相對支出 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiāngduìzhīchū]
相對支出 英文
counterpart expenditures
  • 相 : 相Ⅰ名詞1 （相貌; 外貌） looks; appearance 2 （坐、立等的姿態） bearing; posture 3 [物理學] （相位...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 支 : Ⅰ名詞1 （分支; 支派） branch; offshoot 2 （地支） the twelve earthly branches3 （姓氏） a surname...
  • 相對 : 1. （面對面） opposite; face to face 2. （非絕對的） relative 3. （比較的） relatively; comparatively
  • 支出 : 1. （付出去） pay; expend; disburse 2. （支付的款項） expenses; expenditure; outlay; disbursement
  1. As the increase of domestic high - rise buildings, more and more deep foundation trench supporting constructions have come into existence. among the general geographical condition of the urban district in qingdao, most of regions, which mainly consist of strong de composed rocks, are in quite good condition. except for the sandy soil and oozy soil along sea sides. but the development of rock cracks and breaking zones and unstable lamprophyre still exist, so blasting is needed during constructions of foundation trench. blasting have bad influence on the stability of slopes. moreover. the slope - liding has happened for several times, so the engineering project of foundation trench attracts more attention of people

    隨著國內高層建築的發展，深基坑支護工程越來越多，綜合青島市區的地質狀況，除海邊有砂性土及淤泥軟土外，大部分地域巖土條件相對較好，多以強風化巖為主，但巖石裂隙發育，間或有斷裂帶和穩定性極差的煌斑巖穿插其中，基坑施工時需要爆破施工，對邊坡的穩定造成了不利影響，加之連續出現的幾次滑坡失穩事件，基坑支護工程越來越引起了各方面的重視。
  2. According to the different sample set, we have been on discussion, using lagrangian multiplier technique or lmt in the optimal theory, slt and function analysis ， then we get the decision function and svm with the corresponding different sample set. thirdly, for improving generalization ability, application ability and recognition speed of svm, we have used fuzzy set theory ( fst ) and rough set theory to study svm deep, and integrated them into svm, constructed fssvm ( fuzzy set svm ) and svm based on rough set theory, and extended performances of svm in the chapter 4, 5

    再次，為了進一步提高支持向量機的通用性以及推廣能力、應用能力、識別速度等性能，在第四、第五兩章運用模糊集理論（ fst ）和粗糙集理論（ rst ）對支持向量機進行研究，採用優勢互補原則，先是把模糊集與支持向量機有機結合，構造出基於模糊集的支持向量機（ fssvm ） ，然後把粗糙集理論與支持向量機相互結合，進而把rst與fssvm相互結合，構造出基於rst的支持向量機。
  3. Despite the general slow down the positive signs are that us employment remains relatively solid and consumer expenditure is doing well

    除了整體放緩之外，積極的信號則包括美國就業率仍相對景氣而消費者支出也在造好。
  4. Secondly, we recommend the practical experiment of cast - in - place piles, including field solid and liquid qualification, experiment purpose, experiment project, experiment equipment, experiment process and the notice of experiment. thirdly, we processed and analyzed experimental daters, studied the rule of strength transferring, and studied the rule of strength transferring of check resistance and side of peg rub resistance, contrasting with common re - draw peg. at last, we advance some unfathomed problem and prospect foreground of cast - in - place piles

    本文首先對支盤樁的基本原理進行了闡述，對其施工過程以及成型過程進行了描述;然後對本次抗拔支盤樁現場試驗進行了介紹，包括試驗現場地質水文條件，試驗目的、試驗方案、試驗設備以及試驗過程，並對試驗注意事項進行了歸納總結;分析了支盤裝原位抗拔，研究了樁身軸力傳遞規律以及支盤阻力和樁側摩阻力的荷載傳遞規律，並與普通抗拔樁進行了相關對比;最後，本文提出了本次試驗尚未解決的一些問題，並對支盤樁的前景進行了展望。
  5. Through the experiment, we test its feasibility. 3 、 to solve the insufficiency of the svm method, the thesis proposes another algorithm based on similarity computing for verb subcategorization acquisition, and use two different sentences similarity getting algorithms to the acquisition : vector space model and the algorithm for sentence structure similarity getting that based on word class cluster

    3 、針對支持向量機方法在自動獲取性能方面的不足，探索提出了基於相似度計算的動詞次范疇獲取演算法，並分別使用了兩種不同的句子相似度獲取演算法:向量空間模型和基於詞類串句子結構相似度獲取演算法，用於動詞次范疇類獲取。
  6. The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on

    總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。
  7. This paper is based on the reality of maritime affairs game of shanghai. it defines the content of project appropriation budget of unit of maritime affairs according to the relevant policies and regulations, makes five major principles while projects are arranged in an order, and structures the mode of two delphi to appraise the project appropriation budget. the mode of two delphi is that the unit of maritime affairs designs respectively the appraisal index system according to the classification of appropriation budget of the project ; uses delphi at the first time to define the weight of every appraisal index ; then uses delphi twice to appraise the appropriation budget of the project

    本文結合上海海事局的實際情況，根據相關政策法規，界定了海事單位項目支出預算的內容，明確項目排序的五大原則，構建了兩次專家調查法模式進行項目評價，即海事單位按照項目支出預算類別分類設計評價指標體系；運用專家調查法確定各分指標的權重；再次運用專家調查法對項目支出預算進行評價，試圖為海事單位項目支出預算評價找到一條可行的途徑。
  8. In the positive analysis, the paper, firstly using the 1978 and 2001 data in ( time order ) and analyzing the total consumption and its structural characters of rural residents in liaoning province, including the basic tendency and structural change of rural their consumption, came to the conclusion that since the reform and opening up, the total consumption level of rural residents has been promoted and their consumption structure has been improved in liaoning ; secondly, using 2001 sectional data, econometrically analyzed the peasants " consumption structure by employing the by which in the analysis the author makes the assumptions as follows : all the consumers have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods

    本論文首先利用1978 ? ? 2001年的時序資料分析了遼寧省農民消費的總量狀況和結構特徵，包括農民消費的基本走勢及農民消費結構的變遷。得出：改革開放以來，遼寧省農民總體消費水平有了一定程度的提高，農民消費結構不斷改善；其次選擇2001年截面資料對遼寧省農民消費結構進行了計量分析，在這部分分析中，選用的模型是擴展的線性支出系統模型（簡稱eles模型） ，但採用擴展的線性支出系統模型進行分析和預測消費傾向中，暗含著如下假定： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，所有消費者都是相同的。 」
  9. Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

    故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。
  10. Abstract : the restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. through interpreting the images of remote sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of lushuihe forest bureau, which is a typical forest area of changbai mountain, was obtained with support of gis. by dividing land covers of lushuihe area into 10 types ( water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man - made young forest ) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers ( in turn, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river ), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985 - 1999 were analyzed. the results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. in buffer 1, 2, 3, the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. in buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest - age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task

    文摘:本文對兩期遙感圖像進行解譯，並在gis支持下提取露水河林業局主要河流兩岸各緩沖區森林資源信息，經分析得到各類地物在1985年及1999年的變化趨勢.結果表明:在河流沿岸對森林的採伐強度1999年較1985年明顯減小，整體生態環境較1985年有所改善.在緩沖區1 ， 2 ， 3除中齡針葉林大幅度增加外，其它地物類型面積均減少，由此可以看出，在這三個緩沖區內針葉林得到了較好的恢復.在緩沖區4內，中齡針葉林、成熟針葉林、成熟闊葉林形成一個林齡梯隊，有利於森林生態系統的穩定與功能的發揮，十五年間緩沖區4受到的干擾相對較小.濕地數量在四個緩沖區內均有所減少，雖然在緩沖區4內森林生態系統恢復的較好，但濕地面積仍有所減少，說明保護及恢復濕地資源是一件非常艱巨的任務，必須引起高度重視.圖5表2參12
  11. The restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. through interpreting the images of remote sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of lushuihe forest bureau, which is a typical forest area of changbai mountain, was obtained with support of gis. by dividing land covers of lushuihe area into 10 types ( water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man - made young forest ) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers ( in turn, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river ), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985 - 1999 were analyzed. the results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. in buffer 1, 2, 3, the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. in buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest - age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task

    本文對兩期遙感圖像進行解譯，並在gis支持下提取露水河林業局主要河流兩岸各緩沖區森林資源信息，經分析得到各類地物在1985年及1999年的變化趨勢.結果表明:在河流沿岸對森林的採伐強度1999年較1985年明顯減小，整體生態環境較1985年有所改善.在緩沖區1 ， 2 ， 3除中齡針葉林大幅度增加外，其它地物類型面積均減少，由此可以看出，在這三個緩沖區內針葉林得到了較好的恢復.在緩沖區4內，中齡針葉林、成熟針葉林、成熟闊葉林形成一個林齡梯隊，有利於森林生態系統的穩定與功能的發揮，十五年間緩沖區4受到的干擾相對較小.濕地數量在四個緩沖區內均有所減少，雖然在緩沖區4內森林生態系統恢復的較好，但濕地面積仍有所減少，說明保護及恢復濕地資源是一件非常艱巨的任務，必須引起高度重視.圖5表2參12
  12. Our study shows through economic channels ( reduction in labor demand, relative price change, fiscal retrenchment, changes in the value of assets, worsen of social environment ), and via the channels of financial transfer which from non - participants to participants of the financial sector, financial crises and it ' s resolution worsened the distribution of income and poverty in ldcs

    我們的研究顯示：通過勞動要求的減少、商品相對價格的變化、公共支出的削減、實物與金融資產價格變化和社會環境的惡化等經濟渠道，以及由非參與者到金融系統參與者的金融轉移渠道，金融危機及其治理加重了發展中國家的貧困程度，惡化了收入分配狀況。
  13. Based on the analysis of financial assets, savings, debt, income and expenditure, etc. in family finance with its essence as a starting point, the paper tells the common rule in family financial activity and social financial activity and further explains the characteristics of chinese family finance and the problems that lie in it, after which the author puts forward relevant measure to solve it and gives us his opinions

    摘要本文從家庭金融的本質出發，通過對家庭金融中的金融資產、儲蓄、負債、收入和支出等方面的分析，闡述家庭內部金融活動和參與社會金融活動的一般規律，進一步說明中國家庭金融的特點和出現的問題，並提出相應措施和看法。
  14. China ' s spending on defence is low in relative terms as well as absolute terms

    中國國防支出的低水平，不僅反映在國防費的絕對值上，而且也反映在國家國防負擔的相對比例上。
  15. China ' s defense expenditure is low in relative terms, as well as in absolute terms

    中國國防支出的低水平，不僅反映在國防費的絕對值上，而且也反映在國家國防負擔的相對比例上。
  16. Then, in order to liberate and develop productive forces better, it should consider that support the relatively higher productivity of private enterprises use more limited financial resources ; to raise the people ' s living standards, it should consider how to better

    那麼，為了更好地解放生產力，就應該考慮在有限的金融資源中分出更多的部分支持生產率相對較高的民營企業;要提高人民生活水平，就理應考慮如何更好地支持能為國家貢獻越來越多稅收的民營企業。
  17. The main characters of the river - valley landforms are followed : the outstandingly longitudinal range - gorge landforms constitute the unique view of three parallel rivers ; the relative highness difference of the landform is great and the river valley cut deeply ; the formation and evolution of the river - valley landforms are obviously controlled by the geological structure ; the landforms types and the various characters of the landforms combination in the drainage area are prominent ; the geological environment has relatively strong frangibility ; the branches riverhead of the river - valley mostly come from high mountains and lakes, and the river - valleys of the branches along the banks have disproportional distribution

    其河谷地貌的主要特徵有：突出的縱向嶺谷地貌，構成了少有的三江併流奇觀；地貌相對高差大，河谷深切；河谷地貌形成演化發育明顯受地質構造控制；流域范圍內地貌類型和地貌組合多樣化特徵突出；地質地貌環境具有較強烈的生態脆弱性；河谷支流水源多發源於高山湖泊，兩岸支流河谷分佈不均衡。
  18. 1 ) if bank capital are forbidden thoroughly to get into stock market, it will bring low profit on monetary market, constrict the development of capital market and affect the transmission of monetary policy ; 2 ) vice versa, allowing bank capital to flow into stock market too early may also lead to unfavorable effects, such as endangering financial stability, disturbing financial order and constraining the development of economy

    （ 1 ）限制銀行資金入市，造成了貨幣市場收益率低下，商業銀行、保險公司在貨幣市場上融出資金基本無利可圖，只好通過各種途徑違規進入股市；使資本市場失去資金支持，不僅造成市場流動性不足，還因缺乏基準利率參照而難以形成合理的定價機制，制約了資本市場的發展；影響貨幣政策的傳導，貨幣市場與資本市場的關聯性低，貨幣政策信號受阻，傳導路徑相對單一，貨幣政策效應的時滯加大。
  19. The main contents are as follows : 1. the theoretical frameworks of the local fiscal expenditure structures are the core contents of the thesis, and its main points are as follows : ( 1 ) die local fiscal expenditure structures are the interrelationship between the different factors under the economic and finance systems ; ( 2 ) the essence of the optimization of the local fiscal expenditure structures is mat the different factors among the local fiscal expenditure structures are suited to the common social needs and the distribution of mem are reasonable and appropriate ; ( 3 ) the efficiency of the local fiscal expenditures are determined by the reasonability of themselves and its effect on the economic variables ; ( 4 ) in addition to adjust the structures, the efficient expenditure management mechanism is needed in order to maintain the optimization processes

    通過研究指明： （ 1 ）地方財政支出結構是指在一定的經濟體制和財政體制下，在地方財政資源的分配過程中，地方財政支出的諸要素相互聯系、相互作用的內在關系和空間表現。 （ 2 ）地方財政支出結構優化的本質是在財政配置資源量占社會資源總量合理的前提下，財政資源內部各構成要素符合社會共同需要的目的，並且分配比例協調合理的狀態。 （ 3 ）地方財政支出結構是否合理，直接關繫到支出本身的效率，而既定的支出效率取決于這種結構對經濟變量的影響，即地方財政支出結構的效應。
  20. Thus, when functions and incomes can not be peer to peer, or local governments encounter fiscal gap inevitably, we need more detailed distinction to ensure the rationality of function that local governments take on, and we need transfer payment to realizes upright equilibrium and horizon equilibrium, ensuring inhabitants in different areas can enjoy fundamental or approximately equivalent public services

    因此，在事權財權無法對等的情況，在地方政府不可避免存在財政缺口的情況，我們需要對支出職能更加詳細的劃分確保地方政府所承擔支出職能的合理性；我們需要依靠轉移支付來實現縱向平衡和橫向平衡，保證不同地區的居民都能享受到最基本或大體相當的公共服務。
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