積分上下限 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jīfēnshàngxiàxiàn]
積分上下限 英文
range of integration
  • 積 : Ⅰ動詞（積累） amass; store up; accumulate Ⅱ形容詞（長時間積累下來的） long standing; long pending...
  • 分 : 分Ⅰ名詞1. （成分） component 2. （職責和權利的限度） what is within one's duty or rights Ⅱ同 「份」Ⅲ動詞[書面語] （料想） judge
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 下 : 下動詞1. （用在動詞后,表示由高處到低處） 2. （用在動詞后, 表示有空間, 能容納） 3. （用在動詞后, 表示動作的完成或結果）
  • 限 : Ⅰ名詞（指定的范圍; 限度） limit; bounds Ⅱ動詞（指定范圍, 不許超過） set a limit; limit; restrict
  • 積分 : 1. [數學] integral; integrate; integration 2. [體育] （積累的分數） accumulate points
  1. Not to inherit by right of primogeniture, gavelkind or borough english, or possess in perpetuity an extensive demesne of a sufficient number of acres, roods and perches, statute land measure valuation 42, of grazing turbary surrounding a baronial hall with gatelodge and carriage drive nor, on the other hand, a terracehouse or semidetached villa, described as rus in urbe or qui si sana, but to purchase by private treaty in fee simple a thatched bungalowshaped 2 storey dwellinghouse of southerly aspect, surmounted by vane and lightning conductor, connected with the earth, with porch covered by parasitic plants ivy or virginia creeper, halldoor, olive green, with smart carriage finish and neat doorbrasses, stucco front with gilt tracery at eaves and gable, rising, if possible, upon a gentle eminence with agreeable prospect from balcony with stone pillar parapet over unoccupied and unoccupyable interjacent pastures and standing in 5 or 6 acres of its own ground, at such a distance from the nearest public thoroughfare as to render its houselights visible at night above and through a quickset hornbeam hedge of topiary cutting, situate at a given point not less than 1 statute mile from the periphery of the metropolis, within a time limit of not more than 5 minutes from tram or train line e. g.,

    他並不想根據長子繼承製男子平分繼承製或末子繼承製237 ，把那幢有著門房和馬車道的男爵宅邪及其周圍那一大片遼闊的英畝路得和平方桿238法定土地面積單位，估價為四十二英鎊239的泥炭質牧場地，或者那座被描述為「都會中的田園240 」或「健康莊242 」的有陽臺的房子或一側與鄰屋相接的別墅，繼承下來並永久佔有。他只巴望根據私人合同購買一所繼承人身分不受限制的不動產：要坐北朝南的一座草屋頂有涼臺的雙層住宅，房頂上裝起風向標以及與地面相接的避雷針，門廊上要爬滿寄生植物常春藤或五葉地錦，橄欖綠色的正門最後一道工序漆得漂漂亮亮，賽得過馬車。門上有著精巧的黃銅裝飾。
  2. Shandong tengzhou huacheng metal co., ltd. enjoyed free mport anf export right awaeded by the state evonomic and trade co mmissiom, with 20years histoy of specolozed in metalwork. our favtory lovated in beauty spot of honghe everglade near weoshan lake in the south - eest of shandong rovince. we regisstered fund is 22 800 000rmb, and thr acreagr id 30000 squares, anthe workshop is 12000 squares, with 358 workerd ( not include the 16 filiale ) but 21 of them are advanced engineers, advances technology, completely testing equipment, good quantity of produces, and advance technology about surface producing, under the spirit of together effort with our clients, our company would make a new view on the surface making in many fields, such as : airplane, vessel, armory, car, container and so on

    山東省滕州市華成金屬製品有限公司是一家具有中華人民共和國自營進出口資格的企業，已有20多年專業生產金屬磨料的歷史，公司位於中國魯西南地區的微山湖紅荷濕地風景區，公司注冊資本2280萬元人民幣，工廠面積30000平方米，車間面積12000平方米，員工358名（不包括下屬16個分廠）其中高級工程技術人員21名，技術力量雄厚，質量檢測手段完善，產品質量穩定，具有先進的表面處理技術.公司本著與客戶共同努力的觀點，在材料和技術應用上不斷創新，不斷提高，把飛機，造船，兵工，車輛，集裝箱等行業的表面處理，強化，推向一個嶄新的局面
  3. The yanchang formation is divided, for the first time, into six third - order sequences, each with an average time duration of about 4. 5 ma. the single sequence is composed of deltaic and lacustrine sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. the subaerial and subaqueous distributary channel and channel - mouth bar sandstone reservoirs are well developed mainly in the lowstand and highland systems tracts

    論文在富縣探區首次應用陸相層序地層學的觀點和方法，把延長組劃分為6個三級層序，平均時限4 . 5ma ，各層序由三角洲與湖泊相砂、泥巖沉積組成，主要在低位體系域和高位體系域發育水下（上）分流河道和河口砂壩砂巖儲層
  4. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  5. Located on the bank of the mother - river, qiantang river, at 6f zhonghua mansion 489 qiutao rd, hangzhou jinjiang electric appliance co., ltd. former hangzhou jinjiang electrical appliance factory is specialized in manufacturing thermal protector and starter for compressors of air - conditioner and refrigerator. with an annual output capability of 1, 000, 000 sets, the products are mainly supplied for domestic compressor manufacturers and partly exported. it covers a building area of 1, 600 square meters and employs over 100 people, among which 12 are technicians. all the staff are qualified by receiving professional training. the company consists of general affair office, quality control department, manufacture department, product department, procurement and promotion department ane after - sales department

    杭州近江電器有限公司原名杭州近江電器廠是生產空調冰箱壓縮機熱保護啟動器的專業公司，年生產能力為100萬套，產品主要為國內壓縮機廠家配套，部分產品出口國外。公司位於母親河錢塘江之濱秋濤路489號，中華大廈六樓廠區面積為1600平方米現有員工100餘人，所有人員都經過相應的專業培訓合格後上崗，其中技術人員為12名。公司下設綜合辦公室品質管理部技術開發部供應銷售部售後服務組。
  6. Mr paul cheung kwok wing, chairman of kingboard chemical holdings said : " the group reached another milestone following the spin off of the laminate business under kingboard laminates holdings limited " kingboard laminates " on the main board of the stock exchange of hong kong limited on 7 december 2006. the success of the initial public offering of kingboard laminates enables it access to the international capital markets so as to capture additional growth opportunities as they arise

    建滔化工集團主席張國榮先生稱：集團除了成功交出亮麗的業績外，更於二零零六年十二月七日，透過建滔積層板控股有限公司建滔積層板成功將旗下覆銅面板業務于香港聯合交易所有限公司主板分柝上市，為集團業務奠定另一個里程碑。
  7. Based on the review, the fluid flow and heat transfer in the curved circular and rectangular pipes have been researched by employing perturbation method and numerical simulation with a physical model under the rotational orthogonal curvilinear coordinate in a rotating curvilinear pipe with multi - parameters. we firstly analyzed the fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer, mixed convection heat transfer, the development of flow and heat transfer in the inlet in different cross section ( circular, elliptical, annular and rectangular crossection ). the variations of the secondary flow, axial velocity, distribution of temperature, the friction force on the wall, the ratio of friction factor as well as the nusselt number with different dimensionless parameters had been examined in detailed

    本文在總結和分析了一個世紀以來有關曲線管道流動和換熱特性的研究成果的基礎上，以旋轉正交曲線坐標系統下的多參數旋轉螺旋管道中的對流傳熱為物理模型，通過攝動方法和有限體積法，首次對各種截面（圓截面、橢圓截面、環形截面、矩形截面）旋轉曲線管道內充分發展流動的流動結構和傳熱特性（包括耦合對流傳熱特性）以及旋轉曲線管道開口段發展流動的流動結構和換熱特性進行了系統的數值模擬和理論分析，詳細討論了各種無量綱參數對管道內軸向速度分佈、二次流結構、溫度分佈、壁面摩擦力、摩擦系數比以及管道nusselt數的影響，獲得了若干創新性成果。
  8. According the key factors we find, we bring forward a new conception : multilevel suppressor and design a new high performance suppressor whose ion - exchange membrane has bigger areas and using three electrodes including one cathode ( anode ) and two anodes ( cathode ), at the same time we fill the suppression compartment with one kind of ion exchange resin which has moderate exchange capacity. according to our experiment ' s results, we find the new type suppressor has quite high working current efficiency and suppressing capacity. in most cases, the suppressor ' s current efficiency is over 90 % ; the suppressor can transform the naoh ( concentration : 200mmol / l, flow rate : i. oml / min, conductance : over 10000 i - i s cm " ) to pure water ( conductance : 8. 9 it s cm in chapter 3, the high performance suppressor is applied in determination some trace - amounts ions in plating solution, sewage. in this chapter, we also have a research on the gradient ion chromatography

    第二章首先以xyz - 1型電化學抑制柱為例，分析了電化學抑制柱的抑制過程得出影響抑制容量的主要因素主要是抑制柱的電流效率和離子交換膜的極限電流密度，因此採用中等交換能力的離子交換樹脂作為抑制室的填料以提高電流效率，在通常情況下電流效率可達到90以上；在選用同種離子交換膜的前提下，可通過增加離子交換膜的有效面積達到提高極限電流的目的從而提高抑制柱的抑制容量，因此提出了多級抑制的概念並據此研製了共電極式高容量電化學抑制柱，該抑制柱最高可將流速為1 . 0ml / min ，濃度為200mmol / l電導率超過10000 s ? cm ~ （ - 1 ）氫氧化鈉溶液抑制為電導率低至8 . 9 s ? cm ~ （ - 1 ）的純水，並且具有穩定性高、分析結果準確等優點。
  9. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the lagrangian method and conservative rezonning algorithm. finite volume scheme is used for lagrangian equations of hydrodynamics. because of the pressure gradients " influence upon velocities and energy, computational scheme is proposed for momentum equation on two control volumes in order to suspend the time when the mesh becomes distorted

    本文的目的是研究lagrange方法及重映演算法，主要內容可分為以下幾個方面：首先從積分形式的二維lagrange流體力學方程組出發，用有限體積格式進行計算，考慮壓力梯度分佈對速度和能量改變的影響，構造了在兩個控制體上的動量方程的計算格式，使得速度的改變受其周圍八個壓力的影響，在一定程度上推遲了網格相交的進程。
  10. This technique combines the edge - based finite - element method with physical optics ( po ) and physical theory of diffraction ( ptd ). the hybrid technique is applied to compute the scattering fields from the electrically large bodies with cracks and cavities on their surfaces. it is also used to analyze the scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas residing in a cavity mounted on metal objects with finite sizes

    本文採用edge - basedfem為基本方法，結合物理光學法（ po ） 、物理繞射理論（ ptd ） 、邊界積分方程（ bi ） 、區域分解技術（ ddm ）和完全匹配層（ pml ）吸收邊界條件等求解方法構成的混合方法，對電磁散射和輻射問題進行了研究，主要包括以下內容：提出了一種edge - basedfem與物理光學方法和物理繞射理論相結合的混合方法? fem po - ptd方法，並將該混合方法應用於帶有腔體或槽縫的電大尺寸導體目標的電磁散射特性分析和位於有限導體目標上的背腔式微帶貼片天線的電磁散射特性分析。
  11. Dynamic control of the limit water level belongs to non - structural measures of reservoir operation. with the analysis of the cause and rule of flood in the catchments and taking advantage of hydrology and metrology information, the operable method can be obtained which not only satisfies the flood prevention but also takes full advantage of flood resources, and the upper and lower limits of the limit water level are determined with serial hydrology calculation. then, the rule of using the upper and lower limits is put forward to reach a beneficial flood operation with small risk

    汛限水位動態控制方法屬於水庫風險調度的非工程措施范疇，通過分析流域洪水的成因和庫區降雨及致洪規律，結合水庫的蓄泄能力，積極慎重的利用水文氣象預報信息，研究既能滿足防洪要求，又可充分利用洪水資源的可操作性的調度方法，利用水文系列的連續演算方式推求汛限水位的變化范圍，提出使用汛限水位上下限的原則，達到風險較小、效益較大的目的。
  12. In this dissertation, the numerical computation for the acoustic radiation problem ( arp ) is studied deeply and systematically in the theory, method and the application technique, based on analyzing the situation of the home and abroad on the numerical computation for the acoustic radiation problem. the calculation formulas of the boundary element method ( bem ) for the exterior acoustic radiation problem in the full - space and half - space are deduced, based on the wave propagation theorem ; the arising of the non - unique solutions, which is associated with the application of the boundary integral equation ( bie ) in acoustic radiation problem, is analyzed and proofed ; the improved combined helmholtz integral equation formulation ( ichief ) is presented to overcome the non - uniqueness problem more effectively and reliably ; the determination of the singular integral coefficients on various occasions is analyzed ; the properties and treatments of the singular integrals with different orders axe studied ; the computation program of the cubic spline ichief is developed and its ability to overcome the non - uniqueness problem and feasibility to discrete the surface coarsely with the sufficient calculation precision are examined through examples

    第二章在聲波動理論基礎上，詳細地推導出對應于無限域和半無限域的外部振動聲輻射問題的邊界積分方程計算公式；根據fredholm積分理論，對利用邊界積分方程計算振動聲輻射問題過程中解的非唯一性的產生進行了分析和證明；改進了chief法以提高其克服解的非唯一性的有效性和可靠性；對不同條件下奇性系數的計算、強奇性積分的收斂性及其在變量替換時與普通積分的差異性、不同階奇性積分的計算、數值求積分等進行了研究；開發了三次樣條改進chief法計算軟體，並通過算例考核了該方法在特徵波數處克服解的非唯一性的有效性和在保證計算精度的前提下實現剖分粗化以提高計算效率的可行性。
  13. Fix on up and down limit and computational methods of convolution integral

    卷積積分上下限的確定與計算方法
  14. It is well known that for an optical pulse, its distribution in time domain is infinite. but only a limited time window width t _ ( w ) may be selected in numerical calculations because of the limitation of the microcomputer. therefore, the selection of t _ ( w ) is also a key aspect that should be considered carefully in numerical simulations

    基於此，本文提出了利用分步傅里葉方法計算光脈沖在光纖中傳輸時間窗口的選取方法，給出了正確模擬光脈沖通過不同長度的光纖后光脈沖的變化所要選取的時間窗口（即計算過程中所取的積分上下限之差） 。
  15. First, based on comprehension analysis of the present study status on optimizing method to displacement back analysis in underground engineering home and abroad, intelligent optimizing method, which fits the features of underground engineering, has been developed by introducing annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm and improving them. second, according to practical features of nonlinear displacement for underground engineering, the mechanical model on back analysis to initial ground stress and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock mass in underground engineering is established, which is based on the measuring results of displacement of convergence in underground holes. while, by introducing finite element method and combining improved annealing algorithm and improved genetic - annealing algorithm, the theory and method of elastic - plastic displacement back analysis to surrounding rock in underground engineering has been founded

    首先，本文在綜合分析國內外地下工程優化位移反分析方法研究現狀的基礎上，引進模擬退火與遺傳演算法，並對其進行改進，建立了適合於地下工程問題特點的智能優化演算法;其次，根據地下工程非線性特點，基於地下工程洞周收斂位移量測結果，建立了用於地下工程初始地應力與圍巖力學參數反演分析的力學模型，並引進有限元分析手段，結合改進模擬退火演算法與改進遺傳-模擬退火演算法，分別建立了基於這兩種智能優化演算法的地下工程圍巖彈塑性位移反分析理論與方法，並開發了相應的分析計算程序，為地下工程圍巖穩定性與開挖順序優化分析奠定了基礎;然後，在上述基礎上，根據地下工程開挖施工順序優化設計的特點，建立了基於圍巖塑性區面積的地下工程開挖施工順序優化分析模型，基於改進模擬退火演算法與改進遺傳-模擬退火演算法建立了地下工程開挖施工順序優化分析方法，並開發了相應的分析計算程序;最後，將上述分析計算程序用於工程實例分析，探討了其應用方法，證明了該文研究成果的合理性和可靠性。
  16. In this thesis, finite volume method and dual - time stepping method are employed to solve the 3 - d unsteady euler equations. the unsteady flow field around a finite - span flapping wing is simulated. the lift and thrust of the flapping wing for different cases are calculated

    本文運用有限體積法結合雙時間推進技術求解三維非定常歐拉方程，模擬了有限翼展機翼在同時具有上下拍動和俯仰運動狀態下的非定常流場，計算了不同狀態下撲翼的升力及推力，分析了各個影響因素對撲翼氣動特性的影響。
  17. Based on those, the concept of chilling process was put forward according to the lowest biologic temperature of main tropic and south sub tropic crop and fruit in guangdong and the low temperature ( environment temperature 5. 0 ) which is harmful to those crop and fruit. with the lowest air temperature ( the daily lowest air temperature ) x1, the lasting days of low temperature x2 and an integrative physical element - - negative accumulated temperature x3 in which the effect of the intense and lasting days of low temperature were considered, the correlation coefficient of those indexes were calculated and analyzed, and the results showed that there are apparent linear correlations among them

    在此基礎上，以廣東主要熱帶南亞熱帶作物的生物學下限溫度為依據，從這些作物受寒害的起點溫度（環境溫度5 . 0 ）出發，提出了寒害過程的概念，並用寒害過程低溫的強度（逐日最低氣溫） x _ 1 、低溫的持續時間（天數） x _ 2及考慮了低溫的強度和持續時間綜合作用的物理量負積溫x _ 3這3個指標來描述寒害的強度，研究了廣東歷年冬季寒害的變化，分析了這3個指標間的相關系數，結果表明它們之間互相存在顯著的相關關系。
  18. Firstly, based on the classical theorem of limit analysis, the von mises yielding condition and finite element method technique, two common mathematical programs for the determination of the lower and upper bounds are built and solved by an iteration algorithm directly

    首先，基於塑性極限載荷分析中的上下限定理和有限元離散技術，推導和給出了一般結構極限載荷上下限計算的數學規劃的普遍格式和相應的積分數值計算公式。
  19. This feature reflects the physical phenomenon of breaking of waves and development of shock waves. in the fields of fulid dynamics, ( 0. 2. 1 ) is an approximation of small visvosity phenomenon. if viscosity ( or the diffusion term, two derivatives ) are added to ( 0. 2. 1 ), it can be researched in the classical way which say that the solutions become very smooth immediately even for coarse inital data because of the diffusion of viscosity. a natural idea ( method of regularity ) is obtained as follows : solutions of the viscous convection - diffusion pr oblem approachs to the solutions of ( 0. 2. 1 ) when the viscosity goes to zeros. another method is numerical method such as difference methods, finite element method, spectrum method or finite volume method etc. numerical solutions which is constructed from the numerical scheme approximate to the solutions of the hyperbolic con - ervation laws ( 0. 2. 1 ) as the discretation parameter goes to zero. the aim of these two methods is to construct approximate solutions and then to conside the stability of approximate so - lutions ( i, e. the upper bound of approximate solutions in the suitable norms, especally for that independent of the approximate parameters ). using the compactness framework ( such as bv compactness, l1 compactness and compensated compactness etc ) and the fact that the truncation is small, the approximate function consquence approch to a function which is exactly the solutions of ( 0. 2. 1 ) in some sense of definiton

    當考慮粘性后，即在數學上反映為（ 0 . 1 . 1 ）中多了擴散項（二階導數項） ，即使很粗糙的初始數據，解在瞬間內變的很光滑，這由於流體的粘性擴散引起，這種對流-擴散問題可用古典的微分方程來研究。自然的想法就是當粘性趨于零時，帶粘性的對流-擴散問題的解在某意義下趨于無粘性問題（ 0 . 1 . 1 ）的解，這就是正則化方法。另一辦法從離散（數值）角度上研究僅有對流項的守恆律（ 0 . 1 . 1 ） ，如構造它的差分格式，甚至更一般的有限體積格式，有限元及譜方法等，從這些格式構造近似解（常表現為分片多項式）來逼近原守恆律的解。
  20. The finite difference method and matlab / simulink are used to simulate the pressure transients accompanying the growing and collapsing of gas bubbles and cavitation in low pressure hydraulic pipelines. a method using selector block in matlab simulink to solve the equations in spatial dimension is developed. the pressure transients under different conditions such as different initial flow rate, different viscosity and different initial gas bubble volume are simulated

    採用有限差分及matlab / simulink模擬方法，提出了採用simulink中selector模塊求解空間域上積分的方法，對低壓液壓管路有氣泡和氣穴產生的瞬態壓力脈動過程進行了時間域和空間域上的求解，對不同起始流量、不同液壓油粘度和不同初始氣泡量等條件下的瞬態壓力脈動過程進行了模擬研究。
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