥伴關系的實施步驟及其關鍵成功因素和評價準則，最後給出了一個供應商夥伴選擇的總體框架；考慮到供應商夥伴選擇是一個既包括定性因素又包括定量因素的多準則問題，為了選出最優的供應商並在符合條件的供應商之間決定原材料采購量多少的分配，本文提出了一種將ahp和線性規劃相結合的演算法以應用於供應商夥伴的選擇；論文最後對本文所做的工作進行了總結與展望。
  13. Therefore, in accordance with the theory of lowest transaction, the system of copyright protection should coordinate the rights of the originator, the spreader and the user in the purpose of realizing the best profits from stimulating the development in civilization and society

    為此，著作權保護制度應遵循交易成本最低的原則，調整創作者、傳播者和使用者的權利配置關系，以實現促進文化發展和推動社會進步的最優效益。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書